Ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o nā dinosaur mai ke alo o ka Honua, piʻi aʻe kahi mea ʻaihue nunui i ka piko o ke kaulahao meaʻai. manō megalodon... ʻO ke ana wale nō ka loaʻa ʻole o kāna waiwai ma ka ʻāina, akā i ka Honua Honua. Aia ke ʻano i ka wā Pliocene a me Miocene, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi mau ʻepekema ke kūleʻa me kēia a manaʻoʻiʻo hiki ke ola a hiki i kēia lā.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Shark Megalodon
ʻO Carcharocy megalodon kahi ʻano manō pupule no ka ʻohana Otodontidae. Unuhi ʻia mai ka Helene, ʻo ka inoa o ka moʻo nui "niho nui". Wahi a nā mea i loaʻa, manaʻo ʻia ua ʻike ʻia ka mea ʻaihue i 28 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ua luku ʻia ma kahi o 2.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: nunui loa nā niho o ka mea ʻaihue no kekahi manawa lōʻihi i manaʻo ʻia lākou he koena o nā ʻīlio hihiu a i ʻole nā moʻo kai nui.
I ka makahiki 1667, ua waiho ka ʻepekema ʻo Niels Stensen i ke kumumanaʻo ʻo ke koena ka mea ʻē aʻe o ka niho o kahi manō nunui. Kenekulia 19 megalodon ua hoʻokūpaʻa iā ia iho i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻepekema i kapa ʻia ʻo Carcharodon megalodon ma muli o ka like o nā niho me nā manō keʻokeʻo nui.
Video: ʻO Shark Megalodon
I nā makahiki 1960, ua hoʻohuli ke kanaka maoli Belgian E. Casier i ka manō i ka genus Procarcharodon, akā ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻokau ka mea noiʻi ʻo L. Glickman iā ia i ka moʻomeheu Megaselachus. Ua ʻike ka ʻepekema he ʻelua ʻano o nā niho manō - me ka ʻole o nā notches. Ma muli o kēia, neʻe nā ʻano mai kekahi ʻano a i kekahi, a hiki i ka 1987 ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ichthyologist Palani ʻo Capetta ka pilikua ma ke ʻano he genus o kēia manawa.
Ma mua, ua manaʻo ʻia he like nā helehelena me nā helehelena a me ke ʻano i nā manō keʻokeʻo, akā aia kekahi kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai, ma muli o ko lākou nui nui a me kahi niche o ke kaolaola ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa loa ka lawena o nā megalodons mai nā mea hōkai o kēia wā, a i ka nānā aku ua like ia me kahi kope nunui o kahi manō one. ...
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: megalodon manō nui
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka mea noho ma lalo o ka wai mai kāna mau niho i loaʻa. E like me nā manō ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia ka iwi iwi o ka pilikua me nā iwi, akā he kāwi. Ma kēia ʻano, he kakaikahi wale nō ke koena o nā moʻo kai i ola a hiki i kēia manawa.
ʻO nā niho o ka manō nunui ka iʻa nui a pau. I ka lōʻihi ua hiki lākou i 18 mau kenimika. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi o ka poʻe i lalo o ka wai ke kaena i kēlā mau ʻaka. ʻAno like ko lākou ʻano me nā niho o kahi manō keʻokeʻo nui, akā ʻekolu manawa ka liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka iwi iwi holoʻokoʻa, aia wale nō kekahi o kona vertebrae. ʻO ka loaʻa kaulana loa i hana ʻia ma 1929.
ʻO nā koena i hiki ke hoʻokolokolo i ka nui o nā iʻa i laulā.
- lōʻihi - 15-18 mika;
- ke kaupaona - 30-35 mau tona, a i ka i ʻoi aku o 47 tone.
Wahi a ka nui i manaʻo ʻia, aia ka megalodon ma ka papa inoa o nā poʻe wai nui nui loa a kū ma kahi pā me nā mosasaurs, deinosuchus, pliosaurs, basilosaurs, genosaurs, kronosaurs, purusaurs a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nui ka nui ma mua o nā mea ʻaihue ola.
ʻO nā niho o ka holoholona ka mea nui loa ma waena o nā manō āpau i noho ma ka Honua. ʻElua mika ka laulā o ka iwi ā. Aia i loko o ka waha he mau lālani ʻelima o nā niho ikaika. Ua hōʻea ka nui o kā lākou helu i 276 ʻāpana. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 17 kenimika.
Ua ola ka vertebrae a hiki i kēia lā ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium i kōkua i ke kākoʻo o ke kaupaona i ka wā o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka muscular. ʻO ka kolamu vertebral kaulana loa i loaʻa nā 150 vertebrae a i ka 15 centimetres i ke anawaena. ʻOiai ma 2006 ua loaʻa kahi kolamu spinal me ke anawaena ʻoi aku ka nui o ka vertebrae - 26 kenimika.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manō megalodon?
Kiʻi: ʻO ka manō kahiko Megalodon
Loaʻa nā iʻa iʻa nunui a puni, me ka Mariana Trench, ma kahi hohonu o 10 mau kilomita. Hōʻike ka hoʻolaha ākea i ka hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻana o ka predator i nā kūlana āpau, koe wale no nā wahi anuanu. Ua loli ka mahana o ka wai ma kahi o 12-27 ° C.
Loaʻa nā niho manō a me nā vertebrae i nā manawa like ʻole i nā wahi he nui o ka honua.
- ʻEulopa;
- ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAkau ʻĀkau;
- Kuba;
- Aotearoa;
- Nuhōlani;
- Pokoliko;
- Inia;
- Iapana;
- ʻApelika
- Iāmeka.
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻike i loko o ka wai hou ma Venezuela, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokolokolo i ka pono no ka mea i loko o ka wai hou, e like me ka manō bipi. ʻO nā mea ʻike loea loa i ʻike ʻia i ka wā Miocene (20 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei), akā aia kekahi ʻike e pili ana i nā koena mai ka wā ʻo Oligocene a me Eocene (33 a me 56 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei).
ʻO ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻokumu i kahi manawa maopopo no ka noho ʻana o nā laha ma muli o ka maopopo ʻole o ka palena ma waena o ka megalodon a me kāna kupuna i manaʻo ʻia ʻo Carcharocy chubutensis. ʻO ka loli mālie o nā hōʻailona o nā niho i ka papa o ka evolution i lawelawe i kēia.
Hāʻule ka manawa o ka luku ʻia o nā pilikua ma ka palena o ka Pliocene a me Pleistocene, i hoʻomaka ma kahi o 2.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua ʻike kekahi mau ʻepekema i kēia kiʻi he 1.7 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ke hilinaʻi nei i ke kumumanaʻo o ka ulu o ka pākī sediment, ua loaʻa i nā kānaka noiʻi he mau makahiki he mau kaukani a me nā haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā ma muli o nā ʻano ulu like ʻole a i ʻole kona hoʻopau ʻana, ʻaʻole pono kēia ʻano.
He aha ka meaʻai a ka manō megalodon?
Kiʻi: Shark Megalodon
Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā koholā niho, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea konohiki i ka poʻo o ka piramida meaʻai. ʻAʻohe o lākou loaʻa i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka nui o ko lākou nui, nā auwaha ikaika a me nā niho nui loa i ʻae iā lākou e alualu i nā mea pio nui, kahi i hiki ʻole i kahi manō hou ke kū i mua.
Mea hoihoi: manaʻoʻiʻo nā ʻIchthyologists he iwi ā pōkole kā ka mea hoʻomake a ʻike ʻole pehea e lālau nui ai i ka mea pio a haehae iā ia, akā ua haehae wale i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili a me nā mākala nui. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana hānai a ka pilikua ma mua o kēlā, no ka laʻana, ka Mosasaurus.
Hāʻawi nā mōʻalihaku me nā koʻi o nā manō manamana i kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻokolokolo i ka papaʻai o ka pilikua:
- kohola sperm;
- cetotherium;
- kohola kik Bowhead;
- kohola kaha onionio;
- nā ʻīlio walrus;
- honu;
- porpoise;
- sirena;
- pinnipeds;
- ʻae ʻia e nā cephates.
Hānai nui ʻia ʻo Megalodon i nā holoholona mai ka nui o 2 a 7 mau mika. ʻO ka hapa nui he mau koholā koholā kēia, he haʻahaʻa ko lākou māmā a ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kūpaʻa i ka manō. ʻOiai kēia, pono nō ka Megalodon i kahi hoʻolālā hopu holoholona e hopu iā lākou.
Ma nā koena o nā koholā, ua loaʻa nā māka nahu o ka manō nui, a ʻo kekahi o lākou he mau niho nunui e pili ana. I ka 2008, ua helu kahi hui o ichthyologists i ka ikaika o kahi nahu predator. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mana ma mua o nā iʻa o kēia mau lā a he 3 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka mana ma mua o ka crocodile i hoʻohui ʻia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: megalodon manō nui
ʻO ke kumu, hoʻouka ka manō i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i nā wahi nāwaliwali. Eia nō naʻe, he ʻano ʻokoʻa iki kā ka Megalodon. Ua kuʻi mua ka iʻa i ka mea pio. Ma kahi ala like, ua haki lākou i nā iwi o ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia a hoʻokau ʻia ka poino ma nā mea kūloko. Ua nalowale ka hiki i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia ke neʻe a ʻai mālie ka mea ʻaihue.
No nā mea pio nui loa, ua nahu ʻia nā iʻa mai kā lākou huelo a me nā ʻāpana i hiki ʻole iā lākou ke ʻau aku, a pepehi ʻia. Ma muli o ko lākou hoʻomanawanui nāwaliwali a me ka wikiwiki, ʻaʻole hiki i nā megalodons ke alualu i ka mea pio no ka manawa lōʻihi, no laila ua hoʻouka lākou iā ia mai kahi hoʻohālua, me ka makaʻu ʻole i ka hele i kahi alualu lōʻihi.
I ka wā Pliocene, me ka hiʻona o nā cetaceans nui a ʻoi aku ka nui, pono e hoʻololi nā pilikua kai i kā lākou kumumanaʻo. Pākuʻi pololei lākou i ka ribcage e hōʻino ai i ka puʻuwai o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia a me nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ka iwi kuamoʻo. E nahu i nā flip a me nā peʻa.
ʻO kahi mana ākea loa ka nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka, ma muli o ka lohi o ka metabolism a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika o ke kino ma mua o nā holoholona ʻōpio, ʻai i ka nui o ke kino a hana iki i ka hopu holoholona. ʻAʻole hiki i ka hōʻino i nā koena i hiki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hana a ka moʻohe, akā no ke ʻano o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kūloko mai ka umauma o ka iʻa make.
He paʻakikī loa e hoʻopaʻa i kahi kohola liʻiliʻi ma ke nahu ʻana iā ia i ka hope a i ʻole ka umauma. E maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻouka i ka mea pio i loko o ka ʻōpū, e like me ka hana a nā manō hou. Hōʻoia kēia e ka ikaika nui o nā niho o nā manō mākua. Ua like ka niho o ka ʻōpio me nā niho o nā manō keʻokeʻo o kēia lā.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻO ka manō kahiko Megalodon
Aia kekahi kumumanaʻo ua pau ka megalodon i ka manawa o ka Isthmus o Panama. I kēia wā, ua loli ke aniau, ua hoʻololi nā ʻanehana mehana i nā ʻaoʻao. Ma aneʻi i loaʻa kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā niho o nā keiki a ka nunui. Ua kīkē nā manō i nā keiki i loko o ka wai papau, a noho nā keiki ma aneʻi no ka manawa mua o ko lākou ola.
I ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa kahi wahi like, akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻohe ona. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ma mua o kēia, ua loaʻa kahi loaʻa like ma Karolina Hema, akā ʻo kēia nā niho o nā mākua. ʻO ka like o kēia mau mea i ʻike ʻia aia ma luna o ka ʻilikai nā wahi ʻelua. ʻO ke ʻano o ia, noho ka manō i ka wai pāpaʻu, a i holo paha i aneʻi e hānau.
Ma mua o kēia ʻike ʻia, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ka poʻe noiʻi ʻaʻole pono i nā cub nunui kahi pale, no ka mea ʻo lākou ka nui o nā laha ma ka honua. Hōʻoia nā mea i loaʻa ke kuhiakau i ka noho ʻana o nā ʻōpio i ka wai pāpaʻu i hiki iā lākou ke pale iā lākou iho, no ka mea hiki ke lilo nā pēpē ʻelua mika i pio na kahi manō nui ʻē aʻe.
Manaʻo ʻia he hiki i ka poʻe nunui o ka wai ke hana i hoʻokahi pēpē i ka manawa. He 2-3 mau mika ka lōʻihi o nā pahu a hoʻouka kaua i nā holoholona nui ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana. Ua alualu lākou i nā pūʻā bipi kai a hopu i ke kanaka mua a lākou i ʻike ai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka manō megalodon
Kiʻi: Megalodon Giant Shark
ʻOiai ke kūlana o ka loulou kiʻekiʻe loa i ke kaulahao meaʻai, he ʻenemi ko ka predator, ʻo kekahi o lākou nā mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai.
Kūlana nā mea noiʻi ma waena o lākou:
- mamele kula hānai;
- kohola kohola;
- kohola niho;
- kekahi manō nui.
ʻO nā koholā orca i kupu mai ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka evolution ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻaʻole wale e kahi meaola ikaika a me nā niho ikaika, akā e kahi ʻike hoʻomohala hou aʻe. Ua ʻimi lākou i nā pūʻolo, kahi i hoʻemi nui ai i ka manawa e ola ai ka Megalodon. ʻO nā koholā hoʻomake, i ko lākou ʻano ʻano, kūʻē i nā ʻōpio i nā hui a ʻai i ka ʻōpio.
Ua ʻoi aku ka holomua o nā kohola kohola i ka hopu holoholona. Ma muli o ko lākou wikiwiki, ʻai lākou i nā iʻa nui āpau i ke kai, ʻaʻole i waiho i kahi meaʻai na ka megalodon. Ua pakele nā kohola kohola iā lākou iho mai nā ʻāʻī o ka moʻo nui o ka wai me ke kōkua o ko lākou dexterity a me ke akamai. Hiki iā lākou ke pepehi i nā mākua.
Ua noho nā mōneka o ka wai i loko o kahi manawa maikaʻi no ka laha, no ka mea ʻaʻohe hoʻokūkū meaʻai, a he heluna nui o nā koholā lohi a hoʻomōhala ʻole ʻia i noho i ke kai. Ke loli ke aniau a anuanu ke anuanu o ke kai, ua hala kā lākou meaʻai nui, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka make ʻana o kēia ʻano.
ʻO ka lahilahi o ka mea pio nui i alakaʻi ai i ka pōloli mau o ka iʻa nunui. Ke ʻimi nei lākou i ka meaʻai i ka wā hiki loa. I ka wā wī, lilo pinepine nā hihia o ka cannibalism, a i ka wā o ka pilikia o ka meaʻai i ka Pliocene ua hoʻopau ka poʻe hope loa iā lākou iho.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Shark Megalodon
Hāʻawi ʻo Fossil i kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻokolokolo ai i ka nui o nā laha a me kāna hoʻolaha ākea. Eia nō naʻe, pili kekahi mau mea i ka emi o ka heluna kanaka, a laila ka nalowale piha ʻana o ka megalodon. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke kumu o ka make ka hewa o ka laha ponoʻī, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻopili i kekahi mea.
He mau manaʻo like ʻole kā Paleontologists e pili ana i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻohuli i ka luku ʻia o nā mea hoʻomake. Ma muli o ka loli ʻana o ke ala o nā kahawai, ua pau nā kahawai mehana i ke komo ʻana i ka Arctic a ua lilo ke anu o ka hemisphere i anuanu no nā manō thermophilic. Ua noho ka lehulehu i ka Hemisphere Hema a hiki i ko lākou nalowale loa ʻana.
Mea hoihoi: manaʻo kekahi mau ichthyologists hiki i ka laha ke ola i ko mākou manawa ma muli o nā loaʻa, i manaʻo ʻia he 24 tausani a me 11 tausani mau makahiki. ʻO nā ʻōlelo koi he 5% wale nō o ke kai i ʻimi ʻia e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka manaolana e peʻe paha kahi mea ʻino ma kahi ʻē. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kū i kēia kumumanaʻo i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻepekema.
I Nowemapa 2013, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi wikiō i paʻi ʻia e nā Kepani ma ka Pūnaewele. Hoʻopio ia i kahi manō nui, i hala aku nā mea kākau ma ke ʻano he mōʻī o ke kai. Ua paʻi ʻia ke wikiō ma kahi hohonu ma ka Mariana Trench. Eia nō naʻe, māhelehele ʻia nā manaʻo a manaʻo ka ʻepekema ua hoʻopunipuni ʻia ka wikiō.
ʻO wai o nā kumumanaʻo o ka nalo ʻana o ka pilikua ma lalo o ka wai e pololei, ʻaʻole paha mākou e ʻike. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea ʻaihue ke haʻi hou iā mākou e pili ana i kēia, a hiki i nā ʻepekema ke waiho wale i nā manaʻo a hana i nā manaʻo. Inā ua ʻoi aku kahi ʻāwaha e ola a hiki i kēia lā, inā ua ʻike ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, e loaʻa mau ana kahi pākēneka o ka likelihood e ola ai ka moʻo nui mai ka hohonu.
Lā hoʻopuka: 06/07/2019
Lā hou: 07.10.2019 ma 22:09
