Aia ke kaʻina o nā passerines i kahi kala ʻālohilohi maʻamau manu oriole - he mea hīmeni aloha kūʻokoʻa. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike iā ia i ka nohona kūlohelohe ma muli o kona nohona kaʻawale, akahele a me ka hūnā. Aia kahi hōʻailona ma ka moʻolelo Slavic. Inā ʻike ʻia kahi manu i kahi lole nani hoʻonaninani, a laila hiki i ka hekili i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ua ana.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO nā ʻano 30 e noho nei, ka mea ʻike nui ʻia oriole maʻamaue noho nei ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia. He paʻakikī nā poʻe o kēia ʻano e huikau me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ma muli o kā lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. ʻOi aku i waena o nā kalaunu o nā kumulāʻau, ke kua "gula", ka ʻōpū o ke kāne me ka huelo ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa, nā ʻeheu a me kahi nuku pololei elongated, pena ʻia i nā ʻula ʻulaʻula, ʻike maopopo ʻia.
Ke holo nei kahi laina ʻeleʻele i waho, i nā kihi o loko o nā maka ʻulaʻula iridescent, e piʻi ana i kahi nuku ikaika a pololei. Kalaunu ʻia nā paws lahilahi me nā manamana ʻehā me nā māiʻu ʻoi loa. Kino elongated - a i 25 cm ka lōʻihi, ke kaupaona - 0.1 kg. Oriole i ke kiʻi nani ke nānā aku ma muli o nā hulu kokoke i ka ʻili. ʻIke ʻia ka hiʻohiona genital i nā kala. ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia nā wahine.
ʻO Belly, umauma - keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a melemele paha me nā blotches ʻeleʻele, e like me ka thrushes. ʻO nā leo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e malu ana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kua, ka huelo ʻoliva a me nā ʻēheu - ka huna maikaʻi loa i ka hatching a paʻa. ʻO ke kala like i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻōpio.
Inā lohe ʻia ʻo "fi-tiu-liu" i ka nahele, ʻo ia hoʻi ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kāne e hoʻowalewale i kahi ipo wahine e hana i kahi pālua. Hīmeni hīmeni like me nā leo i hana ʻia mai ka ohe. ʻO kahi ʻāwī e ʻoluʻolu i ka pepeiao ke pani ʻia e ke kani ʻana a i ʻole ke kolo ʻana.
I ka manawa kokoke i ka weliweli, ke kamaʻilio pū ana ma waena o nā lunamaka o nā laha a i ʻole ka pō o ka ua, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ke kaniʻuhū ʻana, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka uwa o ka pōpoki. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻikepili leo leo wahine, hiki wale iā lākou ke oli.
Ke ʻike ʻana i kahi oriole mele e noho ana ma ka lālā kalaunu he kūleʻa nui. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka nānā ʻana iā ia i kahi lele manuahi i ana ʻia, ʻo ka wikiwiki i nā minuke o ka weliweli e hoʻonui i 40-60 km / h.
Oriole lele i kahi ākea e ʻimi ai i kahi kahua meaʻai hou a i ʻole neʻe i nā ʻāina mehana. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa e hoʻokele, lele i nā nalu mai kahi lāʻau a kekahi.
Nā ʻano
Ma waho aʻe o ka oriole maʻamau e noho ana ma Eurasia, ka pūnana orimole ʻo Baltimore i ʻAmelika Hema, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano he 28 i ke aniau wela o ʻApelika, ʻAsia a me ʻAukekulia.
ʻO nā mea he nui, nā ʻano kaulana loa, e noʻonoʻo mākou i nā mea maʻamau:
1. Oriole poʻo ʻeleʻele ʻApelika... Noho ka lehulehu i nā ululāʻau o ʻApelika. ʻO nā manu liʻiliʻi he eheu o 25-30 cm wale nō. ʻO nā kala o ka Plumage me ka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke kua, gula ma ka ʻōpū. Nā peʻa, ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, pena ʻia i ka ʻeleʻele, e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa i ke kua mālamalama, ʻōpū, huelo gula me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka o ke kau moʻo, ka helu o nā hua i loko o ka lālau ʻokoʻa e like me ka nohona. I nā ululāʻau equatorial, mākaukau ka pālua no ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma Pepeluali-Malaki a waiho wale i 2 mau hua. Ma Tanzania, kahi i hiki ai i ke Kai ʻInikia, pili nā manu i Nowemapa-Kekemapa, a ʻo ka hopena he ʻehā mau moa.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o ka oriole poʻo ʻeleʻele ʻApelika me nā hua, nā pua, nā hua. Hoʻonui nā pepelu i kahi mahele liʻiliʻi o ka papaʻai. Hoʻokumu ka manu i ka nui o ka hōʻino i ka mahiʻai, mahi ʻai amateur.
2. Oriole poʻo ʻeleʻele Kina... Noho ka ʻano i ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia - ka Kōlea Kōlea, Kina, Pilipino. Ma Rūsia, loaʻa ia ma ka Hikina hikina. Hoʻolilo i nā hoʻoilo ma Malaysia, Myanmar. Me ka hilahila a me ka launa ʻole, makemake nā ʻelele o nā laha e noho i nā pā kaona o ke kūlanakauhale, ma waho o nā ululāʻau deciduous kokoke i nā wahi noho.
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā hulu kāne me ka melemele a me ka ʻeleʻele. I nā wahine, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā leo gula me nā greens masking. ʻUlaʻula ka nuku o ka oriole poʻo ʻeleʻele Kina, elongated i ke ʻano o ka cone. ʻAʻole like me ko ʻApelika, poʻo ʻeleʻele ʻInia, ʻaʻole pouli ke poʻo o Kina.
ʻO kahi kaha ākea e holo mai ke kua o ke poʻo ma o nā maka ʻulaʻula i ka nuku ʻeleʻele. Aia i ka paʻa lima a i ʻelima mau hua ʻulaʻula me nā ʻōniʻomaʻo. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka laha e ka emi ʻana o nā helu ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā wahi kūpono i ke ola no ka heluna kanaka, ke ʻānai ʻana i ka nāhelehele.
3. ʻO Oriole poʻo poʻo poʻoʻeleʻele... Pālahalaha, mauna, nā wahi o nā wahi noho o nā laha ma luna o 1000 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai, nā ululāʻau ʻo India, Thailand, Pakistan, Burma. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka ʻeleʻele ʻInia i nā kiko waena o ka ʻāina nui, akā ma Sumatra, Borneo, nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi e pili ana, ua koho ʻo ia i ke kapakai.
Kūleʻa ka nui o nā manu i ka hapa nui o nā lālā o ka ʻohana oriole. Lōʻihi - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 cm. ʻO ke kua, ka umauma, ʻōpū o nā kāne he gula. ʻEleʻele nā ʻēheu a me ka huelo me ka ʻili melemele. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mālamalama o nā wahine, ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu melemele i nā leo ʻoliva.
He poʻo ko nā pīpī holo ʻeleʻele ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele āpau, e like me nā kanaka makua moekolohe, akā me kahi wahi gula-melemele ma ka lae, ʻeleʻele ka ʻāʻī me ka lehu mauna māmā. Pink, me nā aka ʻokoʻa o nā hua ʻulaʻula i loko o kahi paʻa o ka ʻĀneki poʻo poʻo ʻeleʻele a i ʻehā mau ʻāpana.
4. ʻO Oriole i hoʻoili ʻia... ʻO nā manu o kēia ʻano laha i ka waena a me ke komohana hema o ka mokupuni lua pele ʻo Sao Tome, aia ma ke kai komohana o ka ʻāina ʻApelika. Hoʻomaopopo ka ʻāina mauna o ka panalāʻau i ka nohona o nā manu i nā nahele mauna mauna. Aia ka nui o ka heluna kanaka i 1.5 mano mau kānaka.
ʻO nā manu he 20 kenetimita o nā kāne ʻelua he nuku ākea, ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula hoʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano moekolohe o nā orioles i hoʻoilina nui ʻia i ke kala. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka plumage ʻeleʻele o ke poʻo o ke kāne, i nā wahine ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke poʻo, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ke kala o ke kua, haʻi ʻia nā hahau lōʻihi ma ka umauma. Hana hou nā kāne a hānai ʻaʻole ma mua o ʻekolu mau moa i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
ʻO ka plumage o ka hapanui o nā ʻano oriole e laʻa me ka melemele, ʻeleʻele, a me nā aka o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Akā he ʻokoʻa kekahi. Kūlike ke kala o ka oriole ʻeleʻele i ka inoa, ua hoʻomalu ʻia ke koko e nā leo ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻeleʻele, a keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ke kālā. ʻOkoʻa ka greenhead mai ke koena o nā laha i kona poʻo ʻoliva, ka umauma, hope a me nā wāwae i ka polū.
Manu ʻolokeʻainā pili ia i ko Isabella ʻano. Noho wale kahi heluna kanaka liʻiliʻi ma Pilipine, aia ma ka ʻaneʻane o ka make loa, a pale ʻia e ka mokuʻāina.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ʻo Orioles i loko o nā ululāʻau subtropical deciduous a me tropical, nā pāka, makemake i ke kokoke o nā kino wai. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka "ʻauʻau" ʻana o nā manu i nā manawa he nui i ka lā. E ʻauʻau pinepine nā kāne. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka hapa nui o nā laha ma ʻApelika Hikina, Australia mahana, a me ʻAsia Hema. Noho pinepine ʻia nā ululāʻau Coniferous ma mua o nā mea laulā.
Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike ʻaʻan oriole malihini a ʻaʻole paha, kuhikuhi i ka laha. ʻO ka heluna nui o nā pūnana manu a me nā hibernates ma kahi hoʻokahi. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ka oriole maʻamau a me ka Baltimore Oriole, ka poʻe i neʻe mai ko lākou mau wahi ponoʻī no ka hoʻoilo, me ka helu ʻole ʻana i ka holoholo ʻana o nā laha ʻē aʻe i kahi mamao aku i ka wā o ka pūnana.
ʻO ka mea mua i hele i nā ʻāina ʻApelika, ʻo tropical tropical Asia, ʻo ka hoʻoilo ʻelua ma ke kikowaena waena a me nā wahi hema o ʻAmelika. Noho ka Oriole i ka hapa nui o ka lā i nā ʻaoʻao luna o nā kalaunu o nā popela kiʻekiʻe, nā birch, nā ʻoka, a me nā aspens. ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o nā lāhui ʻApelika i nā ululāʻau tropika hou, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i nā biotopes maloʻo a maikaʻi.
Hōʻalo nā manu i nā mea ulu nunui, nā ululāʻauʻeleʻele, nā wahi mauna kiʻekiʻe. I ka wā maloʻo o ke kauwela, lele lākou i loko o nā mānoanoa o nā kahawai wai o nā kino wai. Kākaʻikahi wale nō, akā aia nō kekahi mau manu i ka mauʻu a ulu nāhelehele o nā ulu lāʻau paina. Lawe ʻo Orioles i kahi moemoeā i nā wahi kokoke i nā hale kanaka - i nā pāka o nā kūlanakauhale, nā māla, a me nā ʻāpana o nā māla ulu ulu.
ʻAʻole pili ka Orioles i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, mai hana i nā hipa, nā kolone. Noho lākou hoʻokahi a i ʻole pālua paha. E iho lākou i ka honua i nā kūlana kūikawā, hoʻāʻo lākou ʻaʻole e ʻike i kahi kanaka. Pili kēia mea me ka hapa liʻiliʻi o ka hana hou ʻana o nā keiki.ʻO ke kāne a me ka wahine i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana i nā moa e koi i kahi kahua meaʻai nui - a hiki i 25 hectares.
ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā mea kolo parasite, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻenuhe hulu ʻawahia, hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i ka pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā mea ʻino i nā ululāʻau, nā pāka, nā māla, a hoʻonui i ke ola o nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka hiki ʻole o nā pūnana, nā camouflage maikaʻi ke hōʻoia ʻole i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻenemi ma waena o nā mea hulu manu. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki, ʻaʻohe hiki i nā orioles makua ke lele i per faline falcon, kestrel, kites, aeto gula a me nā hawk. ʻO nā kuʻi pinepine ka pahu. Mai noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua moa, jackdaws, muries, akā pale ikaika nā mākua i nā keiki e hiki mai ana, e pale ana i ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā pūnana.
ʻAʻole kūpono nā manu i ke ola i ka pio. Ma ke kūlohelohe, akahele lākou a hilinaʻi ʻole hoʻi, mai hoʻokuʻu i kahi kanaka kokoke iā lākou. Ke hoʻokokoke ʻo ia, hilahila lākou, kuʻi i nā koʻokoʻo o ka pā, nalowale nā hulu. ʻOiai lākou e hoʻomaka e hānai, make lākou i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ʻo ka meaʻai i mōhai ʻia i nā hale kūʻai holoholona ʻaʻole kūpono i nā pono o ka oriole.
Lulu nā mea aloha Songbird i nā moa i lawe ʻia mai ka pūnana. Akā e like me kā lākou hōʻike manaʻo, hīmeni nui ka oriole a ʻū pinepine a me nā meow leʻaleʻa ma mua o ka loli. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā plumage mālamalama.
Lulu a manu ʻole ka manu i ka helehelena. E hoʻolohe ai i ka Oriole e hīmeni ana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hele i ka nahele. ʻAʻole kūpono ka manu no ke kuleana o kahi holoholona, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole make ia, e ʻeha ia no ke koena o kona ola i ka noho pio ʻana.
ʻAiʻai Pono
No ka mea Noho ʻo oriole i nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o nā kalaunu o nā lāʻau deciduous a ma ka mauʻu mauʻu ʻaʻole e iho, ʻo ka papaʻai nā mea kolo e hoʻomake a noho i nā kumulāʻau, nā hua o nā kumulāʻau hua a me nā kumu berry. ʻO kaʻai moa nā:
• nā lūlū, nā anuhe, nā larvae;
• nā makika;
• nā dragonflies;
• nā ʻūhini, cicadas;
• nā ʻūpā, nā nananana;
• lele;
• nā nalo lāʻau - nā nalo honua, nā nalo lau, kaomi i nā nalo, nā nalo longhorn.
Hiki i ka Oriole ke luku i nā pūnana manu i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hua manu a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā moʻo liʻiliʻi. Ke oʻo nā hua i nā wahi o ka pūnana, ka hoʻoilo, ke kumu o ka papa kuhikuhi i haku ʻia i nā cheri, nā currants, nā pua manu, nā fiku, nā hua waina, nā pears, nā ʻapelika. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua ʻana, ʻai ʻoluʻolu nā manu i nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā pua o nā lāʻau.
Hiki wale i ka oriole a me ka cuckoo ke ʻai i nā ʻenuhe huluhulu ʻōpala; ʻo ke koena o ka papa manu e nānā ʻole i kēia mau mea kolo ma muli o ko lākou ʻino. ʻO nā meaʻai holoholona nā kumu o ka meaʻai pono ma nā ʻano āpau, koe wale nō nā Baltimore, fiku, a me nā orioles poʻo ʻeleʻele ʻApelika, makemake i ka mea kanu mea kanu. Hānai nui nā manu mai ke kakahiaka a i ke awakea.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ua hōʻea ka Orioles wintering i nā wahi mehana i kā lākou wahi pūnaewele ma ka waena o Mei. Hoʻi mua nā kāne, lele nā wahine i kekahi mau lā ma hope. ʻO ka hoʻowalewale ʻana i nā ipo wahine, ʻaʻole wale nā manu e hoʻokuʻu i kahi mele melodic, akā lele pū kekahi i kahi lālā, e hulu ʻana i ka hulu ma ka huelo. Pane ka wahine me ka wili ʻana o kāna huelo a me nā ʻeheu.
Inā koi kekahi mau kāne iā ia, a laila kū nā hakakā ikaika ma waena o lākou, kahi e lanakila ai ka ʻoi loa. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, hoʻoholo ka Orioles me ke koho o kahi pālua e mau ana no ke ola.
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Serenades kahi mea o ka noho aloha, akā he inoa hoʻi o ka wahi hānai, kahi e ʻoi aku ai, ʻoi aku ka leo o ka mea mele a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke mele. Makemake ʻo Orioles i ka pūnana kiʻekiʻe i nā kalaunu o nā lāʻau laulā i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 a 15 m mai ka honua, akā hiki iā lākou ke kūkulu i kahi pūnana ma nā ulu lāʻau willow a i ʻole ka pine pine. Komo nā mākua ʻelua i ka hanana. Hoʻomaopopo pono ʻia nā kuleana i loko o ka wahine. Lawe ka makua kāne i nā mea kūkulu hale, komo ka wahine i ka hana kūkulu.
Koho ʻia kēia wahi ma kahi mamao mai ke kumu o ka pahu ma nā lālā. Ke hana nei i kahi pūnana, hoʻokahi pule a me ka hapalua ka lōʻihi, hoʻohana lākou i nā olonā bast i pulu ʻia, nā mauʻu o ka mauʻu, ka ʻili birch, nā lau. Hoʻopili ʻia nā māwae me nā cobwebs, tow. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lalo me ka limu palupalu a me ka hulu. No nā mea camouflage, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā paia o waho me ka bark birch mai ka pahu mai.
Pūnana Oriole Loaʻa iā ia ke ʻano o ka hīnaʻi puna, a i nā ʻano tropical e like ia me kahi ʻeke elongated. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hanana i nā lālā i mea e nānā hapa ʻia ai ma waena o nā lālā ʻelua.
ʻO ka oriole maʻamau kahi hohonu o 9 cm no nā moa a me ke anawaena a 16 cm. Ua ʻike nā Ornithologists ua hili ʻia ka pūnana i ka pahu i ka hopena o ke kūkulu ʻana. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia kūlana no ke kaupaona o nā moa. Ma lalo o kā lākou nui, pae ʻia ka hanana. Inā ʻaʻole he ʻōwili, e hāʻule nā moa mai ka pūnana a i ka honua.
ʻO ka pinepine, waiho ka oriole i 4 mau hua ʻōniʻoniʻo me nā kiko palaoa e kaupaona ana 0.4-0.5 g, emi iki - 3 a i ʻole 5. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka wahine i ke kūpeʻe, kahi manawa i hoʻololi ʻia e ka makua ʻelua i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana a me nā hola wela loa. Pale ka makuakāne o ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka wahine a me nā hua mai nā malihini kipa ʻole ʻia. Kipaku aku i nā ʻalalā, nā ʻū, a komo i ka pono o ka pūnana.
I loko o ʻelua mau pule, ua uhi ʻia nā moa makapō me kahi hulu melemele ʻeleʻele melemele i loko o ka pūpū. No nā lā 5 mua, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka wahine i ka pūnana, e hoʻomehana ana i nā kino huluhulu ʻole. Pili wale ka makuakāne i ka meaʻai.
Ma hope, hānai nā mākua ʻelua i kā lāua pua. Ua helu nā ʻepekema i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka mahu me ka mea pio ma kahi o 200 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO kaʻai nui o nā meaʻai holoholona, a me nā hua hope, ʻike ʻia i ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o nā moa. Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia ka make mua ʻana o nā manu e nā ʻekela nui ma ke kuʻi ʻana i nā lālā a i ʻole kahi kumu lāʻau i nā manawa he nui.
Ma hope o 2.5 mau wiki, ʻaʻole kūpono nā manu ʻōpio i ka pūnana, neʻe lākou i nā lālā kokoke loa. Hoʻololi ʻia ʻo Down i ka plumage, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā pīpī ke lele, hana wale lākou i kā lākou mau hoʻāʻo mua. I kēia manawa, nāwaliwali loa lākou, no ka mea, lilo lākou i mea maʻalahi no nā mea hulu manu, hiki iā lākou ke hāʻule i ka honua, make i ka pōloli.
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi moa ma ka honua, koi ʻia e kanu ma ka lālā lalo. Ke neʻe nei i ka lāʻau a hana i nā mokulele pōkole, hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i ka pūnana. Pono nā ʻōpio i ke kākoʻo makua no 14 mau lā hou, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e alakaʻi i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio ke oʻo makua i ka Mei aʻe.
ʻO nā mākua a me nā ʻōpio ulu ulu i loaʻa ka ikaika e lele lele no ka hoʻoilo i ka hopena o ʻAukake. Ua hōʻea ka oriole maʻamau i ʻApelika e ʻOkakopa. Me ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai, nā kūlana anilā maikaʻi, ola nā manu a 15 mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma mua he 8 mau makahiki. I nā hīnaʻi, ola nā orioles i 3-4 mau makahiki a make me ka haʻalele ʻole i nā keiki.
