Asio otus a i ʻole pueo pepeiao loloa - kahi manu liʻiliʻi na ka ʻohana pueo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano e nā hulu hulu lōʻihi ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, ua like lākou me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā pueo o kēia lūlū kahi kala monochromatic. Noho nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi i nā ulu lāʻau, nā kope liʻiliʻi a me nā wahi paka o ke kūlanakauhale. Pili nā manu o kēia ʻano i nā manu neʻe; lele lākou i nā hui he 10 a ʻoi paha mau kānaka. He paʻakikī nā pueo pepeiao lōʻihi e hālāwai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lele nā pueo i ke ao, no ka pō lākou. ʻOkoʻa lākou mai nā pueo ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole wale i ka "pepeiao" hulu akā i ke ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka lawena.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao lōʻihi
Pueo pepeiao lōʻihi ʻo Asio otus. Pueo pueo. ʻO kahi ʻano o ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi. Laha pueo pepeiao lōʻihi lōʻihi. He kumu kahiko ko Owl. I ka hoʻomaka o ke au Cenozoic i ka Eocene, ua noho mua kēia mau manu i nā ululāʻau kahiko o ʻAmelika, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā mōʻalihaku o kēia mau manu i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻepekema. No nā moʻomeheu o kēia manawa nā manu he nui i make. Ua noho ka pueo pākeke i ka wā Miocene, ua ʻike ʻia ka pueo ʻaeto mai ka hopena o Eocene.
Wikiō: Owl pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi
He ʻokoʻa loa nā pueo kahiko mai nā manu o kēia manawa, ʻaʻole lākou he poʻe ʻaihue, a he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko lākou ʻano. I loko o nā makahiki o ka evolution, ua hoʻomohala nā manu o kēia ʻano i kā lākou ʻano hopu holoholona kikoʻī. ʻAʻole alualu nā pueo i kā lākou mea pio, e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe, akā e kiaʻi i kā lākou mea pio a lele wikiwiki iā ia. I kēia lā, he pūʻulu manu kaawale ka manu o ka pueo i nā mokulele āpau. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana, like nā pueo me nā kao, ka rickshaws a me nā ʻoka.
ʻO ka Asio otus species ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia e ka naturalist a me ka ʻepekema Suetena ʻo Karl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758. ʻO kēia ʻano he mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale i nā pueo pepeiao mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kēia laha. ʻO nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi ke haʻi aku i kahi iwi kuamoʻo; ʻo nā hulu kiʻekiʻe, i kapa ʻia he "pepeiao", ʻike ʻia ma ke poʻo o ka manu. ʻO nā pueo o kēia laha he hulu paʻa a paʻakikī hoʻi a me ke kala "marble" nani.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao manu
ʻAʻohe o nā kāne a me nā wahine o kēia laha i kahi ʻokoʻa kūwaho kūwaho. Nui ke poʻo o ka manu, poepoe. Melemele a ʻalani paha ka iris o nā maka. Hoʻopili ʻia ka maka o ka manu me nā hulu ʻeleʻele. He hulu ʻeleʻele paʻakikī ko ka pueo i ka nuku, māmā i ka wahi o ka aʻa. Aia nā hulu kinikini ma ka lae ma waena o nā pūkuniahi hulu.
Nui nā lālani o nā hulu ʻeleʻele a puni nā maka. ʻEkolu a ʻelima paha hulu brown nā pepeiao pepeiao, ma ka waho o ka hulu he kele ʻulaʻula. Ma ka ʻāʻī a hoʻi i ka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula ia, me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole hoʻohui ʻia nā kiko i hoʻokahi kumu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino o ka manu, ma kahi o 4 mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā hulu lele he 4 mau kiko ʻeleʻele ma nā pūnaewele a ma loko hoʻi.
Ua like ke kala o nā manu ʻōpio me nā mākua, ʻoi aku ka palupalu o ko lākou hulu. Kū kahi kiko ʻeleʻele i 7-10 mau kenimika mai ka pā o ka ʻēheu. ʻO ka ʻūheu o kahi pueo mākua he 87-100 cm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka manu i 32-40 cm. Ma kēia ʻano manu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine ma kahi o 1-5%. Ma waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa loa nā manu o nā ʻano wahine.
Lōʻihi a pōʻai nā ʻeheu o nā manu. Ma hope ke noho ka manu, aia nā hulu ma luna o kekahi. ʻOi ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o kēia pueo, a poepoe a he 12 hulu huelo. Kukui nā māiʻuʻu a me ka nuku. ʻOi ka nuku, poepoe. Hinahina nā kapuaʻi ma nā wāwae. Noho ka pueo pepeiao lōʻihi i kahi manawa lōʻihi; ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, hiki i kahi pueo ke ola a 25 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hoʻololi kahi pueo i kekahi mau lole i kona ola. Hoʻololi ʻia ka lole o lalo e ka mesoptile, a i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola, hoʻomaka nā plumage paʻa mau e hana. ʻO Owls molt i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi?
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi ma ka moku ʻo Moscow
ʻO ka nohona o ka pueo pepeiao lōʻihi he ākea loa. ʻO Eurasia kēia, Pinilana, Skandinavia Komohana. Ma ka hema ʻo Palesetina ia, ʻIrana, ka Pamir a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o Altai. ʻO ka pūnana pinepine ma nā mauna ʻo Nanypanya a ma ka hikina ʻo Tibet. A noho pū nō kekahi manu ma ʻAkiko Hema, Oklahoma, Virginia, Kaleponi ʻĀkau, Sekotia, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
Noho nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi ma nā mokupuni e like me ka Canary Islands, British, Azores, Japanese, a me ka Sicilian Peninsula. Loaʻa lākou i nā helu he nui ma Armenia, makemake lākou e noho i nā wahi mauna o ka Tien Shan, ma laila e makemake ai kēia mau manu i ka hoʻoilo. I nā kuahiwi hiki iā lākou ke noho ma kahi kiʻekiʻena a i 2 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
Ma Rūsia, hiki ke loaʻa nā manu o kēia ʻano i aneane ma ka ʻāina. Noho ʻo Owls ma nā ululāʻau nui ma nā wahi Perm, Orenburg, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Tula, Lipetsk, Oryol, Kursk a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia ma St. Petersburg a me kona wahi, noho mau kekahi mau manu i ka hoʻoilo.
Eia kekahi, noho ka pueo o kēia ʻano ma Caucasus, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Georgia. ʻO nā pueo pepeiao lōʻihi he manu neʻe lākou. Ua hōʻea kēia mau manu i ka waena waena o waena o Rūsia i ka hopena o Malaki - ʻApelila. I ke kauwela i Kepakemapa, lele nā pueo i nā ʻāina mehana no ka hoʻoilo. Pūnana pueo i nā ululāʻau, nā pāka, nāhelehele. Noho pinepine ʻia e nā pūnana kahiko o nā manu manu laka.
He aha ka ʻai o ka pueo pepeiao lōʻihi?
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao lōʻihi ma Lūkia
ʻO ka papaʻai pū kekahi:
- nāʻiole, voles a me nā meheu ʻē aʻe;
- nā manu passerine liʻiliʻi (yurok, goldfinch, sparrow, bindweed);
- nalo (Mei, beetles, barbel, beetles - det beetles, bear and others);
- ʻūlū liʻiliʻi, lāpaki;
- mole;
- ʻōʻā;
- ermines;
- nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa;
- nā rana a me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe.
I nā wahi ʻokoʻa, hiki i ka papaʻai ke ʻokoʻa loa, ma kahi e hiki ai i ka pueo ke hānai i kekahi mau koʻokoʻo, i nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻai nā manu i nā beetle a me nā kolo. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā pueo ke hoʻouka i nā manu nui aʻe - nā partridges, nā pheasants, a me nā rooks. I ka ʻai a ka pueo, he 10% paha ka nui o nā manu, ʻoi pinepine ka hānai ʻana o nā manu i nā koʻokoʻo, hiki iā lākou ke hana a 80% o ka papaʻai. Hoʻopiʻi hou ʻia nā ʻōpala ʻai i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia i ke ʻano o nā iwi, nā hulu a me nā hulu hipa e ka manu.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka biotype kahi e ola ai ka pueo a me kona noise, huli ka pueo i nā ʻano like ʻole. Ma nā ululāʻau, nānā ka pueo i kā lākou mea pio ma nā lālā lāʻau. Aia ka manu ma nā lālā 3-5 mau mika mai ka honua a ʻimi i kāna mea pio, e koho ana i kahi manawa e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai ka mea i hōʻino ʻia e kekahi mea, hoʻouka ikaika ka pueo iā ia. Ma nā wahi ākea, hoʻohana ka pueo i kahi lele no ka huli holoholona. Hoʻopuni mālie ka manu ma luna o ka honua a nānā i kahi mea e ʻai ai. Nānā ʻia ka nānā ʻana i ka pio mai ka honua. I nā pō mālie, ʻaʻohe makani, lele nā pueo i ka hapa nui, ma kahi kiʻekiʻena o 3 mau mika ma luna o ke kahua. Inā ua, a i ka wā makani, ʻimi nā manu mai ka noho ʻana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao manu
He manu pueo ka pueo. I ke ao, moe malū nā pueo pepeiao lōʻihi i ka wā e noho ana ma nā lālā, ʻoiai e hoʻāʻo nei e ʻike ʻole ʻia hūnā lākou i nā lau. I ka pō hele lākou i ka hopu holoholona. I ka pūnana ʻana, noho nā manu i nā pūnana ma kahi mamao ma kahi o 100 mau mika mai kēlā me kēia. I ka wā hoʻomaha ʻole, ʻākoakoa nā manu i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 5 a 60 mau kānaka. I ka lā, hiki ke noho i kēlā ʻano hipa e nā ulu lāʻau, a i ʻole conifers kiʻekiʻe. I loko o ia ʻano pūʻulu, manaʻo ʻoi aku ka palekana o nā manu a hiki ke hoʻomaha maʻalahi. I ke ahiahi, lele nā manu no ka hānai ʻana ma loko o ka hapalua hola ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. ʻAi pinepine aʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi e like me ka ʻekolu o ka paʻa o ka maka maka, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi i ka wā lele e pale aku ai i nā maka mai ka lepo a me nā piko, kekahi no ka blinking, a ʻo kekahi no ka hiamoe.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ka pueo pepeiao lōʻihi i nā kānaka, akā hiki ke hana me ka huhū inā hoʻopilikia ʻia, keu hoʻi i ka wā o ka pūnana. Inā ʻoe e hoʻokokoke i ka pueo, hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna a hulu i kona hulu, hiki ke nahu ke makemake ʻole e hoʻopā. He mālie nā manu, ʻaʻohe hakakā ma ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole pale ka manu i ko lākou ʻāina, ʻaʻole kūkulu i nā pūnana, akā noho i nā pūnana kahiko o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā pueo pepeiao lōʻihi he manu neʻe lākou. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou i nā wahi like. Haʻalele nā manu no ka hoʻoilo i ka hopena o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa. Hoʻi lākou i ko lākou wahi maʻamau i ka hopena o Malaki - ʻApelila, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke aniau, ʻokoʻa iki paha nā lā.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Nani o kahi pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi
Hoʻomaka ka wā lūlū no nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi i Malaki a i ka mua o ʻApelila. I ka wā o ka pūnana ʻana, hana nā manu i kahi ala kūikawā, hoʻopuka lākou i kahi kāhea leʻaleʻa "gu-gu-guu" i kēia ʻelima mau kekona. Kāhea nā manu i kā lākou hoa i ka lele moena me ka uē, hele pū me ka lele ʻana o nā ʻeheu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi i ka homeliness, ʻaʻole lākou e kūkulu i nā pūnana, akā noho i nā pūnana o nā ʻalalā, nā ʻūlū a me nā ʻoka. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka masonry ma ka honua i waena o ka mauʻu. Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka pūnana no hoʻokahi kau, no ka hānau wale ʻana.
Hiki i kahi manu o kēia līlū ke waiho mai 3 a 9 mau hua i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua manu i nā manawa he mau lā. Hoʻokomo ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka paʻa e hoʻokahi wahine. I ka wā o ka incubation, lele ka wahine mai ka pūnana i ka pō 5-8 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia pō i mea e loaʻa ai nā meaʻai nāna. Huli mau ka wahine i nā hua, huli ka manu i nā hua he 40 mau manawa i ka lā, no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia. Hoʻopiʻi nā Chicks ma hope o 25-28 mau lā. ʻO ka hatching ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule, hānau ʻia nā pī hope loa ma hope o ka paʻa hope loa.
Hānau ʻia nā Chicks me ke kaumaha o ke kino o 14-21 gram. Uhi ʻia nā owlets liʻiliʻi me ka keʻokeʻo i lalo, makapō a kōkua ʻole loa lākou. Hoʻokani lākou i ke kani a me ke kani ʻana. Wehe nā maka o Owlets i ka lā hā o ke ola. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā moa mai nā paʻa mua, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua loaʻa nā kaikaina i nā mea nui. Ma ka hopena o ka mahina mua o ke ola, kū ka ulu o ka manu. Lilo like kahi pueo ʻōpio i kahi manu makua, ʻokoʻa wale nō i ka plumage. E hoʻopau kokoke ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōmole i 50 mau lā o kou mau makahiki.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki, hoʻomehana ka wahine iā lākou, a me lākou pū me lākou i nā manawa āpau. Lawe ke kāne i ka meaʻai i ka ʻohana. I ke ao, hoʻomaha ke kāne a me ka wahine kokoke i ka pūnana. Inā hoʻokokoke kahi kanaka i ka pūnana, hoʻomaka nā manu e kipaku iā ia ma ke kaniʻuhū ʻana. I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i ke kanaka. Hoʻomaka ʻo Owlets e haʻalele i ka pūnana ma ka hopena o ka malama mua o ke ola, hoʻomaka lākou e lele i nā kumulāʻau pili. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia makahiki, ʻaʻole hiki i nā moa ke loaʻa ka meaʻai, a hānai nā mākua iā lākou. I ka hebedoma he 10 o ka makahiki, haʻalele ka moa i ka pūnana me ke aʻo ʻole e lele. Hiki i nā manu ke oʻo makua i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka moa pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi. E nānā kākou i ka mea e ʻimi manu nei?
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao lōʻihi
He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe ko nā pueo mākua. ʻO kēia ka nui o nā manu o nā pio. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hoʻouka ʻia nā pueo pepeiao lōʻihi e ko lākou ʻohana ponoʻī, ka pueo a me nā pueo aeto. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā hawks a me nā falcons ke hoʻouka, akā aia wale kēia i ke ao a inā ua hōʻike ka manu ponoʻī i ka impudence. ʻO ke kumu, ke ana a me ka mālie ke ola o kēia ʻano manu, mālama nā manu i nā hipa i ka wā o ka pūnana ʻole ʻana, a ʻaʻole hoʻouka iki iā lākou. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā pūnana e martens a me nā ermines. Hiki i nā pōpoki ke piʻi i ka pūnana kokoke i ka nohona kanaka. ʻO ka nui o nā manu ʻōpio ʻike ʻole a me nā moa liʻiliʻi e ʻeha i nā hoʻouka. A make pū kekahi mau manu ʻōpio i nā wā lele lōʻihi i ka hoʻoilo, a hoʻi i hope.
ʻO nā maʻi nui i kū i nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi nā maʻi parasite.
I ka ihu o nā pueo, noho mau kēlā ʻano ʻika e like me:
- Rh. bricinboricus Btc.;
- ʻO Sternastoma strigitis Btk.;
- Rhinoecius oti Cooreman.
Pēlā pū kekahi pueo e nā ʻelau o ka lāhui Ceratophillus gallinae a me kekahi mau mea kolo ʻē aʻe. I nā kumu e hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka heluna kanaka o kēia laha ka wao nahele, ke ulu kino nei ke ʻano kaiaola i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Make pinepine nā Chicks i nā makahiki i kapa ʻia ʻo "mau makahiki pōloli" ke hiki ʻole i nā mākua ke hānai i kā lākou keiki. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia i nā makahiki ke piʻi ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻiole kula, hānau hou ʻia he pueo, a hoʻonui ʻia ka likelihood e ola nā moa āpau ʻoiai ʻo nāʻiole ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa no kēia mau manu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pueo pepeiao lōʻihi i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi kekahi o nā ʻano lehulehu loa e noho ana i ka nui o ko mākou ʻāina. Loaʻa nā pueo o kēia ʻano i nā wahi āpau; hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i ka nahele, pāka, a i loko o kā lākou māla ponoʻī. Ma ka awelika, ma kahi o ʻehiku mau moa o kēia mau manu i hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi o 120 hectares. Ma waho o 38 mau mālama i ko mākou ʻāina, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano pueo i 36, ua ʻike ʻia ka pūnana holomua i nā waihona he 24.
Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka helu o nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi ma ʻEulopa penei: ʻO Britain Nui a me ʻIlani - mai ka 5 a i ka 7,000 mau pālua. Palani mai 2 a 8,000 mau pālua, Pelekiuma ma kahi o 7000 mau pālua, ʻo Finilana ma kahi o 2 tausani mau hui, ʻo Suedena ma kahi o 10 tausani mau pālua I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi iho ka heluna o nā manu o kēia ʻano i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa; i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Michigan, ua lawe ʻia kēia ʻano ma lalo o ka pale, a aia ia ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka heluna o nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi ma Minnesota, Kaleponi, a me New Jersey. ʻAʻole makemake paha nā manu i kēia wahi i kēia manawa, a neʻe wale nā manu, no ka mea paʻakikī loa ke alualu ʻana i kā lākou helu. I nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole pilikia kēia ʻano.
I ko mākou ʻāina, nui ka ʻano Asio otus a ʻaʻole pono ka palekana kūikawā, akā pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi manu ʻana, e like me nā manu āpau o ka ʻulu pueo i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO ka make ʻana ma waena o nā manu o kēia laha e hāʻule ma nā moa o ka makahiki mua o ke ola, ma kahi o 52% o ka nui make o nā manu.
Pueo pepeiao Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia manu manuahi a nani hoʻi e nā leo nani, nā leo mele e hele mai ana mai nā ululāʻau a me nā ulu ulu i ka pō. ʻAʻole makemake ʻia e hoʻokokoke i nā manu a hoʻopā i ko lākou pūnana ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ka poʻe. I ka noho pio ʻana, ola lōʻihi kēia mau manu no ka mea ua komo ʻole lākou i ka hiki i ka meaʻai.
Lā paʻi: 07/14/2019
Lā hou: 25.09.2019 ma 17:38
