Manu liʻiliʻi ʻahuʻula kamaaina i ka poʻe he nui me he "moa wai". ʻAʻole kāhea ka poʻe iā ia no ka mea ʻole, no ka mea, ʻo ke ʻano o kēia hulu liʻiliʻi e like me ka moa manu. Kūlike ʻole i nā ʻano kūwaho a pau o ka coot, manaʻo nui ia i nā puʻu ʻohe hūnā, e ʻauʻau wikiwiki ana a me ka luʻu ʻana me ka dexterous. E noʻonoʻo kikoʻī i ke ʻano o ke ola o kēia mau manu, wehewehe i ka helehelena, ʻano i ke ʻano a me nā ʻano manu.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Lysuha
Kapa ʻia ka kapa komo ʻo ka ʻōhule, he moa wai liʻiliʻi ia na ka ʻohana kahu hipa a me ke ʻano manuʻali. I ka helehelena, ʻaʻole like ke ʻano o ka pālule me kahi manu wai, keu hoʻi ke ʻike ʻoe ma waho o ka wai. Hoʻomanaʻo hou kona nuku ʻoiʻoi o ka nuku o ka moa, ʻaʻole nānā ʻia nā membrane ma kāna mau wāwae, makemake ʻo ia e holo aku mai ka hoʻoweliweli, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e lele me ka makemake ʻole, he aha ka moa?
Eia kekahi, he inoa kapakapa'ē aʻe ko ka coot, ua kapa ʻia ʻo:
- ʻeleʻele ka wai ma muli o ke kala ʻeleʻele a me ke ʻano o ka nuku;
- he kahu hānai no kāna ʻohana kahu hipa;
- e kahi luna ma muli o ke ʻano he ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ʻoihana;
- loona ʻeleʻele ma muli o ka like o nā ʻano a me ke kala;
- i ka laulā o ka moku ʻo Volga Lalo a me Kazakhstan, ua kapa ʻia kēia manu ʻo kashkaldak, a ma Turkmenistan a me Caucasus - kachkaldak.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui loa o ka pale, i lawelawe ʻia e like me kona inoa, ʻo ke kū ʻana o kahi kiko keʻokeʻo (i kekahi manawa kala) ma ke poʻo, kahi e hui pū me ke kala o ka nuku. E like me nā ʻohana kahu hipa kokoke loa o ka coot, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa kēia manu i kona nui a koho i nā wahi no ka noho paʻa kokoke i nā loko a me nā kahawai. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻike ka ʻepekema i 11 mau ʻano coots, 8 o lākou i noho ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema. I ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o kēia mau manu e ola nei - ka lole komo maʻamau, nona ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele hina o ka hulu a me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke poʻo, a huli ʻoluʻolu i nuku o ke kala like.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā ana o nā coots ma waena o ka nui, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino mai 35 a 40 knm, ʻoiai aia nā coots o nā nui hou aʻe. Ma waena o lākou, hiki i kekahi ke kapa i ka coot hihi a me ka pilikua, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 60 knm. ʻO ka nui o nā kahu hipa i pena ʻia ʻeleʻele, akā ʻo ka leo o kahi ʻili i ka lae ʻaʻole hiki ke keʻokeʻo wale nō, he melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula nā kiko o nā manu ʻAmelika Hema. (i nā pale ʻulaʻula ʻaoʻao ʻulaʻula a me keʻokeʻo).
He mea hoihoi: he hanana kū hoʻokahi ko nā lālā manu e ʻae iā lākou e ʻauʻau a hele wāwae maikaʻi i ka lepo lepo a viscous o nā waihona. Mālama ʻia kēia e nā pahi ʻauʻau kūikawā, i loaʻa ma nā wāwae ikaika a ikaika hoʻi.
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā lālā i nā coots he ʻano ʻokoʻa ia: hiki i lākou ke ʻalani melemele a i ʻole ka ʻalani ʻalani, ʻeleʻele nā manamana lima, a keʻokeʻo nā pahi i nā mea keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole lōʻihi nā ʻēheu o Bald, ʻaʻole lele pinepine, a ʻoiai, me ka makemake nui ʻole, makemake e alakaʻi i kahi ola sedentary. Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i waena o lākou, ʻo nā ʻano e noho ana ma ka hemisphere ʻākau he neʻe, no laila hiki iā lākou ke lele lōʻihi. He palupalu nā hulu o ka hapanui o nā ʻano, a keʻokeʻo ka undertail.
Video: Lysuha
Ke ulu nei ka hale lole maʻamau i ko mākou ʻāina i ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o 38 cm, a kaupaona e pili ana i kahi kilokilo, ʻoiai aia kekahi poʻe i hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokika. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula nā maka o kēia kapa komo, a melemele-ʻalani nā wāwae a me nā manamana wāwae hina elongated. Kūlike ka nuku keʻokeʻo i ke kala o ka plake mua; he ʻano waena ia, akā ʻoi a ʻiʻī ʻia i hope. ʻAʻole maʻalahi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kāne mai nā wahine. Nui aʻe lākou, akā ʻaʻole nui. ʻIke ʻia ʻoi aku ka ākea o ka wahi alo keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele ke kala o nā hulu. ʻO nā pulu ʻōpio i nā coots ʻeleʻele, a ʻōpū hina ka ʻōpū a me ka puʻu.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pālule?
Kiʻi: Coot ma Lūkia
He ākea loa ka nohona o nā coots, ʻike ʻia lākou i nā wahi like ʻole o kā mākou honua, e noho nei i nā wahi.
- Nuhōlani;
- ʻEulopa;
- ʻApelika ʻĀkau;
- ʻAmelika Hema;
- Aotearoa;
- Pāpua Nūkini.
Ua pālahalaha nā manu ma nā panalāʻau mai ʻAkelanika a hiki i ka Moana Pākīpika. Ma ʻEulopa, ua koho lākou iā Nolewai, Kuekene, Pinilana. Ma Scandinavia a ʻaʻole loaʻa iki kahi ʻākau ma ka ʻākau. Ma nā helu liʻiliʻi loa lākou e noho ai i nā mokupuni ʻo Faroe, Labrador a me Iceland. Ma Asia, ua aʻa ka manu i nā panalāʻau o Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, Bangladesh, India. Ma ka ʻĀpana ʻApelika, makemake ʻo ia e noho ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau.
Ma Rūsia, noho ka ʻahuʻula i nā ʻāina Perm a me Kirov, ka Karelian Isthmus. Nui ka nui o nā manu i makemake iā Siberia. ʻAʻole hele hohonu nā kapa i ka taiga, akā ua noho maikaʻi lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Siberia, e noho ana ma nā wahi kokoke i nā kino wai. Ma ka Hikina hikina a me Sakhalin, noho nā manu i nā kahakai o ka Amur.
Mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā palena kikoʻī o ka mahele o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā coots, no ka mea ʻaʻole makemake nā manu i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi, ma ke ala hiki iā lākou ke koho i kahi mokupuni a lākou e makemake ai i ke kai a hoʻopaʻa inoa ma laila mau loa, inā ʻae ʻia nā ʻano o ke aniau.
Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā pale e noho ana i nā wahi me kahi aniana mehana, he manawa pōkole wale nō. Mai waena o ʻEulopa a me ka hikina, neʻe nā manu i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. Holo kekahi i ka ʻāina ʻApelika, ʻo kekahi i nā palena komohana o ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, Suria. Kuleke. Lele nā pale e noho ana i Rukia i India no ka hoʻoilo. Noho ʻo Coots ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai hou a paʻakai liʻiliʻi hoʻi, e noho ana i nā delta a me nā kahawai o nā kahawai, nā loko, nā wai wai wai.
Makemake nā manu e pūnana i loko o ka wai papau, ʻaʻole lākou makemake i nā au kolohe, koho lākou i nā wahi ulu me nā mea kanu:
- ʻohe;
- ʻohe;
- cattail;
- ʻūmiʻi.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻahu?
Kiʻi: ʻotlapa Coot
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā papaʻaina nā kīʻaha o nā kumu kanu. ʻAi ʻoliʻoli lākou i nā lau o nā ʻano wai ma lalo a me nā kahakai, ʻai i nā ʻanoʻano, nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōpio, nā huaʻai, nā limu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, kuʻi ke poʻo i kona poʻo i loko o ka wai a hiki paha ke luʻu, i ka hele ʻana i kahi hohonu o ʻelua mau mika.
Makemake nā pālule e ʻai:
- hoʻohiehie;
- pepeiaohao;
- ʻohe ʻōpio;
- pinnate;
- kau;
- nā limu āpau.
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka meaʻai holoholona i ka papa moa, akā he ʻumi pākēneka wale nō ia o ka nui o nā meaʻai.
I kekahi manawa ʻai nā coots:
- nā pepelu like ʻole;
- iʻa liʻiliʻi;
- pūpū;
- palai;
- caviar iʻa.
Hana ʻia nā coots i nā hoʻouka manuahi ma nā pūnaewele pūnana o nā manu ʻē aʻe i mea e ʻahaʻaina ai i kā lākou mau hua, akā ʻaʻole pinepine kēia. Hana ʻo Coots i nā hoʻokūkū ʻai o nā ʻāhiu hihiu, swan, drakes, no ka mea noho i nā biotopes like a loaʻa nā makemake ʻono like. ʻO ka pinepine he paio ma waena o lākou ma ke kumu o ka meaʻai.
Mea hoihoi: ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale ma mua o ka swan, lawe nui ia i ka meaʻai mai iā ia a me ka ʻāhiu ʻāhiu, i kekahi manawa kalepa ʻo ia i ka ʻaihue. Hiki iā Sly coots ke kuʻikahi me nā drakes e hana pū i nā pato a me nā swans. ʻO ka mea hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke hana no ka tidbit.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: moa wai moa
Ke hana nei nā pale lole, no ka hapa nui, i ka lā. I ka puna wale nō hiki iā lākou ke noho ala i ka pō, a i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i ke kau makemake lākou e neʻe a puni ka pō ʻana. Aia lākou i ka wai no ka liona o ko lākou ola manu, no laila ke ʻau maikaʻi nei lākou, ʻo ia ka mea ʻokoʻa i ko lākou ʻohana kahu. Ma ka honua, nānā lākou i kahi ʻano pīhoihoi, ke neʻe lākou, hoʻokiʻekiʻe lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae wāwae a kiʻekiʻe. I ka wāʻauʻau, hoʻoluliluli ke kapa komo i kona poʻo, a laila e kīloi ana, a laila kaomi ʻana i kona ʻāʻī. Aia ka huelo i lalo o ka wai.
Ke lohe ka manu i kahi hoʻoweliweli, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e luʻu hohonu a i ʻole lurk i nā nāhelehele ʻohe, akā inā ʻo ka weliweli ʻaʻole hoʻomaka iki ka lele ʻana, ʻaʻole wikiwiki kēia mau manu e lele lele pono ʻole. Inā pono ʻoe e hana i kēia, a laila holo nā manu he ʻewalu mau mika holo i luna o ka wai, a laila hemo koke. Me he mea lā ke lele nei ka palule a ʻaʻole makemake nui. ʻAʻole maopopo iā ia pehea e hoʻokele ai i ka lele, akā ke loaʻa nei iā ia ka wikiwiki kūpono. ʻAʻole hele pinepine ka manu hulu i uka, akā piʻi pinepine i nā hummocks kahakai, kahi e hoʻonohonoho ai i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā hulu.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā coots hilinaʻi loa a ʻano naive iki, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻeha mau ai nā manu, no ka mea e hoʻokokoke i nā poʻe a me nā mea ʻino iā lākou. Ma ka laulaha, he ʻano ola a wiwo ʻole hoʻi kēia manu maluhia, no ka mea, komo i loko o kahi hakakā kūlike ʻole me nā swans inā aia kahi pīʻaha ʻono ke kau ʻia. ʻO ka hoihoi o ka pōā i loko o nā pale, no ka mea i kekahi manawa hele lākou āpau, e hōʻino ana i nā pūnana o haʻi a ʻaihue i nā meaʻai mai ko lākou mau hoalauna hulu (swans and duck).
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ke kau, neʻe nā manu i ka pō i kekahi manawa wale nō, i kekahi manawa i nā ʻohana hipa liʻiliʻi. I ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi hoʻoilo, ʻākoakoa nā ʻahuʻula i nā hui nui, a hiki i ka nui o nā manu ke nui he haneli.
He mea hoihoi: he ʻano chaotic a huikau hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia o nā pale. ʻO kahi laʻana, lele manu nā manu e noho ana i ka ʻāina like i ke komohana o ʻEulopa, a ʻo kekahi ʻāpana i ʻApelika a i ka Hikina Waena paha.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: nā moa Coot
Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Coots he mau manu monogamous e hana i nā ʻohana pili lōʻihi. ʻAʻole i wehewehe pono ʻia ka wā hānau ma nā coot sedentary, hiki ke hana i nā manawa like ʻole, pili ia i ke anilā a me ka loaʻa o nā kumuwaiwai no nā wahi noho. No nā manu neʻe, hoʻomaka koke ke kau male ma hope o ko lākou hoʻi ʻana mai kā lākou wahi hoʻoilo. Lohe a walaʻau ʻia ma ka wai i kēia wā mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau, nā kaua o nā keonimana huluhulu e hana pinepine ʻia, no ka mea lili nui nā mea āpau i ko lākou kuko.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo nā pāʻani male ka mea maʻamau no nā coots, kahi e hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai nā ballet hōʻike ma ka wai. Neʻe aku ka wahine male a kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai lākou e uwa nui ana. Ke ʻau kokoke aku ana, hoʻomaka ka manu e hoʻopuehu hou a neʻe pū paha, e pili ana kekahi me nā ʻēheu o lākou.
Hoʻokomo nā coots maʻamau ma ka wai i ka nāhe ʻohe a ʻohe paha. Kūkulu ʻia ka pūnana mai ka ululāʻau maloʻo o ka makahiki i hala a me nā lau, me he mea lā he puʻu mauʻu mauʻu ia. Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻano ʻelua: ma ka papakū o lalo a i ʻole nā mea kanu wai. I loko o ke kau, hiki i ka wahine ke hana i ʻekolu mau paʻa, i hiki ke helu ʻia i nā hua he 16, i loaʻa i ka hue one-hina a uhi ʻia me nā kiko burgundy. ʻIke ʻia aia mau nā hua i ka paʻa mua ma mua o ke koena. ʻO ka manawa hoʻonāukiuki e mau ana ma 22 mau lā, a ʻo nā wahine a me nā makuakāne e hiki mai ana e komo i ka hana incubation. ʻOiai ke kali nei no kahi keiki, lilo ka ʻohana coot i mea hakakā loa a kiaʻi pono i ka pūnaewele pūnana.
Kupaianaha nā pēpē i hānau ʻia a ʻano like me nā ʻāpiki ʻino. Ua hoʻomalu ʻia ko lākou plumage e ke kala ʻeleʻele, a he ʻulaʻula ʻalani ka nuku, ma kahi o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka fluff o ke kani like me ka nuku. I loko o hoʻokahi lā, hele aku nā pēpē mai kā lākou pūnana mai, e hāhai ana i nā mākua. No ʻelua pule, hānai kahi makuahine a makua kāne mālama i kā lāua keiki kōkua ʻole a aʻo iā lākou i nā mākau koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā mākua maʻalahi i ka pō e hoʻomehana i nā moa me ko lākou kino a pale iā lākou mai nā poʻe makemake ʻole.
I ka makahiki 9 a 11 mau pule, loaʻa ke kūʻokoʻa i nā holoholona ʻōpio a hoʻomaka i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hipa, e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka lele i nā wahi mehana. Ua oʻo makua i nā moekolohe i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wā pūnana i nā coot oʻo, hoʻomaka ka hana molt, hiki ʻole i nā manu ke lele a noho i nā ʻohe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: nā pilikua nunui a me nā pepeiaohao, e noho ana i nā ʻāina tropika, e hoʻolako i nā wahi pūnana nui. I ka pilikua, ʻano like ia me ka peʻa lana lana, me ke anawaena o ʻehā mau mika a me ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 60 cm. Ke kūkulu nei ka manu pepeia kani i ka pūnana e hoʻohana ana i nā pōhaku e hiki iā ia ke ʻōwili me kona nuku. ʻO ka nui o ia ʻano hana i hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa o nā tona.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā coots
Kiʻi: Manu Coot
Ke kali nei nā pilikia he nui i nā pale ma nā ʻano hihiu ʻino. ʻAʻole hiamoe nā manu lele a hana i nā lele lele, ʻo ka hapanui ma nā moa a me nā ʻōpio ʻike ʻole.
Mai ka lewa, hiki mai ka pilikia mai:
- nā aeto;
- nā mea hoʻopukapuka;
- nā ʻulelau hoʻohei;
- kanahā;
- manu koraka;
- peregrine falcons;
- pueo aeto.
Ma waho aʻe o nā manu kolo, hiki i ka pā lole ke ʻeha i nā alopeke, nā puaʻa hihiu, nā mink, nā ferrets, nā muskrats, nā otters. ʻAi pinepine nā ʻalopeke a me nā puaʻa hihiu i nā hua manu, a ʻo ka mea hope loa e hele i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, e ʻimi nei i nā pūʻā manu he nui.
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā pōʻino kūlohelohe like ʻole i nā kumu maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopili maikaʻi i ke ola o nā manu. Hoʻopili kēia i nā hau i hala a me ka ua nui. Kūpilikiʻi ʻo Frost i ka lālau moa mua, i hana ʻia i ka mua o ka puna. Hiki i nā ua kahe i nā pūnana ma luna o ka wai. No laila, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā hua a palekana a me ke kani, ʻaʻole ia he hana maʻalahi.
ʻO ka ʻenemi o ka coot kekahi kanaka nāna e hoʻomāinoino i nā manu me ka makaʻu ʻole, e hoʻouka nei i nā wahi o kā lākou paʻa mau ʻana a me ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i nā kino o ka wai, a me ka noʻonoʻo pono, e ʻimi nei i kēia mau manu, no ka mea ʻono loa kā lākou ʻai. I ka wā o kahi kūlana weliweli, hiki i ka lole lole ke lele i luna o ka wai, pā i kona ʻaoʻao me nā ʻeheu a me nā lālā, a hiki i ka hana ʻana o nā kaha ikaika. I kēia manawa, hahau ka manu i ka ʻenemi me nā ʻūlū ikaika a i ʻole ka nuku. I kekahi manawa, ke ʻike nei i kahi ʻenemi, nā coots e pūnana ana ma kahi kokoke, e hoʻohui a hoʻouka i ka mea komo hewa me kahi hui holoʻokoʻa, a he ʻewalu paha manu i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ua ana ʻia ke ʻano i kahi lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana no nā coots, aia wale nō i nā ʻano kūlohelohe paʻakikī ʻaʻole ola nā manu a ʻelemakule, no ka mea ma ke ala he nui nā ʻenemi a me nā mea keakea. ʻO nā kānaka ʻepekema, e hoʻohana ana i ke ʻano o ke kani, ua ʻike he hiki i nā pale ke ola i 18 mau makahiki, ʻo ia ka makahiki o ka mea kahiko, i hopu ʻia, a me nā ake-hulu lōʻihi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu Coot
ʻO ka heluna kanaka o nā coots maʻamau he nui loa, a ʻo kahi o kā lākou noho ʻana. Me he mea lā, pili kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā manu e momona a maʻalahi hoʻi i nā wahi hou. ʻAʻole hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia kēia manu i ka helu o nā manu laha ʻole, loaʻa pinepine ʻia ia. Ma ka laulaha, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole nā ʻano coots i hopohopo i waena o nā ʻoihana mālama, ʻoiai kūpaʻa kā lākou helu a ʻaʻole ʻaneʻapo.
Noho ʻo Coots kokoke i nā wahi āpau o kā mākou honua, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia i nā wahi puni a me nā polar. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau helu anthropogenic maikaʻi ʻole e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka lehulehu. Hoʻopili kēia i ka ninini ʻana o nā waihona wai, ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ulu ʻohe, ka hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻana o nā manu e ka poʻe e noho ana i nā panalāʻau he nui no kā lākou pono ponoʻī, ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kūlana kaiaola, a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia mau manu kupaianaha. Hana ʻia kēia mau hana maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou hopena ikaika a ʻike ʻia ma ka helu o nā coots, kahi mea e paipai nui ai.
No laila, ʻo nā coot maʻamau he mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana kahu hipa, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia i ka make, a ʻaʻole pono kēia mau manu i nā hana pale kūikawā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hauʻoli ʻO ka mea nui ʻo ia kahi ʻano maikaʻi e pili ana i ka nui o ka nui manu e hoʻomau i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I ka hopena, hoʻomau ia e hoʻohui i kēlā, i waena o nā moa wai ʻē aʻe, ʻahuʻula ʻano ʻokoʻa ke nānā aku, ʻaʻohe ona hiʻohiʻona kūwaho no ke ola ma ka wai.Me kēia mau mea āpau, ua loli kūpono lākou i kēia ola a manaʻo nui aʻe i ka papa o ka wai ma mua o ka lewa, kahi hoihoi a pūʻiwa hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 11.07.2019
Lā hou: 07/05/2020 ma 11:19
