ʻO Bustard - kahi manu ma ka wēlau o ka make. Ua mahalo mau ʻia ʻo ia no kāna ʻiʻo, ke kumu o ka huli holoholona haʻuki. I kēia manawa, aia ka heluna kanaka liʻiliʻi i kahi kūlana kaumaha loa, no laila he mea nui e ʻike he aha nā ʻano kaiapuni a me nā hiʻohiʻona e pono ai e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano laha ʻole.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Strepet
ʻO ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi no ka ʻohana bustard; ʻo ka inoa ʻepekema o ka manu ʻo Tetrax tetrax. Noho kēia mau manu ma ʻEulopa, ʻĀkia a me ʻApelika a hoʻokomo i 26 mau lā a me nā 11 genera. I ka mua, ua koho ʻia ka bustard ma ke ʻano he manuʻū, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi molekole o nā ʻepekema he ʻohana ʻokoʻa loa kēia.
ʻO ka moʻomeheu maʻamau o ka bustard nā:
- nā nani bustard;
- ʻūhā nui;
- ʻāpana liʻiliʻi;
- ʻAʻapo ʻApelika
- nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi (ʻo ka genus a me ka ʻelele wale nō o ka genus - ka laha), ʻaʻole pili i ka genus maʻamau, akā he kūlana koʻikoʻi ko loko.
Noho ka hapanui o nā ʻano bustard (16 mai 26) i nā wahi tropical, ʻoiai maʻalahi ke ʻano o nā manu i nā aniau.
ʻOkoʻa nā Bustards i ka helehelena, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano e lanakila ma kahi o nā ʻano āpau.
- kino ikaika me ke poʻo nui;
- he nui nā ʻano o nā kāne i kau i ko lākou poʻo, kahi mea nui i nā pāʻani moena;
- loloa akā ikaika ka ʻāʻī;
- nuku pololei pōkole;
- ʻēheu ākea ikaika;
- ʻaʻohe manamana hope, e hōʻike ana i ka nohona ʻāina o nā manu;
- ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne kāne ma mua o nā wahine, akā ʻike nui ʻia kēia ma nā ʻano nui;
- ʻo ka plumage o ka bustard e camouflaging, pale.
Noho nā ʻelele āpau o ka ʻohana bustard ma ka honua a neʻe maikaʻi i kā lākou wāwae. Inā pilikia, ʻaʻole like me nā partridges, makemake lākou ʻaʻole e holo, akā e lele, kahi e maʻalahi ai nā mea no ka ʻimi haʻuki haʻuki.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu liʻiliʻi
Loaʻa ka nui o ka manu i kahi manu: ʻo ke kaumaha i kāka iki ʻia i ka 1 kg., ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 44 cm; ʻo ka eheu o nā wahine he 83 cm, no nā kāne - a hiki i ka 91 cm. ʻOkoʻa ke kaumaha o nā kāne a me nā wahine - 500 a me 900 g.
He kumukānāwai kino ikaika ko Little bustard me nā wāwae melemele paʻa paʻa, kahi poʻo nui i pālahalaha ʻia, a me kahi nuku pōkole ʻalani. ʻAno ʻalani nā maka o ka makai liʻiliʻi. He camouflage ke kala, akā ʻokoʻa i nā wahine a me nā kāne. Pōkole ka huelo; i ke kūlana mālie, pili pono nā ʻeheu i ke kino.
I ke kauwela, ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wahine a me nā kāne. ʻAʻole hoʻololi ka wahine i kona kapa i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki: he hina hina kona me ka lehulehu i kahakaha ʻia me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. Ua like kēia mau kiko me nā nalu liʻiliʻi, a hoʻolilo ke kala i camouflage i hiki, hiki ke huikau i kahi mea ʻimi holoholona. Keokeo ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāʻī.
Wikiō: Bustle
Ke hohola ka wahine wahine i kona mau ʻeheu i ka lele ʻana, ʻike ʻia kahi palena keʻokeʻo ma ka lihi o nā ʻeheu - pena ʻia nā hulu lōʻihi i keʻokeʻo e huikau pū ka ʻenemi i ka lele ʻana. ʻO nā hulu o waho loa ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, i nā wahine, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kiko liʻiliʻi ma ke poʻo, i puhi ʻia e ka makani i kekahi manawa i ka wā lele, akā ʻaʻohe waiwai kūpono.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne i ke kala mai nā wahine a me nā manu hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai kahi mamao aku e ka nui - ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kāne. Akā i ke kauwela, ke kau ʻana, hoʻololi ʻo ia i kāna plumage i kahi mālamalama e ʻumeʻume i ka manaʻo o nā wahine. Loaʻa nā hulu i kahi ʻulaʻula, mau nā wavy wavy, akā lilo i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻole - ʻeleʻele.
Huli momona ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a me ke kumu o nā wāwae. ʻOi ka ʻālohilohi o ka ʻāʻī: pena ʻia i nā kaha ʻeleʻele ʻelua a ʻelua keʻokeʻo lahilahi. ʻO kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ma ke kumu o ke poʻo e hana i kahi kihi e like me ke kola. Hinahina nā hulu ma ke poʻo, e lawe ana i kahi kala kala.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ke kāne e hoʻōho i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, ʻike maopopo ʻia kona umauma, ʻāpana ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana - ka ʻāʻī puʻu, e ʻae iā ʻoe e hana i nā leo nui
ʻOiai e hīmeni ana, hulu nā kāne i nā hulu ma luna o kona poʻo - ʻaʻohe ona kiko ma ka lei aliʻi, akā ʻelua mau laina o nā hulu ʻeleʻele i alakaʻi i ka ʻaoʻao hema a me ka ʻākau o ke poʻo, e hele ana i ka ʻāʻī. I kēia ʻano, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka manu kāne i kahi moʻo ʻaʻala.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pipi liʻiliʻi?
Kiʻi: Strepet ma Lūkia
ʻAʻole like me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana bustard, i makemake i kahi aniau tropical, makemake ka bustard liʻiliʻi i nā mahana mahana. Noho ʻo ia ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau. No nā hoʻonohonoho ʻana, koho ʻia nā ākea ākea - nā māla a me nā steppes.
Ma Rūsia, hiki ke loaʻa ka bustard liʻiliʻi ma nā wahi kaʻawale:
- ʻĀina waena a me Volga Lalo;
- ka hema o ka ʻĀina Ulyanovsk (no ʻekolu mau makahiki ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā koina o ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi - nalowale paha lākou);
- Volga;
- hema o ka Ural.
Ma mua, ua pālahalaha ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma ka moku ʻo Lipetsk, ma ka Lalo Don, ma Kalmykia, ma nā moku ʻo Kletsky a me Serafimsky, nā kapa o nā moku ʻo Ilovlinsky a me Frolovsky, ma ka steppes Salsko-Manych.
No ka bustard liʻiliʻi, mea nui ka momona o ka lepo a me kahi wai iki. No laila, wae ʻia nā wahi momona i hoʻomohala ʻole ʻia e nā mea kanu mahiʻai e like me nā wahi pūnana. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka ʻāina a me ka mahi ʻana i nā mahina ʻai a me nā steppe, ua lilo kēia mau wahi liʻiliʻi, kahi lehulehu o ka manawa, i mea laha ʻole.
Koho nā manu i nā awāwa maloʻo me nā pali nui a me nā kahawai kahawai - he mea nui ka wai no ka pahu liʻiliʻi, akā he nui nā mea ʻino a me nā manu hoʻokūkū ʻē aʻe e ʻākoakoa i ona lā. ʻO nā pali o nā awāwa i koho pinepine ʻia me ka sodoma, kahi e hūnā i nā manu mai ka prying eyes. Koho pinepine lākou i nā lau nahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo - ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke camouflage ma luna o lākou. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa nā pahu liʻiliʻi ma nā pāpū pālolo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: he paʻakikī ka helu ʻana i ka bustard liʻiliʻi, no ka mea i ka wā pili ʻole o ka moʻo, noho mālie a manu ʻole nā manu. Akā alakaʻi ʻia nā poʻe hahai holoholona e kā lākou ala - haʻalele ka poʻe ʻūlū liʻiliʻi i kahi wāwae wāwae ʻekolu i ka lepo.
Kūkulu nā manu i nā pūnana ma ka honua, akā, ma ke ʻano he, hana nā wahine i kēia a i ka wā o ka pūnana - hana nā kāne me ka noho ʻole mau. No ka pūnana, ʻeli ka wahine i lua a insulate iā ia me ka mauʻu a me kāna iho i lalo.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka pipi liʻiliʻi. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi?
Kiʻi: Little bustard mai ka Red Book
Puni manu i ka pō, no ka mea aia ka wela i ka lā, kahi e hūnā ai nā poʻe liʻiliʻi i nā ululāʻau pouli. I ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā lākou ke hele i ke ahiahi, i ka wā e pouli ai. ʻOi aku ka ʻeleu o ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao kūkulu ʻākau i ka lā, e hele ana e hānai i ke kakahiaka nui a hoʻopau i ke ahiahi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: hilahila loa nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi - hiki iā lākou ke makaʻu i ke kaʻa e hele aʻe ana a i ʻole nā ʻohana pipi e hānai ana i nā kula.
Manu loa nā manu; ʻoi aku ka pinepine i kaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā:
- nā hua a me nā wana o nā mea kanu;
- nā aʻa palupalu;
- mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- pua me ka pollen ono;
- ʻikeke, ʻūhini, ʻūhini;
- larva ʻelima;
- koko, butterflies.
Makemake nā manu o nā ʻāpana ʻākau i ka meaʻai holoholona, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā ʻiole kula ʻōpio a me nā meheu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lakio o nā mea kanu i nā holoholona i ka papaʻai he 30 a 70 paha ka pākēneka.
ʻOkoʻa ko lākou ʻano i ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi mai nā wahi aniima mehana ke hāpai i ka nele i ka wai - noho mau lākou ma kahi o nā kahawai liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā loko iʻa. Loaʻa i nā manu o ka ʻĀkau ka hapa nui o kā lākou wai mai nā mea kanu a no laila ʻaʻole pono e hānai ʻia mai nā kumu wai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Little bustard ma Astrakhan
Terestrial wale nō nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai lākou lele lele maikaʻi. Holo mālie lākou, e holomua i ke ala, akā i nā manawa o ka weliweli hiki iā lākou ke holo wikiwiki me nā holomua. Ke hemo aku, hoʻopuka pinepine nā manu i kahi uē e like me ka ʻakaʻaka ʻana, a i ʻole ke ʻaʻoki; i ka wā o ka lele, hana pū lākou i nā leo ʻano. I ka wā o ka lele, lele lākou i nā ʻēheu me ka ikaika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: lele wikiwiki nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 80 km / h.
Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka nohona o ka bustard liʻiliʻi me kahi moa moa home. Hele lākou i ka mahinaʻai i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, nānā pinepine i hope i kahi walaʻau iki, akā kūlou ʻia ko lākou poʻo i ka honua e ʻike pono ai i ka meaʻai.
Mālama mau nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i nā mele a i ʻole pālua paha, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā lākou mai nā ʻano bustard. I ka wā hānau wale nō hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻauana ʻana o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i loko o nā hui liʻiliʻi, a hemo pū hoʻi ma hope o ka wā hānau.
Hilahila a manu ʻole nā manu. ʻOiai ko lākou ʻano teritori o ke ola (hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka i kekahi panalāʻau e hānai ai), ʻaʻole lākou e hakakā me kekahi, a pinepine hoʻi i nā palena o nā ʻāina.
Ke hoʻokokoke nei ka pilikia, hoʻopuka ka manu i kahi ʻano e ʻū a hemo. Akā ʻaʻole lele ʻeleu nā mea uuku - peʻe wale lākou i ka mauʻu kokoke a kali i ka mea ʻaihue e haʻalele, ua nalowale ke ala. ʻAʻole pili kēia ʻano i ka heluna kanaka liʻiliʻi ma ke ala ʻoi loa, ʻoiai loaʻa maʻalahi nā ʻīlio i nā manu i ka mauʻu.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: bustard maʻamau
Ua oʻo kolohe nā wahine i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, nā kāne i ka makahiki ʻelua. He monogamous nā pālua, ʻoiai lākou i hoʻokumu ʻia no ka wā ulu o nā moa wale nō. Hoʻomaka ka wā moena i ʻApelila, akā hiki mai paha ma hope inā ola ka manu i nā anuanu anuanu.
I ka wā o ka moena, pena ʻia ka ʻāʻī o ke kāne i nā kaha ʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo - kōkua ʻia kēia e ka molt wikiwiki. Hoʻomaka ke kāne e wili, ke kani nei me nā ʻeke kūikawā ma kona umauma - pehu iki lākou ke hīmeni ʻo ia. Koho nā kāne he wahine a, ʻo koʻuya, hoʻomaka e lele a lele i ko lākou mau ʻeheu i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, hoʻonui i ko lākou ʻāʻī a hoʻonui i ka hulu. Koho ka wahine i ke kāne āna e makemake nui ai e like me kāna hulahula a me ka nani o nā hulu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka ʻimi manu no ka wā o ka moʻo kekahi o nā mea maʻamau - i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, lele nā kāne i kahi hulahula ma kahi mamao loa mai ka honua, a lilo i mea maʻalahi.
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻolako i ka pūnana: ʻeli ʻo ia i kahi lua ma kahi o 10 cm ka hohonu a ma kahi o 20 cm ka laulā. A laila kau ʻo ia i nā hua he 3-5, kahi e noho paʻa ai ʻo ia no 3-4 mau pule. Inā make ka paʻa mua no kekahi kumu i loko o hoʻokahi pule, a laila hoʻomoe ka wahine i mau hua hou.
Ma kahi kokoke ke kāne, akā ʻaʻole hānai ʻo ia i ka wahine, no laila, i loko o ka manawa o ka incubation, ua lilo nui ke kaumaha. Inā kū kokoke nā mea hōkai, huki ke kāne iā lākou iho iā ia iho a lawe iā lākou mai kahi paʻa. Inā naʻe, i ka paʻa lima i ka paʻa, a laila ʻaʻole ʻae ka instinct i ka wahine e haʻalele i ka pūnana, no ka mea ua make ʻo ia.
Hoʻomaka ka moa hake mai nā lā mua e hāhai i ko lākou makuahine a hānai iā lākou iho. Noho kokoke ke kāne a hiki i ka lele piha ʻana o nā moa a hoʻomaka e lele - hoʻokahi mahina paha kēia. Noho pinepine nā keiki me ko lākou mau makuahine no ka hoʻoilo mua, a laila hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pahu liʻiliʻi
Kiʻi: Nā busters liʻiliʻi i ka lele
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona, hālāwai ka bustard liʻiliʻi i nā predators ʻokoʻa.
Ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau, eia kēia:
- ʻīlio hihiu, ʻīlio hae, ʻalopeke;
- nā kalaka a me nā ʻano pōpoki ʻāhiu;
- hyenas, mongooses;
- otter, martens;
- ferrets, weasels;
- nā koʻokoʻo nui e hōʻino ai i nā paʻa o ka bustard.
Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, hālāwai ʻo ka pōkā liʻiliʻi me kēia mau mea ʻaihue:
- fox arctic a me nā ʻano ʻalopeke ʻē aʻe;
- sable, marten, mink, i hoʻolauleʻa ʻia e nā manu ponoʻī a me kā lākou mau hua;
- lynx a me wolverine;
- hiki i nāʻiole, voles a me nā hedgehogs ke luku i nā pūnana manu.
Ke hui nei me ka mea ʻaihue, piʻi ka manu i ka lewa, e uē ana i ka uē. ʻAʻole maopopo ʻia ke kumu o ka uē ʻana o ka manu, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e noho hoʻokahi wale ana a ʻaʻohe o lākou mea e hoʻomaopopo e pili ana i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka pilikia. Manaʻo ʻia he maʻa mau ka maʻa mau i nā manu āpau o ka ʻohana bustard, me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou nohona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu liʻiliʻi
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Little bustard ma ka puke Red.
ʻO kona nalowale ʻana ma muli o nā kumu he nui:
- holomua hānai haʻahaʻa. Hoʻomoe pinepine nā manu i ʻelua mau hua i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, akā nui nā moa ʻaʻole e ola;
- kiʻekiʻe make o nā mākua mai nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe;
- ka hopu holoholona ākea no ka pahu liʻiliʻi i kona wā hānau;
- ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā māla a me nā steppe - ka nohona nui o ka pahu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi manu ke noho kokoke i kahi kanaka no ka makaʻu.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka heluna nui o ka poʻe bustard e kūleʻa nei i Sepania - ma kahi o 43,071 tausani kānaka. Ma kahi o 9 tausani mau kānaka e noho ana ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, ma kahi o 20 tausani mau kānaka i helu ʻia ma Kazakhstan i ka manawa o 2011.
I loko nō o ka nui o ka heluna, eia nō naʻe ke emi nui nei ka nui o nā pahu liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua. Ua nalowale loa ʻo Little bustard ma India, Romania a me Croatia, ʻoiai ua paʻa paʻa kona heluna kanaka i kēia mau ʻāina.
Mahalo nui ʻia ʻo Little bustard e nā mea ʻimi holoholona no kona ʻono, a i ka manawa o ka Lūkini Aupuni, ua hana ikaika ʻia ka ʻimi haʻuki ma luna ona. I kēia manawa ma ka mokuna o Rūsia e ʻimi no ka bustard liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau ʻia nei e nalo ka laha no kēia kumu.
Ke kiaʻi ʻana i nā pahu liʻiliʻi
Kiʻi: Little bustard mai ka Red Book
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea aʻe e like me nā ʻano pale no ka heluna kanaka liʻiliʻi.
- ke kāpae nei i ka ulu waiwai ʻana o ka mahiʻai ma nā wahi noho o ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻokele waiwai i kēia wahi e hoʻonui ai i ka pae o ka mīkini a me ka chemization, ke komo ʻana o nā waihona hana i ka holo ʻana, kahi mea o ka haunaele, ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu a nā manu e ʻai ai;
- ke hōʻoia nei i ka lele palekana o nā manu no ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai i ka wā o nā lele a me ka hoʻoilo e ʻeha nui lākou ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau a me ka ʻaihue.
- ke hoʻoikaika nei i ka pae o ka ʻōnaehana kaiapuni, e hoʻomohala ana i kahi hoʻolālā no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano olaola o nā kaiaolaola;
- ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kumu o ka loli ʻana i ka steppe a me nā biotopes pā - e kāpae ana i ke kanu ʻana i nā ululāʻau ma kahi o kahi maʻa mau, no ka mea e luku ana kēia i ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā pahu liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka papahana "Hoʻonui o ka ʻōnaehana o nā hana hoʻokele no nā wahi pale i ka biome steppe o Lūkia" e hāʻawi ai no ke aʻo ʻana i ka helu a me ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā manu, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā ʻano kaiapuni koʻikoʻi no lākou i nā wahi o ka moku ʻo Orenburg a me ka Repubalika o Kalmykia.
ʻO Bustard - manu nui no ke kaiaolaola o steppes a me nā māla. Mālama ʻo ia i kahi heluna o nā kolo, me nā mea e hōʻino i nā māla mahiʻai. ʻO ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea kolo a me ka luku ʻia o nā mea hōkai he nui. No laila, he mea nui e mālama pono i ka heluna kanaka o kēia manu manuahi a nani hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 07/14/2019
Lā hou: 09/25/2019 ma 18:36
