ʻO Swallows (Нirundinidae) nā manu e pili ana i ke kaʻina o passerines, a ua hōʻike ʻia e kekahi mau ʻano i like ʻole ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻano kūwaho, akā i ko lākou wahi noho hoʻi.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka moni
I kēia lā, ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi wehewehe piha ma kahi o ʻewalu mau hanana o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana ale... ʻIke ʻia kēlā ʻano hulu manu ma kahi o nā wahi āpau.
Mea nui! ʻO ke kino o ke kino e hoʻokele i ka manu a hiki iā ia ke hopu i nā kolo wikiwiki i ka wā o ka lele, a ʻo ka waha ākea e maʻalahi e hānai pololei i nā manu i ka lele.
Helehelena
I loko nō o ka ʻokoʻa maoli, ʻo nā ʻāhua like ʻole āpau e ʻike ʻia e noho nei a puni ka hona e like me nā hiʻohiʻona like, i hōʻike ʻia:
- hulu hao o ka hulu i ka hope;
- umauma ākea;
- ua hoʻonui ʻia ma ke kumu a ua hoʻopōkole ʻia ka nuku;
- he waha nui kaulike;
- ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻokoʻa kūwaho ma waena o nā kāne o nā kāne a me nā wahine;
- pilī paʻa i ke kino;
- nā manamana koʻikoʻi a me nā māiʻuʻu lōʻihi;
- ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa i ke kala plumage i nā moa a me nā manu makua.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, pili ka ale i nā ʻano manu o nā manu i nui ʻole i ka nui o ke kino a me nā ʻēheu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano ʻelele āpau e ke alo o nā ʻēheu lōʻihi loa i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kino. Hiki ke loli ko lākou lōʻihi i waena o 33-35 cm.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻohe kūpono o nā ʻāpana lalo o ka moni i ka neʻe ʻana i ka honua, a inā e koi ka neʻe ʻana i kēlā ʻano neʻe, a laila hele ʻino ka manu o kēia ʻano.
ʻOiai ka lōʻihi kupaianaha loa, ʻikiʻiki ka ʻūlū manu nūnū, a hoʻohālikelike ka ʻāpana o ka huelo i ka fork i kona ʻano. ʻO ka plumage o ka ale i ka ʻaoʻao hope he ʻeleʻele i ke kala, a ʻo nā hulu e uhi ana i ka ʻōpū e ʻike ʻia e ka beige keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka malamalama. Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano laha, ka plumage o ka ale ale hiki ke lilo i mea ʻokoʻa i ke kala a me ka malu.
Ka nohona a me ke ʻano
No nā mākū nā manu lele, e alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona diurnal. Aia ka hōʻea ʻana o ia mau manu i ka waena o ka mahina puna i hala. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka hapa lua o ka mahina i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana a me ka waiho manu ʻana.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua manu e ka moni ale i ka awelika ma lalo iki o hoʻokahi mau pule, a ʻo ka manawa no ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki ma kahi o ʻekolu pule. Mākaukau nā manu no ka haʻalele nui ʻana me ka hoʻomaka o ka lau.
Hoʻomanaʻo iki ke mele ʻana o ka ale i ke kani ʻana, e pau ana i kahi trill, kahi ʻano nui o kēia ʻano melebird. ʻAneʻane pau nā ʻano o nā ʻala i ka hulu, alakaʻi i kahi nohona nohona, no laila ʻākoakoa lākou i nā hui nui.
Hoihoi ia! Ma ke ʻano he lula, hoʻāʻo ka ale e noho ma kahi o nā kino wai kūlohelohe kahi nui o nā mea no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana a me nā mea kolo ʻai, e like me nā ʻūhini liʻiliʻi, a me nā dragonflies a me nā kekeke waena.
Noho pinepine, noho nā ʻohana ma nā uea a i ʻole nā kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano like ʻole. Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana e nā kolone nui, kahi e pale ai kēlā me kēia pālua i ka ʻāina a puni kāna pūnana ponoʻī.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai kahi ale
Wahi a nā nānā wā lōʻihi, ʻo ke ola maʻamau o kahi ale e pili ana i ʻehā mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i waena o nā ale e kani ʻia e nā loea, ua mālama ʻia kahi ola o ʻewalu mau makahiki.
ʻ specieslio ale
I loko nō o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he ʻewalu a me kumamālua mau ʻano ʻenekini ma kahi pālākiō, ʻo nā wahi ākea ākea a kokoke i nā wahi a puni.
- ale ka hale pā... Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano e ke kua ʻeleʻele uliuli a me nā ʻēheu, kahi umauma a keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻōpū. Ma waena o ka poʻe, ua loaʻa i kēia ʻano ka inoa ākea a me ka inoa kumu "kohola kohola". Makemake kēia mau manu e noho ma kahi kokoke o kahi noho kanaka. Kūkulu pinepine nā manu o kēia ʻano i nā pūnana ma lalo o ka hale o nā hale noho a haʻalele paha. Hōʻea ka hale ʻai i ka pau ʻana o ka wā hoʻoilo, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela;
- kulanakauhale ale... ʻO kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā laha mai ka hale ʻai e ale i ke alo o kahi plumage māmā i loko o ka ʻōpū. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kūlanakauhale ʻo ale, kahi i kapa ʻia he "funnel", hoʻolaha wale ʻia ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ko mākou ʻāina.
- ʻalā lepo... Kēia ʻano me nā wili maʻamau, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā ʻohana pili loa ka hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā lua hohonu, ʻeli ʻia i ka lepo, no ko lākou hale. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai kona inoa, kahi ʻāpana nui o ke ola o nā ʻōpala honua e kū pololei i ka lele ʻana, a alakaʻi kēia ʻano i kahi nohona terrestrial wale nō ke hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi pūnana, a me ka hoʻomoe hua manu hoʻi a me ka hatching o kāna keiki;
- ʻalohi lāʻau... ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o kēlā ʻanalā mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he ʻālohilohi a nani loa ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka plumage. ʻO nā hulu o kēia mau manu ākea ākea ʻaʻole o kahi kala ʻeleʻele maʻalahi, akā me kahi hiʻohiʻona a nani loa hoʻi, ka poni poni mānoanoa.
Kūleʻa ka hoihoi i nā ʻalemu ant. Hoʻounahele wale ʻia kēlā manu waena ma ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui mai kahi ʻāpana nui o nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kēia ʻohana ka hiki ʻole ke neʻe.
Mea nui! ʻO ka moni ale nui ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ʻo ia ka ʻalā nahele nāhelehele poni, ʻo ia ka hapalima o ka mika ka lōʻihi, a ʻo ka inoa ma muli o ke ʻano o ka plumage poni i nā moa i ka hoʻoilo.
Noho mau ka ʻalemu ant, a ma muli o ka hiki o ia mau manu ke hoʻohana i nā kolonā ant ant ma ke ʻano he meaʻai nui. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano ke alo o nā wāwae ikaika a ikaika hoʻi.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
Hoʻohana ka nā ʻalulu i kahi nui loa o ka ikehu i ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻai a ʻo ia ke kumu e pono ai i ia mau manu i kahi nui nui o ia. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻo ka nohona kūlohelohe no ka hapanui o nā ʻālana o nā ʻolo ka hapanui o nā ʻāina hema, kahi e kūpono ai ka lepo a me nā kūlana o ke aniau no nā manu, a ʻoi aku ka lawa o ka meaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau e noho ana i nā wahi pāhuna e hoʻonoho ʻia ma ke ʻano he noho, a ʻo nā mea i loko o ka wahi kai e neʻe ana, e lele ana i nā ʻāina mehana e hoʻomaka ana mai ka mahina kau i hala.
ʻAneʻane kokoke i nā manu o kēlā me kēia ʻano e pili ana i ke kauoha o passerines e hele ma ka ʻāina o nā wahi o ka puni a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa. Hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻano laha like ʻole o ke ʻala e ka panalāʻau o ʻApelika, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā mau manu ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka wahi lūlū o ka hale ʻai e ale ākea ākea a hōʻike i nā wahi nui a me nā wahi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻohe o lākou kaona kūlanakauhale.
E ale i ka hānai ʻana a me ka hopu ʻana
No kā lākou meaʻai, hoʻohana wale nā ale i nā ʻano mea like ʻole i nā ʻano lele like ʻole. ʻOiai i loko o nā ʻano paʻakikī loa, lele lele ʻole, ʻaʻole hoʻololi nā manu i kēia ʻano meaʻai me nā ʻūlū a i ʻole nā ʻanoʻano a me nā ʻūlū, nā mea e hoʻopilikia loa i kēlā mau manu i ka nele o ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka wahi hānai, ma ke ʻano he rula, aia ia i loko o kahi radius ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka hapalua kilomita mai ka pūnana.... ʻO ka pinepine, hopu ka ʻolo i kāna mea pio ma nā wahi ākea, e like me nā lau nahele, nā awāwa, nā kuahiwi a me nā kula.
ʻO nā kolo, i pani ʻia e nā makika, nā midges, nā lele, nā pepe liʻiliʻi, nā beetles a me nā dragonflies, lilo i kumu o ka papaʻai. Ma mua koke o ka ua, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka wai i ka lewa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka lele o nā kolo, a no kēia kumu e poho ai nā ale i ka honua, kahi o ka nui o ka meaʻai. Ua lilo kēia hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻānai i kumu no nā hōʻailona i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wānana anilā.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole pili mau nā lele haʻahaʻa o ka ʻolo me ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka ua, no ka mea, i ke ahiahi maikaʻi, hōʻiliʻili pololei ka nui o nā kolo ma luna pono o ka honua, a koi ʻia nā manu e lele haʻahaʻa loa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Pili nā manu ʻōlani i ka mahele o nā manu monogamous, no laila, i hoʻokumu ʻia mai nā mākua makua o ka pālua, ola lākou, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, i ko lākou ola. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, ʻike pinepine nā ʻelele kāne iā lākou iho kokoke i nā pūnana ʻē aʻe.
I nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, hoʻi nā ʻalalō i kā lākou mau wahi pūnana a puni ʻApelila a Mei paha, ʻoiai ka poʻe e noho ana i nā palena ʻākau o kā lākou kūlohelohe e ʻike ʻia e ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana a hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻomoe hua manu ma waenakonu o ka mahina kauwela mua. E like me nā hōʻike hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hoʻomaka nā heluna o ʻApelika ʻĀkau e kūkulu i nā pūnana i nā makahiki he 10 i hala o Malaki a i ʻole ʻApelila mua.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hoʻonoho pinepine ʻia nā pūnana e nā ʻāhiu hihiu i nā ana pōhaku a i ʻole nā kahawai ʻulu. Hōʻike nā ʻike loihi loa hiki i kekahi mau hui like o ia mau manu ke hui pū me nā wahi noho o nā moni kai kahakai a noho i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia i loko o nā kahawai kahakai kahakai.
ʻO nā manu kani nā manu kaiāulu e noho nei i nā kolone o kekahi mau ʻumi a i ʻole he mau haneli mau pālua. ʻO nā pūnana i kūkulu ʻia e nā manu, i kēia hihia, aia kokoke kekahi i kekahi, a hui maikaʻi nā manu e noho ana iā lākou. ʻO ka manawa maʻamau o ka hana ʻana o ka pūnana i ʻelua mau pule paha.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka hōʻea mua ʻana o ka wahine a me ke kūkulu kūʻokoʻa ʻana o kāna pūnana no ke kau ʻana. Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana o ke kāne, e pili ana i ka pūnana i hoʻopau ʻole, hoʻokahi wale nō lālā o ka wahine e hana mau ana, a ʻo ka lua e ʻimi nei i nā mea kūkulu hale no kahi hapa nui o ka manawa.
Mea nui! ʻOi aku kahi ʻāpana nui o nā ale kūloko i ka pūnana ʻana ma nā wahi kaona, kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā pūnana manu ma lalo o nā kaupaku, kūkulu ʻia ma lalo o nā puka aniani a ma lalo o nā alahaka, a i kekahi manawa hoʻi i nā wahi ʻano ʻole, me nā waika muliwai.
ʻO ka helehelena o ka pūnana o ka ʻolo e like me ka hemisphere paʻa, a ʻo nā mea kūkulu hale nui no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi noho pēlā nō nā pōhaku lepo a me ka lihi hā o nā manu. ʻO ka laulā o ka pūnana i hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi o 110-130 mm me ke kiʻekiʻe o 70-120 mm.
I ka ʻaoʻao i luna o ka pūnana o ka ʻolo, pono e hoʻolako pono i kahi liʻiliʻi... ʻO ke anawaena o kēlā hakahaka ua lawa ia no ka manu liʻiliʻi e kolo ai i loko o ka punana. Ke ʻike ʻia kahi manu i loko o ka punana, pono ka ʻōpala e haʻalele iā ia a nānā i kahi hou no kona home.
Uhi ʻia ka loko o ka pūnana me kahi moena palupalu, hiki ke kū i ka mauʻu, hulu hipa, a me lalo, i hopu ʻia e nā manu i ka wā lele. Ma hope o ke kaʻina hoʻomomona, hoʻomoe ka wahine ma kahi o ʻelima mau hua keʻokeʻo, e ana ana 1.9-2.0x1.3-1.4 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona o ka hua manu ma kahi o 1.6-1.7 g. ʻO ka manawa hoʻoulu holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa he mau pule ʻelua. ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole e lōʻihi paha ia no ʻekolu pule.
I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, pili wale ka ale wahine i loko, a inā maikaʻi ke aniau, lawe ka kāne i kāna hānai. I nā lā ua, pono ka wahine e kiʻi i kāna meaʻai ponoʻī nona iho.
I ka wā hānau, nāwaliwali loa nā keiki a nā mākua ponoʻī e haki ka pūpū a kōkua i kā lākou keiki i ka hānau ʻana. Ma hope o ka ale ʻana i nā pīpī i ka makahiki o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau pule paha, hiki iā lākou ke lele kaʻawale, akā no hoʻokahi pule hou ua hānai ʻia lākou e nā mākua ʻelua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka weliweli nui loa i ka ale ʻana he falcon falby nui ia, i ʻike ʻia e ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki, a hiki nō hoʻi iā ia ke hoʻopaʻa i kāna mea pio ma ka lewa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻae nā lele lele ʻana e ʻae i ka ale ʻana i ka hui ʻana me nā predator me ka maʻalahi.
Hoihoi ia! Pilikino loa i nā ʻenemi, lilo ka ale i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i nā kino wai a ke ʻimi nei i nā mea no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma kahi o ʻelima mau ʻano o kēia ʻohana e noho nei i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO ka heluna o nā ale o ka nui o nā laha e hōʻike ʻia e kekahi mau miliona, a mālama mau ʻia ka helu āpau i kahi pae paʻa. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau mokuʻāina, ua hāpai ʻia ke kūlana mālama o nā ʻano he nui i melemele, e koi ana i ka "hoʻonui i ka nānā".
