Hānai hauʻoli ʻia kēia punawelewele nunui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka goliath tarantula (ka nui o ka poho o ke kāne) nani, fluffy, unpretentious a hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka pio.
Ka wehewehe o ka goliath tarantula
ʻO ka punawelewele nui ʻo migalomorphic, Theraphosa blondi, he ʻohana nui Theraphosidae (mai ka ʻaoʻao Orthognatha suborder) ma kahi o 800 mau ʻano. ʻO Maria Sibylla Merian ka huaʻōlelo "spider tarantula" i haku ʻia e kahi mea pena kiʻi holoholona Kelemania i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kahi moʻo o kāna paʻi paʻi ʻana i kahi punawelewele nui ma kahi hummingbird.
ʻO kāna hana "Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium" me nā kaha kiʻi o kahi monster arachnid i hōʻike ʻia i ka lehulehu i ka makahiki 1705, akā hoʻokahi kenekulia wale nō ma hope (i 1804) ua loaʻa iā Theraphosa blondi kahi wehewehe ʻepekema mai ka entomologist Palani ʻo Pierre André Latreil.
Helehelena
E like me nā punawelewele ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kino o ka goliath tarantula he ʻelua mau ʻāpana i hoʻohui ʻia e kahi pahu kūikawā - ka cephalothorax a me ka ʻōpū nui. Ma kahi o 20-30% o ka leo o ka cephalothorax hāʻule ma ka lolo. ʻO ka pale kaua dorsal o kahi nananana goliath o ka laulā a me ka lōʻihi like.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cephalothorax e kahi ʻūlū i nā ʻāpana ʻelua, ka cephalic a me ka thoracic, a ʻo ka mea mua i lako me 2 paʻa o nā lālā. ʻO kēia nā chelicerae, me kahi ʻāpana mānoanoa hoʻokahi me kahi māiʻuʻu e neʻe ʻia (ma lalo o kona wēlau e wehe ana no ka puka wai) a me nā pedipalps, i māhele ʻia i ʻāpana.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka waha no ka omo ʻana i nā mea palupalu, aia ma ka piko o ka tubercle ma waena o ka chelicerae. Hoʻopili ʻehā mau wāwae o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana 7, pili pono i ka cephalothorax, ma hope o nā pedipalps. Ua pena ʻia ka taroliula goliath me ke kaohi, i nā ʻano ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha, akā ʻike ʻia nā kaha māmā ma nā wāwae, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i kekahi ʻāpana mai kekahi.
Hoihoi. He lauoho lauoho Theraphosa blondi - uhi nā lauoho lōʻihi ʻaʻole wale i nā lālā, akā ʻo ka ʻōpū hoʻi, nā lauoho ʻōniu e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale. Hui ka nananana iā lākou me kona wāwae hope i ka ʻenemi.
Hana nā lauoho e like me ka gas waimaka, e hana ana i ka aniani, nā maka ʻū, pehu a me ka nāwaliwali maʻamau. Make pinepine nā holoholona liʻiliʻi (rodents), hoʻi i mua nā mea nui. I nā kānaka, hiki i nā lauoho ke hoʻonāukiuki i nā maʻi āpau, a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ka ʻike inā komo lākou i nā maka.
Hoʻohui, nā lauoho e ʻohi i nā haʻalulu liʻiliʻi o ka lewa / lepo e pani i ka punawelewele (me ka ʻole o nā pepeiao mai ka hānau ʻana) no ka hoʻolohe ʻana, pā a me ka ʻono. ʻAʻole ʻike ka nananana pehea e ʻike ai i ka ʻono me ka waha - nā lauoho koʻikoʻi ma nā wāwae "hōʻike" iā ia e pili ana i ka pono o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia. Eia kekahi, lilo ka lauoho i mea hana i ka ulana ʻana i kahi pūnaewele i kahi pūnana.
Nā Ana o ka nananana goliath
Manaʻo ʻia e ulu ana kahi kāne makua a 4-8.5 cm (me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā lālā), a me kahi wahine - a hiki i 7-10.4 cm. Ulu ʻo Chelicerae ma ka awelika a 1.5-2 cm. 30 knm, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka 15-20 knm. ʻO nā ʻōkuhi nui o nā moʻoʻōlelo no Theraphosa blondi wahine, nona ka paona pinepine i 150-170 mau gram. ʻO ia kahi hiʻohiʻona me kahi kīwī o 28 cm, i hopu ʻia ma Venezuela (1965), i komo i loko o ka Guinness Book of Records.
Ka nohona ola, hana
He wahi pilikino kā kēlā me kēia goliath tarantula, nona ka wahi i helu ʻia he mau mika mai ka puʻuhonua. ʻAʻole makemake nā punawelewele e haʻalele i ka lua a no kahi manawa lōʻihi, no laila e hoʻāʻo lākou e alualu kokoke e huki koke ai i kā lākou mea pio i loko o ka hale.
ʻO nā lua hohonu o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe he puʻuhonua, ʻo nā mea nona nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e make i nā hakakā me nā spider goliath, i ka manawa like e hoʻokuʻu ai iā lākou i kahi noho.
Hoʻopaʻa ka punawelewele i ka puka o ka lua me kahi pūnaewele, i ka manawa like e hoʻopili paʻa ana i nā paia me ia. ʻAʻole pono ʻo ia i ka mālamalama, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻike maikaʻi. Noho nā wahine i ka lua no ka hapa nui o ka lā, e waiho ana iā ia i ka hopu holoholona ʻana i ka pō a i ʻole i ka wā hānau.
ʻO ka hana ʻana me nā mea ola, lawe nā spider tarantula i nā chelicerae ʻawahia (ma ke ala, maʻalahi lākou e hou i ka poho kanaka). Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Chelicerae i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻenemi e pili ana i kahi hoʻouka kaua i hoʻolālā ʻia: hamo ka nananana iā lākou i kekahi i kekahi, e hana ana i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa nona.
Molting
Ke pani nei i ka uhi chitinous o ka goliath tarantula he paʻakikī loa i ka manawa e hānau hou ai ka nananana. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ke ana ʻia ka makahiki o kahi nananana (ke mālama ʻia i ka home) i nā molts. Hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia molt aʻe i kahi pae hou i ke ola o ka nananana. Ke hoʻomākaukau nei no ia mea, hōʻole nā kolo i ka ʻai: hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio e pōloli i hoʻokahi pule, nā mākua - 1-3 mau mahina ma mua o ka molt i manaʻo ʻia.
Hoʻohui pū ʻia ka hoʻololi o ka exoskeleton i hala (exuvium) me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui ma kahi o 1.5 mau manawa, ma muli o nā ʻāpana paʻakikī o ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wāwae. ʻO lākou, a i ʻole, ko lākou ākea, ke kuleana no ka nui o kekahi kanaka. Lilo ka ʻōpū o ka tarantula i mea liʻiliʻi, loaʻa ke kaupaona a me ka hoʻopiha ʻana ma waena o nā molts (i ka wā like, ʻo nā lauoho ʻōpala e ulu ana i ka ʻōpū hāʻule.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. Ua hoʻokahe ʻo Young Theraphosa blondi i kēlā me kēia mahina. Ke ulu a makua, lilo nā wā ma waena o nā molts i lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi. Ua ninini ka wahine goliath wahine makua i kā lākou uhi kahiko ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki.
Ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, pouli mau ka nananana, he ʻōpū padded me ka ʻōhule loa, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā lauoho, a me nā ana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Ke puka nei i waho o ka molt, ʻaʻole hoʻonui ka goliath, akā hoʻomālamalama hoʻi, hāʻule ka ʻōpū i ka ʻike ʻia, akā ʻike ʻia nā lauoho hou.
Hoʻokuʻu ka uhi mai ka uhi mua ma ke kua, pinepine me ka paʻakikī, ke hiki ʻole i ka punawelewele ke hoʻolōʻihi i 1-2 mau wāwae / pedipalps. I kēia hihia, hoʻolei ka tarantula iā lākou: i ka 3-4 molts ma hope, hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā lālā. ʻO kahi paʻa o kāna mau hua hānau i koe i ka ʻili i hoʻolei ʻia e ka wahine, kahi maʻalahi e ʻike i ka moekolohe o ka tarantula, keu hoʻi i ka wā ʻōpio.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā goliaths
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka Tarantula, a me nā spider goliath, ola ma mua o nā arthropod terrestrial ʻē aʻe, eia nō naʻe, pili ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola i ka wahine kāne - noho lōʻihi nā wahine i kēia ao. Hoʻohui ʻia, ma lalo o nā kūlana hana, hoʻoholo ʻia ke ola o Theraphosa blondi e ia mau kumu i kaohi ʻia e like me ka mahana / kaona i ka terrarium a me ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai.
Mea nui. ʻO ka mea ilihune ka papaʻai a me ke anuanu (i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa!) Ke ʻano, ke lohi o ka ulu ʻana o ka tarantula a ulu. Ua kāohi ʻia kāna mau hana metabolic a, ʻo ka hopena, ke ʻelemakule o ke kino.
ʻAʻole i hiki i ka Arachnologists kahi kūkākūkā e pili ana i ke ola o Theraphosa blondi, ke kū nei ma nā helu o 3-10 mau makahiki, ʻoiai aia he ʻike e pili ana i nā kenekulia 20 a 30 mau makahiki o kēia ʻano.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne, e like me kā mākou i ʻike ai, hōʻike iā ia iho i ke ola o goliaths: nā kāne (i loaʻa ka momona) i ka hapanui o nā hihia ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokahe a make i loko o kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka male ʻana. ʻOi aku nā manawa i ʻoi aku nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola honua, a ke nānā aku nei i nā mea ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi a me ke kaumaha.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe o ka spider goliath ʻaʻole wale i ka nui, akā i nā ʻano moekolohe lua o ke ʻano o nā kāne makua kāne wale nō.
- "Bulbs" ma nā kihi o nā palpa, pono no ka lawe ʻana i ka sperm i ka wahine;
- "Spur" a i ʻole nā spines liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu o ke kolu o ka paw (tibial).
ʻO ka hōʻailona ʻoi loa o ka moekolohe o ka wahine i manaʻo ʻia ʻo kāna hana ke kau ʻana i kahi kanaka o ka wahine ʻē.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua noho ka punawelewele goliath i loko o nā ululāʻau o Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana a me ka ʻākau o Brazil, ʻoi aku ka makemake i nā ʻāina pulu me nā lua i haʻalele ʻia. Ma aneʻi e peʻe ai nā nananana mai ka lā wela loa. Me ka hoʻomālamalama haʻahaʻa, pono lākou i ke kiʻekiʻe (80-95%) a me ka wela (ma ka liʻiliʻi 25-30 ° С). I mea e pale ʻole ai i nā pūnana mai ka ua ikaika, hoʻokomo nā goliaths iā lākou ma nā puʻu.
Goliath tarantulaʻai
Hiki i nā mea kolo o ka laha ke pōloli i mau mahina me ka ʻole o nā hopena olakino, akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa ka makemake nui, keu hoʻi i ʻike ʻia i ka pio.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo Theraphosa blondi ma ke ʻano he predator obligate, akā e like me nā ʻano mea pili, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻoia i ka inoa o ka ʻohana (tarantulas), ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e kuhikuhi ʻia i ka ʻai mau o kaʻiʻo moa.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka taroliula Goliath, me ka hoʻohui i nā manu, nā:
- arachnids liʻiliʻi;
- kokolo a lele;
- ʻenuhe koko;
- nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi;
- nā moʻo a me nā moʻo;
- toads a me nā rana;
- iʻa a me nā mea hou aʻe.
Nānā ʻo Theraphosa blondi i ka mea i hoʻohālua ʻia (me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻana i kahi pūnaewele): i kēia manawa ua neʻe ʻole a noho mālie no nā hola. Kūlike kūlike ka hana a ka nananana i kona māʻona - ʻaʻole haʻalele ka wahine ʻai i ka lua no nā mahina.
I ka ʻike ʻana i kahi mea kūpono, lele ka goliath ma luna ona a nahu, e hoʻokomo ana i ka lāʻau make me ka hopena lōlō. ʻAʻole hiki i ka mea i hōʻino ke neʻe, a hoʻopiha ka nananana iā ia me ka wai digestive e hoʻoheheʻe ai i ka ʻaoʻao. Ma ka palupalu ʻana iā lākou i ke kūlana i makemake ʻia, hū ka punawelewele i ka wai, akā ʻaʻole pili i ka ʻili, ka uhi chitinous a me nā iwi.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hānai ʻia nā tarantula makua i nā meaʻai ola ʻelua a make i nā ʻiole / nā rana, a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo. He mea nui i nā ʻōpio (a hiki i ka 4-5 molts) e koho i nā mea kolo ʻai kūpono: ʻaʻole pono lākou e ʻoi aku i ka 1/2 o ka ʻōpū o ka nananana. Hiki i nā kolo nunui ke hoʻoweliweli i ka goliath, hoʻonāukiuki i ke koʻikoʻi a me ka hōʻole ʻana e ʻai.
Nānā. ʻAʻole weliweli ka lāʻau make o ka goliath tarantula no kahi kanaka olakino a hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā hopena i ka nalo meli: ʻeha iki ka wahi nahu a pehu. ʻO ke kuni, ka ʻehaʻeha, nā haunaele, a me nā hopena maʻi ʻaʻano liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā holoholona, e like me nāʻiole a me nā pōpoki, make i ka nahu o Theraphosa blondi, akā ʻaʻohe make i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pili ana i nā kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e mālama i kēia mau spider i loko o nā ʻohana me nā keiki liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā poʻe i hiki i nā maʻi āpau.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hāpai nā spider Goliath i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ke kāne, e ʻumeʻume i ka manaʻo o ka wahine, paʻi i kahi ʻōwili pahu kokoke i kona lua: inā mākaukau ka hoa, ʻae ʻo ia i ka male ʻana. Mālama ke kāne i kāna chelicera me kāna mau lou tibial, e hoʻoili ana i ka hua ma nā pedipalps i loko o ka wahine.
I ka pau ʻana o ka moekolohe, holo aku ke hoa, ʻoiai e hoʻāʻo pinepine ka wahine e ʻai iā ia. I kekahi mau mahina ma hope mai, ulana ʻo ia i kahi cocoon mai 50 a 2 tausani mau hua. Mālama ka makaʻu me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka cocoon no 6-7 mau pule, e hoʻohuli a huli iā ia a hiki i ka hānai ʻana o nā nimona (spider spider). Ma hope o 2 molts, lilo ka nymph i larva - he punawelewele ʻōpio piha. Loaʻa nā kāne i ka momona e 1.5 mau makahiki, nā wahine ʻaʻole ma mua o 2-2.5 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO Theraphosa blondi, ʻoiai ka ʻawaʻawa hānau, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi lākou. ʻAʻole hoihoi nui nā mea ʻino nui i ka goliath, akā ʻo ia a me kāna mau keiki i lilo i ka pahuhopu gastronomic o ka poʻe ʻimi aʻe:
- scolopendra, e like me Scolopendra gigantea (40 cm ka lōʻihi);
- scorpions mai nā genera Liocheles, Hemilychas, Isometrus, Lychas, Urodacus (hapa) a me Isometroides;
- punawelewele nui o ka punana Lycosidae;
- naonao;
- toad-aha, a i ʻole Bufo marinus.
ʻO ka hope, ma ke ala, ua hoʻololi e piʻi i nā lua kahi i noho ai nā wahine me nā keiki i mea e ʻai ai i nā keiki hānau hou.
Pēlā nō hoʻi, make nā tarantula goliath ma lalo o nā kui o nā mea kahu palaoa kaumaha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻAʻole helu ʻia ʻo Theraphosa blondi i ka IUCN Red List, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻohe hopohopo e pili ana i kēia ʻano tarantula. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua i ka paʻa pio, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka make a me ka emi ʻana o ka lehulehu.
