Falcon He holoholona hulu manu o ka ʻohana falcon. Kūleʻa nui lākou i ke aupuni holoholona o kēia au a nui ka nui o nā ʻano. Mai ka wā kahiko mai, ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia kā lākou ʻano a me nā ʻano e ke kanaka, i hiki ai ke hoʻohana i kēia mau manu iʻa no ka holoholona hihiu. Kaulana nui ʻo Falconry a hiki i kēia lā ʻaʻole wale he ʻano lawaiʻa, akā ma ke ʻano he mahele o ka moʻomeheu o nā lāhui he nui, a ma ke ʻano he leʻaleʻa haʻuki.
He manu nani a hanohano ka falcon, i noʻonoʻo pono ʻia he holoholona wikiwiki loa ma ka Honua. Ke ʻimi holoholona, hiki i nā falcons ke hōʻea i kahi wikiwiki lele i ʻoi aku ma mua o 320 km / h.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Sokol
Wahi a ka noiʻi a nā ʻepekema, ʻo nā falcons kahi ʻano manu ʻōpio. ʻO ka makahiki o ko lākou noho ʻana i ke ʻano hihiu o kā mākou honua, me nā kūpuna mamao, ma kahi o 10 miliona mau makahiki.
He ākea loa ka nohona o nā falcon. ʻO ka mōʻaukala, pili pinepine ka manu i nā kānaka, maʻalahi maʻalahi a hoʻohana ʻia no ka huli holoholona. ʻO nā ʻōlelo mua loa o nā holoholona hānai i hoʻihoʻi ʻia mai ka 8th kenekulia BC a pili pili honua i nā ʻāina o Iraq hou.
Video: ʻO Falcon
Ua mahalo nui ko ʻAigupita kahiko i ka falcon, e hāʻawi ana i kona hiʻohiʻona i ko lākou mau akua. I ka moʻolelo Slavic, ua pili ka falcon me ka wiwo ʻole a me ka wiwo ʻole, a ʻo ka falcon plumage hoʻi i manaʻo ʻia e lawe i kahi laki. ʻO kēia manu hanohano, dexterous a ikaika hoʻi i kōkua pinepine i kahi kanaka e ʻimi a ola, no laila ua pili pili ʻole kāna hopena me ka mea nona ka manaʻo, ʻo ke kūʻai aku ʻana a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i kahi falcon ua like ia me ka hoʻonele ʻana i ka mea nona kona ʻuhane a me kona ikaika.
Hānau ʻia nā Falcon nā mea hahai holoholona. Wikiwiki lākou i ka lele, ʻike maka maka loa, ikaika lākou a hoʻomanawanui hoʻi. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hōʻoia ʻia e ka noiʻi ʻana e nā mea kālaiʻike, ʻo nā falcons kekahi o nā ʻelele i hoʻomohala nui ʻia o nā manu. ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻokoʻa āpau i ʻumeʻume i kahi kanaka e ʻimi e hoʻoponopono i kāna mau hemahema kūlohelohe.
Eia naʻe, nele nā falcons i ka manaʻo e hoʻolohe i ke alakaʻi. He pilina ʻo Falconry kahi e loaʻa ai i ka predator winged ke kuleana nui loa - kūʻokoʻa. Alualu ʻo ia iā ia iho, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka hilinaʻi i kāna haku, ʻae ʻo ia i nā kūlana i pani ʻia e ka hoʻoikaika i ka waiwai pio.
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā falcon i ka nahelehele penei:
- ʻalalā ʻeleʻele;
- ʻalalā ahiahi;
- pygmy falcon;
- falcon wawae ʻulaʻula;
- falcon huelo pōkole;
- falcon liʻiliʻi;
- Falcon Mekiko;
- Falcon Mekiko Hema;
- ʻūhū ʻakaʻaka;
- Falcon Mediterranean.
Mea hoihoi: ua hana ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano falcon e ke kūlohelohe e kāohi i ke kūlana o nā heluna o kekahi ʻano manu a me nā holoholona.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: falcon manu
ʻO ka falcon he predator, a me nā ʻeheu ikaika, ikaika ikaika a me ka nuku ʻoiʻoi ikaika e lilo ai i mea hahai holoholona maikaʻi. ʻO ka ʻēheu o nā ʻēheu ʻano manu o ka manu e piʻi i 120 kenimika, a me nā mākala i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia o ke kino, hana i nā ʻano lele maikaʻi loa. ʻO nā ʻēheu ʻo Falcon ka mea ʻoi loa hoʻi, inā hoʻohālikelike ʻoe i ko lākou ʻano me nā ʻeheu o nā mea ʻili hulu ʻē aʻe - nā ʻaeto, nā ʻio, nā aeto gula. Hoʻoholo kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka hiki i ka falcon ke kī i lalo i ka mea lele i ka lele.
ʻO ka nuku o ka falcon ke ʻano kūpono no ka hopu ʻana a me ka pāʻani kī. Pōkole a kuʻi ʻia, he lāʻau ʻoʻoi ma ka luna a hui i ka iwi ā lalo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka nuku me nā niho ʻoki, kahi e komo ai i nā nuku o ka nuku ke paʻa. ʻAe kēia hale i ka manu e haki maʻalahi i ka iwi kuamoo a me nā iwi liʻiliʻi o ka mea pio.
Nui a poepoe ke poʻo o ka falcon; ma nā ʻaoʻao he hiʻohiʻona he "whiskers" pouli, kahi e ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia ai ka falcon mai nā manu ʻio ʻio ʻē aʻe. Hoʻolōʻihi iki ʻia ke kino o ka falcon, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka huelo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a he ʻano pōʻai kona. ʻIke maka loa kēia mea ʻēheu ʻēheu, kahi e kōkua ai iā ia e alualu i ka mea pio, ʻoiai ma kahi mamao loa. ʻEleʻele nā maka o ka falcon, ua kapili ʻia ka iris e kahi kuʻemaka maka maka ʻole.
He mea nui ka ʻokoʻa intraspecific i ka nui o nā manu. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole e ulu kahi pygmy falcon ma mua o 24 cm ka lōʻihi (ma kahi o 33 cm me kahi huelo) a kaupaona wale ʻia he 70 gram. A hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka o ka falcon Mediterranean nui loa he 45-50 kenimika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o ʻelua kilogram. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, akā he ʻula paler plumage. ʻO ka pinepine, he hina, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha - hina hina. Hoʻololi ka ʻōpū.
Ma hea e noho ai ka falcon?
Kiʻi: Falcon i ka lele
ʻAneʻane ka wahi noho o nā falcon i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā ʻāpana lāʻau. Hānau ʻia kekahi o ko lākou ʻano laha. Hoʻolilo lākou i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i nā lele lōʻihi mai kahi a kahi, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me lākou ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua. Alakaʻi nā falcon ʻē aʻe i kahi nohona noho wale, ke koho ʻana i nā steppes a me nā wao akua no ko lākou mau pūnana.
ʻOiai lele ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi mehana, noho nā manu makua i ka home, neʻe kokoke i nā kino wai me ke anuanu. Mālama maʻalahi lākou i ke ʻano hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā pāʻani a me nā rodents kūpono no ka meaʻai ke kumu e ʻimi holoholona hou aku nā manu. I ke kau anuanu, paʻakikī ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea pio, akā kōkua ka hoʻomanawanui kūlohelohe o nā falcons iā lākou e ola pū me kahi papa hoʻoilo hoʻoilo.
Ua koho nā ʻāina ʻē a me nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano falcon like ʻole no ka noho ʻoluʻolu. Noho ka falcon brown i Australia a me New Guinea, aia nā lehulehu o ka falcon Mexico ma nā papu, nā wao akua a me nā wao akua o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ma ka ʻākau o Mekiko a me ka hema o Kanada. ʻO nā manu e pūnana ana ma nā ʻākau o ka pae e neʻe ana, ma ka hema - sedentary. Koho ʻia nā kula, nā sabana a me nā wahi kai o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e ka falcon Mekiko Hema.
Ma ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema, mai ka ʻĀkau o ʻAtinaina i ka hema a hiki i ka hema o Mekiko i ka ʻākau, nā pūnana lele ʻakaʻaka. Makemake ʻo ia i nā ululāʻau pālolo, koho i nā wahi i ulu ʻole ʻia. Aia i loko o ka falcon liʻiliʻi ka noho ʻana i nā panalāʻau ʻokoʻa. ʻO kekahi pūnana ma nā wahi huakaʻi ʻole o ka Hikina Hema ʻo ʻAsia, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe - i nā wao akua a me nā savannas o ʻApelika, kahi e hoʻopili ai nā heluna huelo pōkole.
ʻO ka falcon Mediterania ka mea maʻamau i ʻItalia a me ka Balkan Peninsula. ʻO nā lāhui liʻiliʻi o ia pūnana pū kekahi ma ʻApelika, ka ʻAlapia ʻAlapia a me ʻAsia Minor. Makemake kēia ʻano i nā ākea ākea o nā wao akua pōhaku a me nā wao akua, noho i nā kahakai pōhaku.
ʻO nā ululāʻau hāmama o nā Himalayan foothills e noho ʻia e kahi falcon wawae ʻulaʻula pygmy. Makemake i nā wahi me ka nui o nā lāʻau maloʻo, kokoke i nā māla a me nā kula. Noho pū kēia ʻano i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o Nepal a me Bhutan, Kambupila, Laos a me Vietnam. ʻIke ʻia ia ma nā mahi mahiʻai, mālama pinepine ma kahi o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma nā pāpū a ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 900 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka falcon?
Kiʻi: Huli holoholona
Mahalo i kāna ʻano ʻimi holoholona maikaʻi a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūlohelohe, loaʻa i ka falcon ka meaʻai ma ka lewa a ma ka honua. ʻO nā papaʻai "ea" i haku ʻia me nā manu waena, a ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi "honua" ka mea i hōʻike nui ʻia e nā rodents a me nā mea kolo. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā moʻo, nā iʻa a me nā rana i nā mea ʻohana ʻeheu no ka ʻaina ahiahi. Akā ʻaʻole hoihoi ka ʻimi holoholona i kēia mahele o ka lawaiʻa i nā falcon, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e ʻae iā lākou e hōʻike i kā lākou kālena alualu i ka ikaika piha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: makemake ka falcon i ke koko ola a me ka ʻiʻo hou a ʻaʻole loa e ʻai i ke kino make, no ka pōloli o kēlā ʻano.
I mea e loaʻa ai ka waiwai pio, hoʻohana ka falcon i ka arsenal pūʻali koa holoʻokoʻa, kahi a ke ʻano i hāʻawi manawaleʻa ai iā ia. Pili ka hoʻolālā hopu i ka hopena o ka pahuhopu i ka honua a i ʻole i ka ea. Mahalo i ka wikiwiki o ka lele, ikaika a me nā ʻeheu ʻoi loa, hiki i ka falcon ke kī i lalo i ka mea pio ma ka lele, a ma ka honua e hana pū me ia.
Inā loaʻa kahi papaʻaina kūpono i ka honua, "hoʻolei ka falcon" i kahi pōhaku "ma luna o kāna mea i hōʻino ʻia, a wikiwiki ia e uila a aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike i kāna hoʻokokoke ʻana. ʻAʻohe manawa o ke ola o ka falcon ola. Me kona nuku ikaika, haki maʻalahi ia i ka iwi kuamoo o kona mea i ʻino a haehae iā ia, e ʻai ana a pau.
No ka hana maikaʻi o ka ʻōnaehana digestive hulu, pono pono e kiʻi i nā iwi liʻiliʻi, nā ʻili a me nā hulu i loko. Ma hope o kekahi mau hola, ke koena ʻole o ka ʻai, belch ka manu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: falcon manu
He manu lūlū ʻo Falcons. Hōʻike lākou i ke akamai kupaianaha a noho maikaʻi i ka pio ʻana, me ke aloha i ka mea nona. Eia naʻe, he mea ʻē ka manaʻo o ka waiho ʻana iā lākou, he kūʻokoʻa lākou-aloha a kūʻokoʻa. Inā ʻoe e kaohi nui i ka falcon i ka lele, kahi manuahi a me ka hiki ke hōʻike i nā ʻano hopu holoholona, e lele koke ka manu a maʻi.
Ma ke kūlohelohe, hāmau nā falcon a hoʻohana i ko lākou leo e hoʻoweliweli wale aku i nā ʻenemi a i ʻole e hoʻoweliweli i nā mea pio. A ʻaʻole ʻoli maoli kēia. ʻO ka leʻaleʻa o nā kani i hana hou ʻia he mea ʻē i nā manu ʻio. Akā ka uē o ka falcon e hōʻike i ka manaʻo nui i nā poʻe āpau e hiki ke hoʻolohe. Ke hāʻawi nei i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lani, halihali ia i kahi mea hanohano, e kūlike i ka hiʻohiʻona o kahi manu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: hoʻonohonoho kekahi nā mea ʻohiona ʻeleu i kekahi manawa i nā hōʻike maoli i ka lani, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou hiki ke hiki i ka lele i ko lākou mau hoanoho i ka lewa lani, me ka hoʻohoka ʻana i ko lākou mau mākau ponoʻī.
He haku ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lele ʻo Falcon. Ma ke ʻano o kā lākou hana, hānau ka falcons i nā nomad. Noho kekahi o kēia mau manu i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka huakaʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hoʻolohe kēia mau neʻe i kekahi loiloi, akā ukali nā manu i kekahi ala e like me ke kāhea o ka ʻuhane.
I ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ka falekona i nā hana maʻalea. ʻAʻole makemake e hoʻouka i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia ma ka honua, makaʻu ʻo ia iā ia, a koi iā ia e hemo. I ka lewa, ʻaʻohe mea like o ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki o ka mea ʻeheu ʻēheu, a lilo ka hopu ʻana i ia mea pio i mea ʻenehana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, hiki i ka falcon ke hoʻohālikelike i nā nalo ma ke pāʻani ʻana me ka mea pio.
I ke kūlohelohe, noho ka falcons ma ka awelika no ma kahi o 16 mau makahiki, a i ka noho pio ʻana, noho kekahi poʻe i kekahi manawa a 25 mau makahiki.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: He pā falcon
Ma ke ʻano he predator pono, ʻaʻole hui ka falcon me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, makemake e noho pālua. I ke kūlohelohe, monogamous nā falcons. Hiki ke hoʻololi wale i kahi kāne inā make kekahi o nā hoa. ʻAʻole kūkulu nā Falcons i nā pūnana ma ka honua, makemake e koho i nā pōhaku, akā hiki iā lākou ke noho i ka pūnana a haʻi.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā pāʻani mānoanoa ma falcons e ka nani o ka lele o ka lele. ʻO ka wikiwiki a me ka hanohano o nā hana hoʻopunipuni i hana ʻia e nā kāne he mea maʻalahi ʻole. I kekahi manawa pau ka hōʻike lewa ma ka honua. Ke koho nei i kahi kāne nāna, ua noho ka wahine ma kona ʻaoʻao, e hōʻike ana ua nānā ʻo ia. Hiki i ke kāne kāne ke kāne i ka wahine ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kāna meaʻai i ka lele, ʻoiai ʻo ia e huli i luna i lalo, e ʻae ana i ka makana.
ʻAʻole kūkulu nā Falcons i nā pūnana ma kahi kokoke, e mālama ana i kahi mamao o 2-3 km. I loko o kahi paʻa o kahi falcon aia mai 2 a 5 mau hua. Hoʻokahi paha mahina ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Inā hoʻoholo ka wahine ʻaʻole lawa ka meaʻai i ka wahi i koho ʻia e hānai i nā moa, haʻalele nā manu i ka pūnana e hana i kahi hou i kahi ʻoluʻolu no ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki.
Lawe nā mākua ʻelua i ka hatch egg. Noho mau nā puaʻa ma lalo o ka pale o ko lākou mau mākua no kekahi manawa, ke aʻo nei i ka ʻimi holoholona a ola. Akā hiki ʻole i ke ʻano makua, huli lākou i mea hoʻokūkū i ka hakakā no ka mea pio. Kūʻokoʻa koke nā ʻōlapa ʻōpio, e waiho ana i ka pūnana ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki i nā moa ke loaʻa i kā lākou pūnana ponoʻī. Aia ka helu o nā keiki i nā kumu he nui, ʻo kekahi o lākou he meaʻai piha o ka wahine.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o falcon
Kiʻi: Manu lele lele
I ka nahelehele, he nui nā ʻenemi o ka falcon a ua koi ʻia e hakakā no kona ola ponoʻī a pale ikaika i nā keiki.
ʻAneʻane nā mea ʻai manu nui nui i ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi manu:
- ʻalopeke;
- martens;
- ferrets;
- pueo;
- pueo
ʻAʻole hiki i kēia mau ʻelele o ka nahele holoholona keʻaʻa me ke kanaka makua, akā luku koke lākou i nā pūnana lele, e luku ana i kā lākou mau hua a me nā moa. Kū pinepine nā hoʻouka kaua i ka wā o ka haʻalele ʻole o nā mākua, kaohi ʻia e haʻalele i ka pūnana e ʻimi, e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai na lākou a me kā lākou mau moa. I ka nohona kūlohelohe, make he 70-80 pakeneka o nā holoholona ʻōpio ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ke oʻo makua.
No kēia mau kumu, kuleana nui nā falcons i ka pale ʻana i kā lākou pūnana ponoʻī, ke kiaʻi ʻana iā lākou a puni ka uaki mai nā hoʻouka ʻana. Aia kekahi mau moʻolelo e pili ana i ka lele ʻana o ka falcons i ka ʻīlio, me ka manaʻo e ʻahaʻaina i nā moa, a kipaku aku iā ia, a waiho me ka ʻaina ʻole.
Hōʻike nā Falcons i ka wiwo ʻole a me ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka pale ʻana i nā pūnana a me nā keiki. Ua ulu ka evolution i loko o lākou i nā mana ikaika e mālama i kā lākou keiki ponoʻī, akā ʻo ke ʻano like ke alakaʻi i nā pōʻino e pili ana i ka make ʻana o nā manu. No laila, ke uē nui nei ke kaua o nā manu pīhoihoi, i hoʻolālā ʻia e makaʻu i ka ʻenemi, e lawelawe ma ke ʻano he detector no ka ʻike ʻana i ko lākou wahi pūnana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Sokol
Kūlike ʻole i nā loina āpau, ʻo kahi manu manuā maikaʻi a hoʻolaʻa hoʻi e ʻeha nui i nā hana a ke kanaka. Ua hoʻokau kahi makemake lapuwale no ka falconry i kekahi mau ʻano falcon ma ke kaʻe o ke ola. ʻO ka uku o kahi falcon hoʻomaʻamaʻa he nani loa ia no ka poʻe makemake e loaʻa kālā ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻulua nā mea ʻānai holoholona e luku i nā pūnana falcon, ke koho nei i kahi wahine mai ka pālua, ka mea i mahalo nui ʻia e ka poʻe kūʻai.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā falcons a me kā lākou lako meaʻai no ka hopena o ka hana a ke kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea ʻino o kēia au e kūʻē aku i nā manu koʻokoʻo ma nā māla i mahi ʻia, kahi meaʻai no nā mea ʻaihue ʻēheu, i kekahi manawa e alakaʻi i ka make nui o nā manu Ke emi nei nā kahua hopu holoholona o nā falcon, a ʻo ka nui o nā manu e hōʻemi mau ana.
Ke hoʻokō nei nā ʻepekema manu i kēia manawa i nā papahana like ʻole e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā falcon i ka nāhelehele. Kūpono ʻia nā hanana e like me ka kūleʻa a kumu kālā ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻokoʻa, akā pehea ka maikaʻi o kēia mau ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā laha, na ka manawa wale nō e haʻi.
Ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe i ka falcon me nā mākana hopu holoholona hanohano, ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki, ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻano hanohano. Akā kēia mau manu kupaianaha i hoʻomohala nui ʻia ʻaʻole i aʻo i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ke ola i nā kūlana o ka lāhui. ʻEha lākou i ke ʻano kūleʻa o ke kanaka i ke kūlohelohe. Inā ʻaʻole e loli ke kūlana, malia paha ma kēia hope koke e pono ai mākou e ʻohi i nā pōmaikaʻi o ia ʻano kuleana ʻole, me ka nānā ʻana i ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka helu o kēia mau ʻāniu ʻēheu kū hoʻokahi.
Lā o ka paʻi ʻia: Iune 17, 2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 20:22
