Manu falcon Peregrine - nā mea maʻamau i waena o nā manu karnivorous. ʻO ia e pili ana i ka nui o ka ʻokupō maʻamau. Manaʻo kūpono ʻia ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana falcon ke ola wikiwiki loa e noho nei ma ka honua. ʻO nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona maikaʻi loa me ka ʻike maka a me ka ʻāwīwī wikiwiki ʻole e waiho i kā lākou mea pio i kahi manawa o ke ola.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Sapsan
Ua wehewehe mua ka ʻepekema ʻEnelani ʻo Marmaduke Tunstell i kēia ʻano i ka 1771 a hāʻawi iā ia i ka inoa Falco peregrinus. Ua unuhi ʻia ka ʻāpana mua o ke ʻano he "sickle-bent" ma muli o ke ʻano o nā ʻēheu o ka manu i ka wā lele. Peregrinus ʻo ia hoʻi ke auwana, kahi e pili ana i ka nohona o ke peregrine falcon.
Video: ʻO Peregrine falcon manu
Pili pū nā ʻohana pili me gyrfalcon, laggar, saker falcon, Mediterranean a me Mekiko falcons. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia kēia mau manu. Manaʻo nā Ornithologists ʻo ka divergence evolutionary o kēia mau ʻano mai ke koena i ka wā Miocene a i ʻole Pliocene, ma kahi o 5-8 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻO ke kikowaena o ka divergence, ʻo Eurasia Komohana a ʻo ʻApelika paha ia, ʻoiai aia ka hui i nā ʻano mai ka Old World a me ka New World. Ma muli o ka hybridization ma waena o nā laha, paʻakikī ka noiʻi ʻepekema i kēia hui. ʻO kahi laʻana, i nā ʻano hānau o ka home, makemake nui ʻia nā keʻa peregrine me nā falcons Mediterranean.
Aia ma kahi o 17 mau ʻāpana o nā predators i ka honua, i hana ʻia e pili ana i ka wahi ʻāina.
- tundra falcon;
- falcon maltese;
- falcon ʻeleʻele;
- Falco peregrinus japonensis Gmelin;
- Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides;
- Falco peregrinus peregrinator Sundevall;
- Falco peregrinus minor Bonaparte;
- ʻO Falco peregrinus madens ʻo Ripley Watson;
- Falco peregrinus tundrius Keʻokeʻo;
- Falco peregrinus ernesti Sharpe;
- ʻO Falco peregrinus cassini Sharpe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Mea hoihoi: Mai ka wā kahiko, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā falcon peregrine no ka falconry. I ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana ma ʻAsuria, ua loaʻa kahi hoʻomaha-bas, e hoʻi ana ma kahi o 700 BC, kahi o kahi o ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona i hoʻouka ai i kahi manu, a hopu ʻia kekahi. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā manu no ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana e nā poʻe nomeg Mongol, Perusia, a me nā ʻemepela Kina.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: manu falcon Peregrine
ʻO Peregrine Falcon kahi predator nui loa. ʻO 35-50 kenimika kona lōʻihi o ke kino, 75-120 kenimika ka ʻēheu. ʻOi aku ke kaumaha o ka wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Inā kaupaona ke kāne kāne ma kahi o 440-750 gram, a laila hoʻokahi wahine - 900-1500 gram. ʻO ke kala i nā wahine a me nā kāne like.
ʻO ke kino, e like me nā predators ʻeleu ʻē aʻe, ikaika. ʻO nā mākala paʻakikī nui ma ka umauma ākea. Ma nā paws ikaika, nā māiʻu i ʻōlou ʻia, kahi e wikiwiki ai e wīwī i ka ʻili o ka mea pio. Hinahina ke kino o luna a me nā ʻeheu me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. ʻEleʻele nā ʻeheu i nā wēlau. Piʻo ka nuku.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma ke kihi o ka nuku, he niho ʻoi ko nā manu, he mea maʻalahi ke nahu i kā lākou iwi ʻeha.
ʻO ka plumage ma ka ʻōpū māmā ma ka waihoʻoluʻu. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahi, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi aniani ʻākala, ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo hina. Ma ka umauma aia nā kaha i ke ʻano o nā kulu. Lōʻihi ka huelo, poepoe, me kahi ʻāpana keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma ka hope. ʻEleʻele ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke poʻo, he māmā ka mea i lalo, ʻulaʻula.
Hoʻopuni ʻia nā maka brown e kahi ʻili o ka ʻili maka o kahi melemele. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae a me ka nuku. ʻO nā falcon ʻōpio ʻōpio i kahi kala ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa - brown me kahi ʻāpana haʻahaʻa a me nā kaha lōʻihi. Kūleʻa ka leo, ʻoiʻoi. I ka wā hānau, uē nui lākou, ʻo ke koena o ka manawa hāmau lākou.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka hiʻona o kahi manu falcon manuahi peregrine mai ka Red Book. E ʻike kāua i kahi e noho ai ka mea ʻānai wikiwiki a me kāna mea e ʻai ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka falekona peregrine?
Kiʻi: Peregrine falcon manu mai ka Red Book
Kūleʻa ka laha ma nā ʻāina āpau koe ʻo Antarctica, me nā mokupuni he nui. Hoʻololi maʻalahi i kekahi wahi. Hiki iā ia ke noho i ka tundra anuanu a ma ʻApelika wela a me ʻAsia Hema. I nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki, hiki ke loaʻa nā manu ma kahi o nā kihi o ka honua, koe wale nō nā wao akua a me nā wahi polar. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā falcons Peregrine i ka nui o nā wao nahele kai.
ʻAʻole makemake nā kānaka i nā wahi ākea, no laila pale lākou i ka steppes o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema. I nā wahi mauna hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 4 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. ʻAe ia mea hoʻopuehu e manaʻo ʻia nā falcons i nā predators maʻa mau o ka honua.
Koho nā manu i nā wahi noho i hiki ʻole i ka poʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau kēia mau kahakai pōhaku o nā kino wai. ʻO nā kūlana ʻoi loa no ka pūnana ʻana nā awāwa kahawai mauna. Noho ʻia nā ululāʻau e nā wahi kokoke i nā pali kahawai, nā wahi momona, nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā pūnana o nā manu ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi mea e pono ai no ka noho ʻana kahi waihona wai me kahi ʻehā o 10 mau kilomika kilomika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Noho kahi ʻohana Falcon peregrine ma ka pāpale o kahi hale kiʻi ma Atlanta ma luna o ka papa he 50. Mahalo i ka pahu paʻi wikiō i hoʻonoho ʻia, hiki ke nānā i ko lākou ola a me kā lākou ulu ʻana i ka manawa maoli.
Kūmau ka manu. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hiki iā lākou ke uhi i nā wahi pōkole. Hoʻāʻo nā kāne mākua moekolohe ʻaʻole e haʻalele i ka teritori i loko o ke kau anuanu. Hiki ke neʻe i kahi neʻe lōʻihi i nā kāʻei arctic a me subarctic.
He aha ka ʻai a ka manu falcon peregrine?
Kiʻi: ʻO Peregrine Falcon wikiwiki
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka papaʻai o nā manu i nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā kaulike, e pili ana i kahi a lākou e noho ai.
- nūnū;
- manu liʻiliʻi;
- hummingbird;
- ʻalalā;
- limu;
- hoku;
- ʻeleʻele;
- nā mea ukana.
ʻIke hoihoi: Ua helu nā ʻepekema a loaʻa ma kahi o 1/5 o nā manu āpau e hānai ʻia e ka falcon.
ʻAʻole lākou e hāʻule i ke koʻokoʻo, ka mammal liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka amphibian inā heʻe lākou i kahi ākea:
- rana;
- nā moʻo;
- protein;
- ʻōpeʻapeʻa;
- nā hare;
- gophers;
- voles;
- nā mea kolo.
Hāʻawi nā falcons Peregrine i ka makemake i ke kino o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. ʻAʻohe ʻai ʻia nā wāwae, nā poʻo a me nā ʻeheu. Ua ʻike nā kiaʻi manu i nā koena o nā manu e hoʻopuehu mau ana a puni nā pūnana o nā manu. Hoʻohana nā ʻepekema iā lākou e ʻike i nā mea a nā mea nona ka hale e ʻai ai.
I ka wā o ka mālama ʻana i nā moa, hiki i nā mea ʻino ke ʻimi no ka mea liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou e komo i ka mea pio i ʻoi aku i ko lākou nui. ʻO ke kaupaona o ka herona a ʻo ke gose kekahi mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kaupaona o kahi falcon peregrine, akā ʻaʻole ia e pale i ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona e luku i kā lākou mea pio. ʻAʻole hoʻouka ʻo Falcons i nā holoholona nui aʻe.
Hiki i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio hiki ʻole ke lele a manu ʻeha paha ke ʻohi i nā meaʻai mai ka honua, akā ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ea ka mea e ʻumeʻume ai iā lākou. I ka lele ākea, ʻaʻole nui ka wikiwiki o nā falcons peregrine - 100-110 km / h. Hiki i nā manu kuhukukū a i ʻole nā ale ke ʻalo iā lākou. Akā me ka luʻu wikiwiki ʻana, ʻaʻohe manawa o ke ola no kekahi o nā mea i hōʻino ʻia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Manu manu ʻio peregrine falcon
Makemake nā Predators i kahi nohona mehameha, mālama i nā pālua wale nō i ka wā o ka pūnana. Mālama nui lākou i ko lākou mau panalāʻau, e kipaku aku ana iā lākou, ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻohana, akā me nā mea ʻino nui ʻē aʻe. Hiki pū, hiki i kekahi kāne ke kipaku aku i kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻehā mai ka pūnana mai. Hiki i kahi makuahine pale i nā moa ke makaʻu i kahi mea nui.
Aia nā pūnana ma kahi mamao o 5-10 kilomita mai kēlā me kēia. Makemake nā Falcons ʻaʻole e alualu i kahi kokoke i ko lākou mau home, no laila noho nā manu ʻē aʻe e noho kokoke i nā peregrine falcons i hiki. Mālama kēia ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia mai ka falcon wale nō, akā, mai nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe a lākou e hoʻokuke nei.
Hele nā manu i ka hopu holoholona i ke kakahiaka a i ʻole ke ahiahi. Inā ʻaʻohe mea i ka lewa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hopu, noho nā falcon ma luna o kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke nānā i ka wahi no nā hola. Inā ikaika loa ka wī, lele lākou ma luna o ka honua e makaʻu ai i nā mea pio hiki, a laila lālau iā ia.
Inā ʻike ʻia kahi mea pio ma ka lani, hoʻāʻo ka poʻe ʻiʻo e loaʻa koke ke kiʻekiʻe i mea e hopu ai iā ia i ka piko uila. ʻO kā lākou wikiwiki e luʻu ai ma kahi o 322 km / h. I kēia wikiwiki, ua lawa ka hahau ʻana me nā manamana hope no ka lele ʻana o ke poʻo o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia.
Mahalo i ko lākou wiwo ʻole, ʻike aʻo maikaʻi a me ka wittedness wikiwiki, lilo lākou i poʻe alualu manuahi. Hoʻohana pinepine ka poʻe i nā predators no falconry. He kumukūʻai nui ka manu i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia akā lilo ia i mea kōkua nui no nā kānaka.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Falcon peregrine falcon
Hoʻokahi makahiki o ka moekolohe ʻana o nā kāne o nā kāne ʻelua i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Akā hoʻomaka lākou i ka hana hou a hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki. Koho ʻia nā pālua falcons no nā makahiki he nui. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻohana i hoʻokahi panalāʻau pūnana; hiki i kekahi mau hanauna ke noho i kahi.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau ma Mei-Iune, ma hope ma ka palena ʻākau. Hoʻowalewale ke kāne i ka wahine me nā pirouette ʻea. Inā ʻaʻole e mamao loa ka mea i koho ʻia mai kēia wahi, a laila hoʻokumu ʻia ka wahine. Nānā nā hoa pākahi, palaki nā hulu a i ʻole nā māiʻuʻu.
I ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, hiki i ke kāne ke hānai i ka hoa, ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā meaʻai iā ia i ka lele ʻana. ʻOlokaʻa ka wahine ma kona kua a hopu i ka makana. I ke kaʻina o ka pūnana ʻana, ikaika loa ka wahine i nā mea komo hewa. Aia a hiki i nā pūnana he 7 i hoʻokahi panalāʻau. Hoʻohana nā falcons Peregrine i nā wahi like ʻole i nā kau like ʻole.
Waiho ʻia nā hua moa mai ʻApelila a Mei, i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Hoʻomoe nā wahine mai ʻelua a ʻelima mau hua manu ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele paha, ʻoi pinepine ʻekolu - i kēlā me kēia 48 mau hola ma kahi hua manu e ana he 50x40 mm. No 33-35 mau lā, hatch nā keiki ʻelua i nā keiki. Uhi ʻia nā keiki hānai hou me ka hina hina, nui nā wāwae a kōkua ʻole loa lākou.
Mālama ka wahine i nā keiki i ka hapanui o ka manawa, ʻoiai e loaʻa ka meaʻai i ka makuakāne. Lawe ʻia ka lele mua o nā moa i ka makahiki 36-45, a ma hope o nā pēpē i ka pūnana o ka makua no kekahi mau pule hou a hilinaʻi i ka meaʻai a ka makua kāne i loaʻa ai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā peregrine falcons
Kiʻi: Sapsan
No nā mākua, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi manu manu lele e hoʻoweliweli nui, ʻoiai aia nā falcons ma ka piko o ke kaulahao meaʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻeha paha kā lākou mau hua a i ʻole nā keiki keiki i nā manu nui ʻē aʻe - pueo aeto, lupe, aeto. Hiki ke hōʻino ʻia nā pūnana o ka honua e nā martens, nā ʻalopeke a me nā mea ʻānai ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole makaʻu nā manu a ma ka hapanui o nā hihia hiki ke kū i luna no lākou iho, e hoʻouka nei i nā manu i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou a me nā holoholona o nā nui nui. ʻAʻole lākou e makaʻu i ka kipaku aku i kahi kanaka - e pōʻai mau nā peregrine falcons ma luna o ke kanaka nāna i hoʻopilikia i ko lākou maluhia.
Mahalo mau ka poʻe i ke akamai o ka manu. Ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻopaʻa i nā pepa paʻi a hoʻohana iā lākou no nā hana pilikino. Ua hopu ʻia nā moa piʻo Peregrine a aʻo ʻia e hopu i nā manu ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa i nā mōʻī, nā aliʻi, nā sultan nā manu ʻimi holoholona. Kaulana ʻo Falconry i ke au waena. He mea kupaianaha maoli ka mākaʻikaʻi, no laila mahalo nui ʻia nā falcons peregrine, uku lākou i ka hoʻokupu a me nā ʻauhau.
ʻO ka ʻenemi weliweli loa no ka manu ʻo ke kāne. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, hoʻohana mau ʻia nā kemika a me nā pesticides e luku i nā mea make. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole make wale nā mea make ʻino i nā mea ʻino, he mea make nō hoʻi lākou no nā manu e ʻai i nā mea lele. ʻO nā wahi nui o nā wahi kūlohelohe o nā mea neʻe e luku ʻia e nā kānaka.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: manu falcon Peregrine
ʻOiai ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana i kēlā me kēia ʻano aniau a me nā kūlana o ka ʻāina, i nā manawa a pau i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka perconto falcon he manu ʻano manu ʻole ia. Ma ka hapanui, manaʻo ʻia ka lehulehu i kū paʻa i kēia manawa, akā i kekahi mau ʻāpana e lele paha a e hōʻole paha ka helu i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā wahi maʻamau.
I ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 20, ua nui ka pohō o ka lehulehu ma muli o ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā pesticides a me DDT. Hoʻopili nā pesticides i loko o ke kino o nā manu a hoʻopili i ka ulu ʻana o ka embryonic o nā moa. Ua nāwaliwali loa nā hua manu a ʻaʻole hiki ke hāpai i ke kaumaha o nā manu. Ua hāʻule nui ka hana hou ʻana o nā keiki.
Ma waena o 1940 a me 1960, ua nalowale loa nā manu mai ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ʻAmelika, a ma ke komohana, ua emi ka heluna kanaka e 75-90%. Ua pau ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā falcons Peregrine e loaʻa ma ʻEulopa Komohana. I ka makahiki 1970, pāpā ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides a hoʻomaka ka helu e hoʻonui iki. I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 2-3 tausani mau pālua ma Lūkia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ke Kaua Honua II, ua luku nā limahana i nā falcons peregrine i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke keʻakeʻa a ʻai i nā nūnū lawe.
ʻOiai ke kī ʻana a me ka hoʻokauwā ʻana o nā manu i ka wā i hala, ka hoʻokūkū ʻai me ka falal balaban, ka luku ʻia o nā wahi pūnana kūlohelohe, a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana e hoʻonui nui nei i ka helu. Hiki i nā Predators ke launa maʻalahi me nā poʻe e noho ana i ke kaiāulu, akā makaʻala loa i ka haunaele i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka poʻe.
Pale aku Peregrine falcon
Kiʻi: Peregrine falcon manu mai ka Red Book
Aia nā Predators i ka Buke ʻulaʻula o Rūsia, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai lākou i ka ʻāpana 2. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka laha i loko o ka CITES Convention (Appendix I), Appendix II o ka Bonn Convention, Appendix II o ka Berne Convention. Ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi, ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nei nā hana e mālama ai i nā laha.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hoʻolālā ʻia nā hana hou e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna manu o nā manu i ʻEulopa, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā ana e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā wahi kūlohelohe. Aia a hiki i kēia manawa, aia kahi paio e kūʻē i ka mākaukau ʻole o nā keʻena mālama kānāwai e hana pono ʻole me ka ʻili ʻana.
Ma Kanada a me Kelemania he mau papahana no ka hānai manu i nā hale manu me ka hoʻololi aʻe i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. I mea e hōʻalo ai i ka hana ʻōpiopio ʻana o nā moa, lawe ʻia ka hānai e ka lima kanaka, kahi e kau nei i ka pale poʻo poʻo falcon peregrine. Hele lohi, neʻe kekahi kanaka i nā kūlanakauhale. Ma Virginia, hana nā haumāna i nā pūnana hana i nā kāne ma ka hale.
Ke hakakā ikaika nei ka Royal Society for the Protection of Birds of Great Britain e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna perconine falcon. Ma Nu Ioka, ua kūleʻa nā manu; eia kahi kahua meaʻai maikaʻi na lākou ma ke ʻano o nā nūnū. Ma nā kahua mokulele, hoʻohana ʻia nā falcon e hoʻoweliweli aku i nā ʻohana manu.
Manu falcon Peregrine He manu kū hoʻokahi ia. ʻIʻike ʻole nā poʻe ʻimi manuahi, ʻike ʻia nā mea konohiki e ko lākou wikiwiki, ahonui, hiki ke aʻo maikaʻi a me nā reflexes uila wikiwiki. Hoʻonani ka lele iā ia - ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki e nānā i nā mea nānā. Kahaha ka mea hiki ʻole i ka predator me kona ikaika a hoʻoweliweli i kāna mau mea hoʻokūkū.
Lā paʻi: 25.06.2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 21:32
