Mink - "mōʻīwahine" i waena o nā holoholona hulu hulu. Ua loaʻa iā ia ke kaulana kiʻekiʻe, kāna ʻoihana mahalo i ka hulu nani, mehana a waiwai hoʻi. Kaulana kēia holoholona ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I kēia mau lā, hiki i ka poʻe ke ʻike i loko o ia wale nō ka huluhulu nani, akā, i ka leʻaleʻa kūlohelohe nui hoʻi. I kēia mau lā, e lilo ana ka mink i holoholona nui.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Mink
He holoholona liʻiliʻi ʻo Mink me ka lauoho laumania, a nui ka lauoho. He lālā waiwai ʻo ia o ka ʻohana mustelidae a pili i nā māmala hānai. I ka lōʻihi, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ka nui o kēia holoholona i kanalima kenimika, nona hoʻokahi huelo ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima kenimika.
ʻElua ʻano minks i ka nāhelehele:
- ʻEulopa;
- ʻAmelika.
ʻO kēia ʻano mink he mau ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical, akā he mau mea nui ʻole ia. Ma muli o ka hopena o ka evolution, nā kūlana nohona like, ua loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona kahi ʻano like. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā mink āpau ke kū ʻana o kahi membrane kūikawā ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. ʻO ia ka mea e hoʻolilo i nā holoholona i kaʻauʻau nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: na nā kūpuna ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. ʻO ka mink ʻEulopa mai ka kolinska, ʻoiai he mea pili ka ʻAmelika i ka pili o martens.
No kahi manawa lōʻihi loa, ʻo ka mea nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻo ia nō ka mink ʻEulopa. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia lā ua lohi akāʻoiaʻiʻo nō naʻe ua hoʻololi ʻia e ka ʻAmelika. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o nā laha, ka lawe ʻana mai a me ka hoʻoulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka holoholona ʻAmelika.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hāʻawi kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka wea i kanahikukūmālika pākēneka o ko ke ao huluhulu koi. Aia kahi wehewehe maʻalahi no kēlā ʻano kiʻi - hana hou nā mink i ka pio.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: mink holoholona
ʻO Mink ka pili pili loa o nā wea, ferrets, weasels. ʻO nā ʻano kūlohelohe o ka holoholona he ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, akā i ka paʻa pio, ua hānai nā ʻepekema i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano. ʻO nā minks nā holoholona liʻiliʻi me kahi kino elongated. He palupalu ke kino, a ʻo kona lōʻihi awelika he kanahākumamākolu kenimika.
Video: Mink
Loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona kahi huelo liʻiliʻi akā pulupulu loa. ʻO kona lōʻihi mai ka ʻumikūmālua a i ka ʻumikūmāiwa kenimika. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ka predator ma mua o 800 gram. Mahalo i kēlā mau palena, hiki i ka holoholona i ke kūlohelohe ke komo i loko o nā gorges like ʻole, hūnā koke inā pilikia a noho maʻalahi i ka wai.
ʻO ka mea waiwai nui no ke kanaka i ka mink ka hulu. ʻO ka predator liʻiliʻi he nani kona, huluhulu mānoanoa me kahi kūmole i lalo. ʻAʻole ʻae ka pad i ka holoholona e pulu ma hope o ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana i ka wai. ʻO kekahi pono o ka hulu kona "demoseasonality". ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka uhi kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo ka liʻiliʻi loa. Hiki ke kala ke kala o ka holoholona, ʻulaʻula māmā, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Hoʻolaha like ʻia ke kala, ma ka ʻōpū wale nō hiki ke māmā.
He muiki ʻololī kā Minks, pepeiao pepeiao poepoe liʻiliʻi. Pālahalaha iki ʻia ka waha ma luna, a he ʻano pōʻai ko nā pepeiao a ʻaʻole hoʻi e ʻike ʻia ma lalo o ka hulu. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka pūnaewele pūnaewele ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. Kūlana nui lākou i nā wāwae hope. Pēlā nō, kuhi ʻia kēia mau holoholona e ke kū ʻana o kahi kiko keʻokeʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia ma ka auwae, akā ma ka umauma nō hoʻi.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mink?
Kiʻi: mink ʻAmelika
Ma mua, ua lawa ka ākea o ka minks. E moe aʻe ia mai Pinilana a i nā pali o nā mauna Ural. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻolaha nā holoholona ma Palani a me Sepania. Eia naʻe, ua loli nui mai ia manawa. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana weasel ke emi a emi iho nei. Ua iho nui ko lākou heluna kanaka ma luna o ka hapa nui o ka nohona o ka mōʻaukala, a ma kekahi mau wahi ua nalowale loa kēia mau holoholona.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka wahi noho luna o nā mink ʻEulopa he mau ʻāpana: Ukraine a me Lūkia, Sepania ʻākau, Palani komohana, a me kekahi mau wahi o Romania. Hiki ke loaʻa ka holoholona ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi tausani ʻelua haneli mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai. ʻAno maʻamau ka ʻano ʻAmelika ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻolauna ʻia iā ʻEulopa a me ʻAkau ʻAkau hoʻi pū kekahi. I nā makahiki he 10 i hala aku nei, ua lawe ʻia mai ma mua o ʻehā kaukani mink ʻAmelika. Eia kekahi, hānai ikaika ʻia kēia ʻano i nā mahiʻai huluhulu like ʻole.
I nā wahi noho o kēia manawa, hāʻule nui ka helu o nā minks. Hiki ke kapa ʻia kahi ʻokoʻa ʻo Romania a me nā wahi Lūkia he nui: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Tver. Eia nō naʻe, hopohopo nā ʻepekema hiki wawe, ma laila nō, e hoʻomaka ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona. Ke nalowale nei nā mink ʻEulopa ʻaʻole wale no ka maikaʻi ʻole o ke kaiaola a i ʻole ka haumia, akā no ka laha koke ʻana o nā ʻano ʻAmelika.
He aha ka mink e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: mink ʻeleʻele
Hiki i ka papaʻai o ka mink i kēlā me kēia lā ke:
- ʻO nā rodents like me ka iole: nā iole wai, nāʻiole kahua;
- Iʻa. ʻAʻole e hāʻawi nā holoholona i nā perches, minnows, trout. Ma ka laulā, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā iʻa like ʻole;
- Nā holoholona kai: crayfish, molluscs, nā ʻano meaola kai like ʻole;
- Amphibians: tadpoles, toads liʻiliʻi, rana, hua manu.
ʻO nā holoholona e noho kokoke ana i nā wahi noho e kipa pinepine i ka poʻe no ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻopili lākou i loko o nā hale, nā moa moa a me ka hopu ʻana i nā moa. Inā pōloli loa ka holoholona, a laila ʻaʻole hilahila paha i nā ʻōpala o nā meaʻai a kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, makemake ka hapanui o nā lālā o ka ʻohana e ʻai i nā meaʻai hou. Inā ʻaʻole, a laila pōloli lākou, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i nā lā ʻehā.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā mink i nā kumulāʻau. Ma laila lākou e pāʻina ai i nā hua manu. ʻAi ka mink awelika ma kahi o ʻelua haneli mau gram o nā meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Inā i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ai ka holoholona i kahi mea pio nui, a laila hiki iā ia ke waiho iā ia no nā manawa pōloli a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo. Ke peʻe nei ka mea pio i kahi puʻuhonua kūikawā.
Minks he poʻe ʻaihue kūpau. Eia nō naʻe, inā loaʻa kahi ʻimi kūleʻa ʻole, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka meaʻai i ʻano maʻamau ʻole no lākou no kekahi manawa: nā hua, nā aʻa, nā lau, nā ʻanoʻano. Inā hānai ʻia ka holoholona, a laila hānai ka poʻe iā ia me nā meaʻai kūikawā (maloʻo a pulu) a me nā mea iʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: holoholona Mink
Noho nui nā minks i nā wahi nahele, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai nā kumu wai: nā kahawai, nā waihona wai, nā loko. Makemake lākou e noho, hānau a ʻimi holoholona i nā wahi liʻiliʻi a huikau paha. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia lākou ma nā wahi i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, nā kahakai a me nā wahi ākea. Makemake lākou e kūkulu i ko lākou pūnana i loko o nā nāhelehele ʻohe a me nā nāhelehele.
Hoʻokumu ka holoholona i nā lua nona iho a hoʻohana paha i nā lua i kēia manawa o ka honua: nā kaumaha kūlohelohe, nā māwae liʻiliʻi, nā puka iole i haʻalele ʻia a i nā lua paha. Hoʻohana mau ka holoholona i kona home. Hiki iā ia ke waiho iā ia i nā hihia ʻelua wale nō: ka wai kiʻekiʻe, ka nele o ka meaʻai i ke kau hoʻoilo.
Liʻiliʻi nā lua, akā ua māhele ʻia i mau ʻāpana he nui. Aia kahi moe nui, kahi lumi hoʻomaha a me nā puka ʻē aʻe. Kūpono kahi puka i ke kumu wai, ka lua i ka mānoanoa. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lua me nā mea kūlohelohe paʻa: ka hulu, ka limu, nā lau, ka mauʻu maloʻo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Wahi a kahi loina moʻomeheu mai nā makahiki 60, loaʻa i nā mink nā mākau ʻike ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa. Ua ʻoi aku lākou i nā pōpoki, nā ʻeke a me nā ferrets i kēia mākau.
ʻO ka piko o ka hana o kēia holoholona i ka pō. Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa ka ʻimi holoholona i ka pō, hiki i ka mink ke hana i ke ao. Noho ka holoholona i ka hapa nui o ka manawa ma ka ʻāina a ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, koi ʻia kēia mau holoholona e hele hou, no ka mea, lilo ka paʻakikī i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai kūpono. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi ka holoholona i ka manawa nui i ka ʻauʻau ʻana. Lanakila i kahi mamao loa ma ka wai, luʻu, hopu i ka iʻa a me nā amphibians.
ʻAno ʻoluʻolu ʻole ke ʻano o nā mea hihiu hihiu, akā ʻaʻole ikaika. Makemake ʻo Minks i kahi nohona kaʻawale a hele a kokoke i nā kānaka. He paʻakikī loa ke ʻike aku i kēlā holoholona i ka pio. Hiki i nā kapuai helehelena ma ka lepo ke hōʻike i kona alo.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Minks i ke kūlohelohe
ʻO ka wā moena no nā mink e mau mau ia mai Pepeluali a ʻApelila. I kēia manawa, hana nui nā holoholona. Hiki i nā kāne kāne ke alualu i hoʻokahi wahine i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Pākuʻi lākou me kekahi i kekahi. I kekahi manawa hana ʻia nā kaua ikaika no ka lede puʻuwai. Ke hoʻomomona ʻia ka wahine, haʻalele ka kāne iā ia. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, noho kaʻawale nā mākua.
ʻO ka hāpai holoʻokoʻa o kahi holoholona wahine e mau ana no kahi manawa pōkole - ma kahi o kanahā mau lā. Hānau ʻia nā keiki e Mei. ʻAʻole hana hou ka wahine i nā pēpē ʻehiku i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Ma ke kau waena o ke kauwela, hiki i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi a aneane hapalua o ka nui o ke kanaka makua. I ʻAukake, ulu lākou i kā lākou nui hope loa. I ka manawa like, kū ka wahine i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki me ka waiū. Aʻo lākou i ka loaʻaʻana o kā lākou meaʻai, lilo kā lākou papaʻai iʻo piha. I ka hāʻule, haʻalele nā keiki i ka lua o ka makuahine.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: hōʻea ʻo Minks i ke kino moekolohe e nā mahina he ʻumi. A hiki i ka makahiki ʻekolu, ʻo kēia mau holoholona ka helu momona kiʻekiʻe. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, emi ka momona o nā wahine.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ola o nā mea hōʻaiʻē liʻiliʻi ma mua o ʻumi mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i ka lawe pio ʻana, hiki i nā minks ke ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi - ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki. Hoʻololi koke lākou i nā kūlana kūloko, akā ʻoiai ma hope o nā makahiki he nui ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻomaʻuleʻa piha.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o minks
Kiʻi: holoholona Mink
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mink me:
- Holoholona hānai manu hānai. Hiki ke pepehi ʻia a ʻai ʻia kahi holoholona liʻiliʻi e nā mea predator āpau i ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ikaika ma mua o ia. Hoʻopili kēia i nā lynxes, alopeke, nā bea, nā ʻīlio hae. Akā pinepine pinepine ka mink i ka waiwai o ka muliwai otter. 'Auʻau' oi aku ka maikaʻi a noho ma hope o nā minks, no laila hopu maikaʻi 'ia lākou i ka pō a me ke ao. ʻAʻole hiki i ka Otters ke ʻai wale me ke kanaka makua wale nō, akā me kāna mau keiki pū kekahi;
- Manu manu lele. ʻO ke kumu, he manu nui nā ʻenemi: pueo, pueo aeto, ʻākena. Ke ʻimi nā holoholona i nā ʻiole i ka pō, hiki i kahi pueo a i kekahi pueo ke hopu iā ia, a hiki i kahi hawk ke hei i ka mink i ke ao;
- Mink ʻAmelika. Loaʻa i ka Minks ka hoʻokūkū interspecific. E like me ka ʻike ʻana o nā zoologists, luku ʻino ka lāhui ʻAmelika i ka ʻEulopa i mea e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka ʻāina nona iho a me kona ʻohana. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka helehelena o kahi malihini kipa i hiki ke hoʻololi i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona mai ka mink ʻEulopa;
- Kanaka ʻO ka ʻenemi weliweli loa, ka mea me ka manaʻo ʻole, a i kekahi manawa luku ʻole i kēia mau holoholona. I kēia lā, ʻo ka mea wale nō e hoʻopakele ai i nā mink mai ka make ʻana ua hoʻomaka lākou e ulu ma nā mahiʻai kūikawā e loaʻa ka huluhulu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Wahi a nā biologists, ʻaʻole pinepine ka mink i nā mea ʻaihue. ʻO nā kumu nui i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona ka pōloli, maʻi a me nā parasites.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Mink i ke kauwela
ʻO ka mink ke kumu nui o ka hulu. Mahalo ko lākou hulu no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana i ka kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻalahi, a me ka pale wela. Ma nā kūlana o ke ʻano, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hulu mink ʻAmelika ke kiʻekiʻe loa ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i ka wā ma mua loa, ua loaʻa wale ka hulu e ka holoholona holoholona. Hoʻonohonoho akamai nā Hunters i nā pahele i ka hoʻoilo, hopu i nā mākua a loaʻa i ko lākou ʻili. ʻO kēia mau mea āpau i ka hōʻemi wikiwiki ʻana o ka nui o ka mink i ko lākou wahi noho mōʻaukala.
ʻO ka wikiwiki loa, ua nalowale nā mink mai nā wahi he nui, a ua pau ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana e hālāwai me nā pono o ka poʻe i ka nui o ka hulu. Mai ia manawa mai, hānai ʻia nā minks i ka lawe pio ʻana. A i kēia lā, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka hulu nā māla huluhulu, ʻaʻole nā lehulehu holoholona. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi kēia i ke kūlana me ka helu o nā minks i ka nahelehele, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau piha iā ia.
Ke emi mau nei ka heluna o kēia mau holoholona. Hoʻohuli ʻia kēia e nā kumu like ʻole: haumia o nā kino wai, hopu i nā holoholona, hoʻokūkū interspecific. I kēia manawa, helu ʻia nā mink ʻEulopa ma nā puke ʻIkepili ʻulaʻula i nā helu he nui o ko lākou kūlohelohe, ka IUCN Red Data Book. Pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia mau holoholona ma nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua.
Pale Mink
Kiʻi: Mink Red Book
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua lilo nā mink i mea ʻimi holoholona no ka hulu nani, mehana, a pipiʻi hoʻi. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻemi nui ka laha ʻEulopa, a me ka mahele o ka mahele e pili ana i ka honua. I kēia lā, ua kapu loa ka hopu ʻana i kēia mau holoholona. Mahalo i kēia, ua hiki ke hoʻopau i ka nalowale wikiwiki ʻana o nā mink, akā ʻo ka pilikia ka wikiwiki - ʻaʻole ulu ka lehulehu o ka holoholona, akā ke emi lohi nei.
Ua helu ʻia nā ʻano mink ʻEulopa i ka Red Book mai ka makahiki 1996. Manaʻo ʻia ua aneane make ia i nā panalāʻau o ka Repubalika o Bashkortostan, Komi, ma ka Orenburg, Novgorod, Tyumen a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe he nui o Rūsia.
E mālama i nā laha, ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā hana pale aʻe:
- Pāpā i ka pana ʻana. No ka hulu, ua hānai ʻia kēlā ʻano holoholona i kēia manawa ma nā mahi hulu kūikawā;
- ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pio a me ka hoʻokuʻu hou ʻana i nā wahi pale. Hoʻāʻo nā ʻepekema e pale i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona, hānai iā lākou ma lalo o nā kūlana kūikawā, a laila hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i ka nāhelehele;
- Ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi pāpā i ka luku ʻia o nā mea kanu kahakai. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e mālama i nā wahi kahi e hiki ai i kēia mau holoholona ke noho a hānau hou;
- Nā papahana hānau like ʻole, nā papahana mālama genome ma Sepania, Kelemania, Palani;
- Ka nānā mau ʻana i ka helu o nā holoholona i ko lākou wahi maoli, ka hoʻokūpaʻa ʻana i ka lehulehu.
Mink - he holoholona liʻiliʻi, akamai a maʻalahi hoʻi me kahi ʻāpana hulu nani. ʻO ia ka lawaiʻa nui a puni ka honua. I ka nohona kūlohelohe, ke emi nei ka laha mink o ʻEulopa, pani ʻia e ka mea ʻAmelika, nona ka hulu i ʻoi aku ka waiwai a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. No kēia kumu, koi ʻia nā ʻāina e pili ana i ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā minks e hana i nā ana a pau e mālama ai i ka holoholona ʻaihue waiwai nui loa.
Lā paʻi: 03/29/2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 11:25
