ʻEleʻele me nā ʻaoʻao keʻokeʻo murie - ʻo kēia kekahi o nā manu ʻike nui ʻia, ka heroine o nā ʻōlelo hoʻohina, nā mele a me nā mea hoʻomākeʻaka. Maʻa mau ka manu i nā kūlanakauhale, a paʻakikī kāna huikau e huikau me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. Eia pū kekahi ke aloha kaulana o nā mopy no nā mea ʻōlinolino. Eia kekahi, he ʻike kupaianaha kāna a me ka wit wikiwiki.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Soroka
ʻO Magpie, he mopie maʻamau ia, a i ʻole, e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa he European murie, he manu kaulana loa ia mai ka ʻohana o nā corvids o ke kauoha o passerines. Me kona inoa, ua hāʻawi pū ʻo ia i ka inoa i ka genus he kanahā, a ʻo ia pū kekahi me nā exotic species, e like me ke kanahā maʻamau o ke ʻano o ke kino, akā ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā kala ʻālohilohi a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka inoa Lākina o kēia ʻano he Pica pica. ʻO nā ʻohana pili loa o kēia mau manu he mau manu koraka a me nā jays.
ʻAʻole maopopo ka manawa o ke kumu o ka mopies a me ko lākou kaʻawale ʻana mai ke koena o nā corvids. ʻO nā fossil mua loa o nā manu e like me nā corvids mai ka Middle Miocene, a ʻo ko lākou mau makahiki ma kahi o 17 miliona mau makahiki. Ua loaʻa lākou ma ka panalāʻau o Palani hou a me Kelemania. Mai kēia, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻohana i nā ʻano i hala ma hope.
Video: Soroka
I kēia manawa ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ornithologists mai ka manaʻo e hōʻike i nā mopies ma ke ʻano he laha i ʻEulopa, a pāhola iki i Eurasia, a laila i ka hopena ua hele mai ʻo Pleistocene i ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema hou ma o ka Bering Strait. Eia nō naʻe, ma Texas, ua ʻike ʻia nā mōʻalihaku i ʻoi aku ka like me ka muria ʻEulopa o kēia manawa ma mua o nā ʻāpana o Kaleponi, no laila ua kupu aʻe kahi mana i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka magpie maʻamau ma ke ʻano he ʻano i loko o ka Pliocene, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma kahi o 2-5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā i kekahi hihia ʻaʻole ma mua. kēia manawa.
I kēia lā, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10 mau ʻāpana o ka murie i ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o nā mopies maʻamau ko lākou huelo lōʻihi a me ke kala ʻeleʻele a me keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: murie manu
Kūleʻa ke kala o Magpie, a no laila ʻike nui ʻia e ka hapa nui. ʻEleʻele a keʻokeʻo ka plumage holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ke poʻo o ka manu, kona ʻāʻī, hoʻi a me ka umauma a me ka huelo ʻeleʻele me ka mea hao, i kekahi manawa bluish bluish tint, shimmer a me ka ʻōlinolino, i hōʻike nui ʻia i ka lā. I kēia hihia, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, nā ʻaoʻao a me nā poʻohiwi o ka murie. I kekahi manawa hana ʻia nā peʻe o nā ʻēheu e pena keʻokeʻo ʻia hoʻi. No ke ʻano keʻokeʻo o kona ʻano, ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā muria he "ʻie ʻaoʻao keʻokeʻo".
Hiki i nā Magpies a 50 cm ka lōʻihi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma kahi o 40-45 cm.ʻO ka ʻūheu he 50-70 cm, i kekahi mau manawa a 90 cm, akā he ʻokoʻa kēia ma mua o kahi maʻamau. Ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, kokoke 25 cm, kahi kokoke i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ka manu holoʻokoʻa, hehi a maʻalahi. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne ma waho, no ka mea, he like ko lākou kala a me ka nui.
Aia nō he ʻokoʻa, a aia ia i loko o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke kaumaha iki o nā kāne, akā ʻike ʻole ʻia kēia ma waho. Kaupaona ke kāne maʻamau ma kahi o 230 gram, ʻo ke kaupaona o ka wahine ma 200 gram. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka manu, pelu iki ka nuku a ikaika loa, a he ʻano maʻamau ia no nā corvids āpau.
ʻO nā pā o ka lōʻihi waena, akā lahilahi, me nā manamana wāwae ʻehā. Holo ia i ka honua me kanahā lele a lele, a ma ka manawa like ma nā ʻāpā ʻelua. Paʻa ka huelo. ʻO ka Gait e like me nā manu koraka a i ʻole nā manu nūnū ʻaʻole maʻamau no ke kanahā. I ka lele ʻana, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka manu e heʻe, no laila ke nānā aku nei ka lele o ka murie i ke kaumaha a me ka ʻono ʻole. Kāhea ʻia ʻo ia i kekahi manawa "luʻu". I ka wā o kona lele ʻana, hohola ka magpie i kona mau ʻeheu a pālahalaha i kona huelo, no laila he nani loa ia, a like kona ʻano me nā manu o paradaiso.
ʻO ke kani leo nui o ka murie he ʻano nui loa ia. Hoʻomaopopo loa ʻia kona kani a no laila paʻakikī e huikau iā ia me nā uē manu ʻē aʻe.
Ma hea e noho ai ka magpie?
Kiʻi: holoholona Magpie
Aia nā wahi noho he kanahā ma Eurasia, koe wale nō kona ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina, akā aia kahi heluna kanaka ma Kamchatka. Noho ʻia nā Magpies a puni ʻo ʻEulopa mai Sepania a me Helene a i ka Scandinavian Peninsula. Hele ʻole kēia mau manu mai kekahi mau mokupuni wale nō ma ke Kaiwaenahonua. Ma ʻAsia, noho nā manu ma ka hema o 65 ° latitude ʻākau, a kokoke i ka hikina, ka palena ʻākau o ka mopie e hoʻi mālie a hema i 50 ° latitu ʻākau.
I kahi palena, noho nā manu i ka ʻākau, kokoke loa i ʻEulopa, nā ʻāpana o ʻApelika - ka hapa nui o nā kahakai o Algeria, Morocco a me Tunisia. Ma ka hemisphere komohana, ʻike wale ʻia nā mopies ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ma kona mau komohana komohana mai Alaska a Kaleponi.
ʻO nā wahi maʻamau no ka muries he ākea ākea, kūpono no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Akā i ka manawa like, pono lākou i kokoke i nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā kumulāʻau i hiki ai i kahi pūnana nui ke hana. Kākaʻikahi loa i nā ulu lāʻau nui. Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka murie he kamaʻāina kaiāulu maʻamau. Makemake ʻo ia e noho ma kahi o nā nāhelehele a me nā māla, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā laʻalāʻau a me nā kāʻei ulu lāʻau. Akā loaʻa kekahi mau mopies i nā pāka a me nā alaloa o ke kūlanakauhale, i pili me ka ʻimi maʻalahi no nā meaʻai i nā kūlanakauhale i nā wā hoʻoilo ma ke ʻano o nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala o nā meaʻai. I kekahi manawa kū ka manu ma nā ala kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole nā ala kaʻaahi.
ʻAʻole haʻalele ʻo Magpies i ko lākou mau home no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻAe, i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke ʻākoakoa i nā ʻohana hipa liʻiliʻi a no ka hoʻoilo mai kahi kauhale a i ʻole kahua e neʻe i kahi kaona liʻiliʻi e maʻalahi ai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, akā hana kēia mau mea i loko o ka ʻāina like, a ʻo ka mamao o ka neʻe ʻana ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumi mau kilomita. Heʻuʻuku kēia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manu ʻē aʻe e uhi i nā mamao mamao me ka loli o nā kau. No laila, he mau manu noho wale nā mopies, ʻaʻole nā mea neʻe wale.
He aha ka ʻai a ka murie?
Kiʻi: Magpie i ka nahele
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he manu omnivorous ka murie. Hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā lūlū a me nā ʻanoʻano i nā māla, e ʻoki i nā mea kolo a me nā ʻūlū mai ka hulu hipa mai o nā bipi hānai a i ʻole nā holoholona hihiu nui, e ʻai ʻoluʻolu i nā ilo, nā ʻenuhe a me nā ʻelala, i loaʻa ka ʻau i ka ʻeli ʻana iā lākou mai ka honua. I nā wahi mahiʻai, ʻaʻole makemake ʻia he kanahā no ka mea hōʻino lākou i ka ʻohi ʻana, no ka laʻana, nā kukama peck, nā ʻāpala, a ma nā wahi hema he mau wai ʻuwai a me melon hoʻi.
I ka wā wī, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i ke kino a me nā ʻōpala i nā ʻōpala o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻAi ʻoluʻolu lākou i nā mea o nā mea hānai, e like me ka berena, nā nati, nā hua a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe i waiho ʻia ma laila. Hiki ke ʻaihue iwi mai nā ʻīlio me ka maʻalahi. Akā maʻa mau, like nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻāʻo mau nō nā mea ʻānai e ʻai i ka meaʻai holoholona.
Hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea kolo, kā lākou papaʻai:
- ʻO nā rodents liʻiliʻi;
- Nā rana;
- Nahenahe;
- Nā moʻo liʻiliʻi;
- Keiki a nā manu ʻē aʻe;
- Nā hua manu mai nā pūnana o haʻi.
Inā nui ka nui o ka mea pio, a laila ʻai ka mopie iā ia i nā ʻāpana, haki i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo me kona nuku ikaika a paʻa i ke koena o ka pāʻina me kāna mau wāwae. ʻO nā manu e noho ana i nā ululāʻau a i ʻole ke kula ākea e ʻehaʻeha loa i nā hana predatory o nā mopies - nā ʻāpana, nā ʻino, nā manu a me kekahi mau manu ʻē aʻe, i loko o nā pūnana manu e lawe ʻia i ka wā o ka pūnana i mea e ʻaihue ai i nā hua manu a i ʻole e ʻai ai i nā pua puaʻa.
He mea hoihoi: kanu ka murie i ka meaʻai i ka honua i mea lako i ka pōloli. I ka manawa like, ʻae ka ʻike o ka manu iā ia e ʻike koke i kona ahu hoʻokoe. ʻAʻole like me nā murie, ʻaʻole hiki i nā squirrels a i ʻole nā rodent liʻiliʻi he hiki ke hana hou i kēia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Magpie i ka lele
Noho nā Magpies i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o 5-7 mau manu, kākaʻikahi iki. Maikaʻi loa ka noho ʻana o ka hui no lākou mai kahi ʻike palekana. Hoʻomaopopo ka murie i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o nā ʻenemi a i ʻole nā mea ola kānalua e ke kani ʻana, kahi a nā manu ʻē aʻe a me nā holoholona, e like me nā bea, i aʻo ai e hoʻomaopopo. ʻO ia ke kumu ke ʻike ʻia nā mea ʻimi holoholona, holo pinepine nā holoholona ma hope wale nō o ka lohe ʻana i ka murie. ʻO ka mea kūikawā he kanahā ka mea i pālua ʻia, a hana lākou i mau pālua no ke ola.
Pili mau nā manu ʻelua i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūnana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka pūnana i loko o kahi ʻano spherical me kahi komo i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao a me kahi pā palolo e pili ana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lālā pālolo a paʻakikī me nā lau no ka hana ʻana i nā paia a me nā kaupaku, a hoʻohana kūikawā ʻia nā lālā no ka hale. Hoʻomoe ʻia ka loko o ka pūnana me ka mauʻu, mauʻu maloʻo, nā aʻa a me nā lau nahele o ka hulu hipa. Hiki ke kūkulu ʻia he mau pūnana ʻekahi e hoʻokahi pālua i ka wā hānau, akā koho ʻoe i hoʻokahi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pūnana i haʻalele ʻia e nā manu ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me nā pueo, nā kestrels, a i kekahi manawa nā holoholona, e laʻa me nā squirrels a martens paha.
I loko nō naʻe o ka nohona noho, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā corvids ʻē aʻe, he manu lele a hana nui nā mopies Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā neʻe i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole kū iki ʻo ia no kahi manawa lōʻihi ma kahi hoʻokahi a lele mau i kēlā me kēia lālā i kekahi lālā, lele i kahi mamao, ʻimi i nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau e ʻimi ai i nā pūnana a ka poʻe ʻē aʻe. Alakaʻi i kahi nohona o ke ao maoli.
He hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi ko ka magpie, a ma waena o nā manu āpau i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā akamai loa. ʻOiai hoihoi loa ʻo ia, ʻike nui ʻo ia a hiki ke pale i nā pahele. Maʻalahi ka manu e aʻo, aʻo i nā mākau hou a hoʻololi koke i kahi ʻano loli. Ua ʻike pū nā Zoologists i nā hana kaʻina elaborate a me nā hana kaiāulu i kanahā.
Aia kekahi mau manaʻo e kamaʻāina nō nā mopies me ka hōʻike o ke kaumaha. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia ka nānā ʻole o kēia mau manu i nā mea lililile, a ʻaihue mau lākou i nā poʻe a kiʻi paha ma nā alanui. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻaʻole e hana ʻia nā ʻaihue ma kahi ākea, a ma mua o ka ʻaihue ʻana i kahi mea, ʻike mua nā manu ʻaʻole lākou i ka makaʻu.
He mea hoihoi: i kēia lā ʻo ka magpie wale nō ka manu i hiki ke ʻike iā ia iho i ke aniani, a ʻaʻole e noʻonoʻo aia kekahi kanaka i mua ona.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Magpie ma kahi lālā
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Magpies e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo pinepine lākou i kā lākou mea i wae ʻia. Koho lākou i ko lākou hoa a hiki i ka makahiki mua o ke ola. No lākou, he hoʻoholo kuleana kēia, no ka mea, me kahi pālua lākou e kūkulu i kahi pūnana a hānai i nā moa no nā makahiki āpau.
I ka pūnāwai, koho nā muries i kahi mehameha i ka nahele a i luna paha i kahi kumulāʻau. Inā he mau hale e noho ʻia e nā poʻe kokoke, koho nā mopies i kahi no ka pūnana i ke kiʻekiʻe loa, makaʻu i ke komo ʻana. Hoʻomaka ka pilina o Magpies me kahi hoa wale nō i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola.
Hoʻomoe mau nā Magpies ma kahi o ʻehiku a ʻewalu paha mau hua. Kau ʻia nā hua manu i ka waena o ʻApelila. Mālamalama uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻano o kā lākou mau hua me nā specks, waena i ka nui a 4 cm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻopili ka wahine i ka incubation o nā hua. No 18 mau lā, hoʻomehana ʻo ia i nā pī e hiki mai ana me kāna mehana. Hānau hūnā ʻia nā maka kīkō a makapō. Ma hope o ka hatch, kaʻana like nā mākua i nā kuleana mālama. ʻO ia, mālama ka wahine a me ke kāne i nā moa. Hoʻolālā lākou i ko lākou manawa āpau i ka ʻimi a me ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai i kā lākou keiki.
Ke hoʻomau nei kēia ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina, a ma kahi o 25 mau lā e hoʻomaka ka moa e hoʻāʻo e lele i waho o ka pūnana. Akā ʻo ka hoʻāʻo e lele iā lākou iho ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e hoʻomaka koke lākou i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. Noho lākou me ko lākou mau mākua a hiki i ka hāʻule, a i kekahi manawa hana ia no hoʻokahi makahiki holoʻokoʻa. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi kāohi lākou i ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau mākua, ʻoiai ke kino ua hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi iā lākou iho.
Pēlā nō e luku ai nā mea ʻino i nā pūnana i ke kanahā. I nā hihia pēlā, hiki i nā muries ke kūkulu hou i kahi pūnana a i ʻole hoʻopiha i ka pūnana o kekahi, a laila hoʻomoe hou i nā hua. Akā e hana wikiwiki lākou. Nānā ʻia nā hui holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa i ka waiho ʻana i mau hua i Iune. Maliʻa paha no kekahi kumu, ʻaʻole kūleʻa kā lākou hoʻāʻo mua i ka hānau ʻana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe kanahā
Kiʻi: Magpie i ke kūlohelohe
I ka nahelehele, i waena o nā ʻenemi he kanahā ka nui o nā manu o nā manu lele:
- Nā Falcon;
- Pueo;
- Pueo;
- Aeto;
- Aeto;
- Hawks;
- Pueo
ʻO nā keikikāne o ka mopies e noho ana i nā wahi tropical i kekahi manawa e ʻeha pū kekahi i nā hōʻeha a nā moʻo. I kā mākou latitude, hiki i kahi squirrel, hazel dormouse a marten paha ke piʻi i loko o ka punana manu. Eia kekahi, inā ʻai nā holoholona hope ʻelua i nā moa a me nā hua, a laila ʻaʻole paha e ʻai ka squirrel i nā hua manu a i kāna mau piʻo, akā hoʻolei wale iā lākou mai ka pūnana.
A alakaʻi kēia i ko lākou make. Nui nā manu makua, no nā holoholona like ʻole. Akā i waena o nā mea momona nui, hoʻouka pinepine nā pōpoki hihiu i nā mākua he kanahā. I kekahi manawa ua lilo nā manu i pio no nā ʻalopeke a i nā manawa nui loa nā ʻīlio hae a me nā bea. Mālama nui loa ka murie, a no laila ʻaʻole loaʻa iki, a ʻo ka hapanui o nā manuʻi a ʻelemakule paha nā manu i lilo i poʻe hōʻeha.
I kēia lā, ua huli ke kanaka mai ka ʻenemi o ka magpie i mea kūlike ʻole. ʻAe, i kekahi manawa e luku ʻia nā pūnana a i hoʻopau ʻia paha nā muries e like me nā mea ʻino, akā hiki kēia i nā hanana kakaikahi loa, a na ke akamai a me ke akahele e kōkua i ka pakele. I ka manawa like, mahalo i ke kanaka, loaʻa i ka manu ka manawa kūpono e loaʻa mau ka meaʻai i nā landfills.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: murie manu
ʻAʻole pili ʻino nā Magpies, a like ʻole me nā manu ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻoweliweli ʻia e pau loa. Kūpaʻa loa ko lākou lehulehu. I kēia lā ka nui o nā kanahā maʻamau ma kahi o 12 miliona mau pālua.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma nā ʻāina a me nā ʻāina he nui a kipaku paha ka poʻe murie, no ka mea, manaʻo lākou he mea ʻino ia, ʻaʻole e emi ka helu awelika o kēia mau manu Eia kekahi, i kekahi mau wahi aia kahi hoʻonui manawa i kā lākou helu i nā makahiki like ʻole a 5%.
Omnivorousness a me ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka meaʻai i nā kūlana hoʻoilo i nā wahi kahi e noho ai nā kānaka e kōkua i ke ola mau o kēia mau manu. ʻO ka piʻi nui o ka heluna kanaka he kanahā ka pololei i nā kūlanakauhale, kahi e noho ai nā panalāʻau hou aku. ʻO ka nui o ka lehulehu ma kahi o kanahā mau kūlanakauhale ma kahi o 20 mau kāne ma kēlā me kēia kilomika kilomika.
ʻO ke akahele o kēia mau manu, ko lākou ʻike kiʻekiʻe a me ke akamai, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e mālama pono nā mākua ʻelua i nā keiki. Aia nā pūnana Magpie kiʻekiʻe, uhi ʻia me ka hale o luna, no laila paʻakikī lākou e kiʻi a hiki i nā manu lele. ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine nā mopies olakino i nā mea ʻaihue, no laila inā ua oʻo ka manu i ke kanaka makua, a laila hiki iā mākou ke manaʻo i kona palekana murie ua hoʻolako ʻia.
Lā paʻi: 13.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 17:17
