ʻOi aku ka nui o nā iʻa i loko o ka wai aquatic ma mua o 30 tausani mau iʻa. Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e nā ʻano like ʻole, nā waihoʻoluʻu a me nā pono kūikawā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā holoholona ʻāina. ʻAʻohe malu o ke kala i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia e ka iʻa. Ma waena o kēia ʻono kala, kahi o nā wahi alakaʻi i noho ʻia e kahuna hana iʻad mai ka ʻohana o nā kauka.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: kauka iʻa
Lawe ʻia ke kauka iʻa iʻa mai ka iʻa iwi, i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā Polozoic (ma kahi o 290 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) a i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua mau hui like ʻole: ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu, ka cartilaginous, ka iwi. Ma ka hoʻololi hou ʻana, ma kahi o 70 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā lunamaka e like me ke kūpuna mai nā kūpuna iwi mai, nāna i hoʻokumu i nā iʻa iwi o ka ichthyofauna hou.
ʻO nā iʻa o ka ʻohana ʻoki kino me 6 genera, a aia ma kahi o 80 mau ʻano i loko o lākou a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia penei:
- aupuni Nā holoholona;
- kikokiko Chordates;
- papa Ray-finned iʻa;
- detachment ʻoki kino.
ʻO ka genus o ka iʻa surgeon e komo pū me ka hapanui o nā ʻano āpau, ma kahi o 40, e laʻa me: kahakaha, pale, Kepanī, keʻokeʻo, polū, momi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Video: Kahuna Lapaʻau ʻIʻa
ʻO nā iʻa o kēia ʻohana nā mea kupaianaha a kupaianaha hoʻi o nā kai a me nā kai. Heʻuʻuku lākou i ka nui. ʻEleu kēia a i ka manawa like me ka iʻa herbivorous mālie, i hoʻololi ʻia e ola, i hoʻokahi a i ʻole, a i ʻole hiki ke ʻākoakoa i nā hui lehulehu, keu hoʻi i ka wā hānau.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona adaptive hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻelele āpau o ke kaukipoki ke kū o nā protrusions ʻoi loa i ke kino, kahi e pale ai i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ko lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe. No hea kahi inoa kūpono no kēia ʻohana.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka genus, ʻokoʻa ka iʻa ʻoki lāʻau i kā lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. No laila, ʻo ka iʻa o ka genus Naso (iʻa trigfish) he ulu e like me ka ulu ma ko lākou poʻo i ka ʻaoʻao mua, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o kona kino ke ulu a 100 cm; ʻoi aku ka pōʻai o nā zebrosome ma muli o kā lākou mau wili kiʻekiʻe; ʻO nā ctenochetes nā mea nona nā niho keu.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: kauka iʻa wai paʻakai
Ma waho, he hōʻailona nā kauka iʻa:
- Pālahalaha ke kino o ka iʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao, oval, elongated iki i ka ʻaoʻao caudal, i ke kinona. Mai luna mai ua uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, manoanoa.
- Aia ma ke poʻo nā maka nunui a kiʻekiʻe a me ka waha liʻiliʻi elongated me nā niho ʻoi o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā maka e ʻae iā ia e ʻike maikaʻi i kāna panalāʻau no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a me ke alo o kahi hoʻoweliweli o nā mea ʻino. A ʻo ka waha ʻano e hiki ai ke hānai i nā mea kanu o nā mea ulu kai.
- ʻO Fins - dorsal a me anal, loaʻa kahi ʻano lōlō. Hana ʻia ka fin dorsal me nā kukuna ikaika i hiki ke kui ʻia.
- Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā nui o nā ʻelele ʻokoʻa mai 7 a 45 cm.
- ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka iʻa o ke kauka i nā laulā ākea: melemele, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻalani, ʻalani a me nā aka ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻaʻole e hoʻomalu ʻia ke kala e nā kala ʻōlinolino, a laila ʻike ʻia kēlā ʻano iʻa e ke kū ʻana o nā kiko like ʻole a me nā kaha i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino a me ke poʻo.
ʻAno hoihoi wale nā mea ʻoki lāʻau iʻa no ko lākou mau kala o ke kino e pīhoihoi ai ka manaʻo, akā no ka hiʻona i manaʻo ʻia he mea pale nona. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino kokoke i ka hopena o ka huelo, i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana o ka evolution, ua hana lākou i kahi ʻano like scalpel, kahi e mālama ai iā lākou i nā kūlana palekana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: "Ma muli o ka ʻikepili i lawe ʻia mai nā wahi huakaʻi, ʻo ke kumu maʻamau no ka hele ʻana i ke kauka i ka wā e huakaʻi ana, ʻo ia ka ʻoki ʻana o nā lālā mai nā hōʻeha a nā iʻa a nā kauka, a ma hope ua kau lākou i nā kuʻi i ka ʻeha. Eia kekahi, ʻeha loa kēlā mau ʻeha a lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻōla ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka iʻa kōkōkō?
Kiʻi: kauka iʻa melemele
I ke kūlohelohe, noho ka iʻa lōkō i ka wai paʻakai o ka moana mehana a me ke kai. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ia ma nā Moana ʻInikia, Pākīpika a me ʻAkelanika, ma ke Kaiʻula a me ʻAlapia, a hoʻomaka nō hoʻi e hoʻomohala i ke kai Caribbean.
He mea hoihoi: "I ka makahiki 2018, ua hopu hewa ʻia kahi iʻa kōkō e nā lawaiʻa i ke Kai ʻEleʻele, ʻaʻole ia kahi kūlohelohe."
Hiki ke loaʻa mau ka iʻa Surgeon ma kahi kokoke i nā koʻa koʻa. ʻO nā kai ākea, wili me nā kihi he nui a me nā ala huna, waiwai i nā limu a me nā peripheton e ulu ana ma luna o lākou, e lilo i home nona a me kahi kumu o ka meaʻai.
Ke hoʻāʻo mau nei kēia iʻa i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, kokoke i ka lalo o ke kai a i ʻole ke kai, ʻau pinepine i ka hohonu a i ka hapalua mika. I ke kai haʻahaʻa, holo kiki aku ia i nā kapakai pōhaku o nā ana e peʻe i ka hohonu, a hiki nō hoʻi ke kali i nā lagoons a i ʻole ma lalo o nā ʻāʻī o nā pali. Ke hoʻomaka ke kai, hoʻi hou i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa.
No ko lākou kala hoʻopoina a me ka unpretentiousness pili i ka ʻike, ʻo nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano iʻa ke komo pinepine i ka iʻa hui o nā aquariums.
He aha ka ʻai a kahi iʻa kōkōkō?
Kiʻi: Kahuna ʻIki ʻIki ʻAi
Hoʻololi ʻia ka mīkini kākā iʻa a ka mea hana lāʻau no ka wili ʻana i nā meaʻai mea kanu paʻakikī a palupalu hoʻi. He waha liʻiliʻi ko lākou, he ʻāʻī ikaika, a me kahi o nā niho ʻoi. ʻO kēia nā iʻa iʻa herbivorous. I ka wā o ka evolution, ua loli lākou me kahi nohona a hoʻomaʻamaʻa e ʻai i nā makana āpau o nā kai. No laila, mahele ʻia nā iʻa o nā kauka lāʻau i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu e like me kā lākou ʻano meaʻai.
ʻO ka iʻa ka poʻe ʻoki lāʻau e ʻai ana i nā microalgae a me nā limu filamentous. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi gizzard, kahi e ʻānai ʻia ai ka meaʻai me ke one e komo i loko me ka limu. ʻO kēia mau ʻano iʻa: kauka moena, ʻoliva, ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka iʻa Surgeon, e hānai nei i nā limu a me nā wahi noho invertebrate ma luna o nā pali pōhaku, a me nā limu calcareous pūpū. Me ko lākou mau niho ʻoi, nahu lākou i nā wahi mai nā lālā coral a ʻuwī i nā papa o luna o ka peripheton. ʻAʻohe ou hale hau. ʻO kahi laʻana: ʻōlapa kaha onionio, onionio, momi keʻokeʻo, kiko polū keʻokeʻo hoʻi.
ʻO ka iʻa ka poʻe ʻokiʻoki e ʻai ana i nā kino mea kanu (tolloms) o nā limu nui. ʻO kahi laʻana: kahi kauka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo kekahi poʻe i ka ʻai ʻana i nā koena o nā invertebrates a me ka plankton ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai ʻē aʻe. A no nā iʻa ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻole o ka poʻe kōkō, ʻo ka zooplankton ka meaʻai nui inā loaʻa ka meaʻai i nā kauka, hiki iā lākou ke ʻākoakoa i nā hui nui e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ka mea lapaʻau iʻa i ke Kaiʻula
Hiki i nā mea hana iʻa iʻa ma ka ʻāina like me ko lākou congeners, hiki ke noho mehameha a i ʻole pūʻulu ʻia i mau pālua a i ʻole nā pūʻulu me nā helu like ʻole o kekahi (i kekahi manawa a hiki i kahi tausani). Ke ʻākoakoa nei i loko o ia mau kula i ka wā o ka moena, hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau iʻa i ke keu o kā lākou kala e loaʻa ai kahi kāne moe kolohe. Me ka noho pū ʻana, ʻo kēlā me kēia iʻa, ke kauka, e hoʻāʻo e mālama i kahi pilikino e pili ana iā ia.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kēia poʻe noho ʻōkoʻu liʻiliʻi mai ka hakakā, hele like lākou me ka ʻole o nā pilikia me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka moʻokūʻī iʻa. Akā hiki i nā kāne ke hōʻike i ka hoʻomanawanui i ka pale ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī, a laila kaohi ʻana i kā lākou "wahine" a me nā meaʻai. Kōkua pinepine kā lākou mea kaua "huna" iā lākou i kēia. ʻEleu ka hana a nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano iʻa i ke ao, a i ka pō e peʻe lākou i nā māwae i nā pōhaku a me nā labyrinth o nā lālā kōkoʻolako.
Mea hoihoi: "I ka pō, hoʻololi kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka iʻa o ke kauka i ke kala o ke kala o ke kino a ʻike ʻia i nā kaha a me nā kiko ʻē aʻe."
Mahalo i kā lākou mau peʻa ikaika, hiki i kēia mau iʻa ke kūpaʻa maʻalahi i nā kahe ikaika o ke kai a me nā wai kai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Kauka iʻa i ka wai
ʻO nā mea hana iʻa he holoholona dioecious, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻokoʻa ke keu kūikawā. Ua oʻo lākou i ka moekolohe ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki. Mai Kēkēmapa a Iulai, i ka mahina hou, ʻākoakoa lākou i nā kula nui e hana i ka hana o ka hana hou - hānau ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: "Hiki i nā kauka iʻa e noho ana i ke kaona equatorial ke hānau aʻe i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa."
No ka ʻōnohi ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ka iʻa mai nā kula i nā hui liʻiliʻi a ʻau i ka papa o ka wai. Maanei hānau nā wahine i nā hua liʻiliʻi loa (a i 1 mm ke anawaena). Hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke lūlū i nā hua he 40 tausani. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o ka embryo mau no hoʻokahi lā.
Eia hou, ʻike ʻia nā larvae disc-shaped aniani, ʻaʻole like me ko lākou mau mākua. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻano hana keu ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, akā he ʻōlau lākou ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā lāʻau ʻona ma luna o kā lākou mau lola. ʻAi ka larvae i ka plankton ma luna o ka papa o ka wai a ma hope o ʻelua mau mahina a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 2.5 - 6.5 cm. I kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia ua pala no ka hoʻololi hou ʻana i loko o ka pā.
ʻAʻau ka larvae i kai a, pū me ka wai e kahe ana, komo i nā waihona wai liʻiliʻi, kahi e loli ai i loko o 4-5 mau lā. Uhi ʻia ko lākou kino me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, hoʻomoe ʻia kahi ulu ʻoi loa ma kahi o ka huelo, a hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka wahi digestive. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka palai i ka ʻai ʻana i ka limu, hoʻomau i ko lākou ulu a hoʻi i nā wai hohonu o ka moana a me nā kai i nā pali.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka iʻa kōkoi
Kiʻi: kauka iʻa
ʻAʻole nui loa ka mea hana lawaiʻa iʻa, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe kūʻē iʻa iʻa i ka ʻahaʻaina o kēia mea liʻiliʻi. Ke kali nei ka makaʻu nui i kēia mau iʻa i ka wā hānau, ke hōʻuluʻulu lākou i nā kula nui.
Hiki i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka iʻa o ke kauka ke lilo i mau iʻa liʻiliʻi, e like me ke tuna, ke tigā, a me nā iʻa nui, nā manō, a pēlā aku.
Ke hoʻāʻo nei e pakele, hiki i ka iʻa lopapa ke hoʻohana i kāna mea kaua "kauka", akā hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ke kūlike ʻole me ka mea ʻino, ua eo, no ka mea ʻaʻole e ʻike ka iʻa nui i kāna ʻoi. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine kēia mau mea aloha i nā koʻa liʻiliʻi iā lākou no ka puʻuhonua.
ʻO ke kaʻina ʻoi loa, aia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino e kokoke ana i ka huelo o ka iʻa o ke kauka, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku i kona ʻāina. I ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hoʻoweliweli mai waho, ua hūnā ʻia kēia mau iwi iwi i nā lua o ke kino o ka holoholona. Ke kū mai kahi pilikia, hoʻonoho ka iʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao a neʻe e hoʻouka.
He ʻenemi ko ka liona iʻa lopuna, ʻo kēia nā crustacean, larvae pepelu predatory, jellyfish, kahi a lākou e pale ai iā lākou iho me kā lākou kākalaioa ʻono.
ʻOiai ʻai ka poʻe loea iʻa i ka mea kanu i nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kā lākou ʻiʻo he mea ʻono ma nā ʻano a pau, ʻaʻole ʻono ia. No laila, no ke ʻano o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka moa, ʻaʻole hoʻopā ka poʻe i kēia iʻa ma mua. Akā i nā kūlana o ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā waihona iʻa i makemake nui ʻia no ka lawaiʻa ʻana, pilikia kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana surgeon i mua o nā kānaka.
No ko lākou kala nani kupaianaha, hopu nui ka poʻe iā lākou no nā aquarium kahi e hiki ʻole ai i ka iʻa o ke kauka lāʻau ke hana hou ma muli o nā pilikia i ka oʻo ʻana o ka larva. No laila, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi kanaka i ka ʻenemi o ka iʻa o ke kauka.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: kauka iʻa wai paʻakai
I mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā ʻano iʻa o nā kōkō ma ke ʻano he heluna kanaka, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā helu aʻe:
- Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hana iʻa iʻa e kahi hoʻokaʻawale mokulele like ʻole ma luna o ka nohona
- Mālama lākou i nā panalāʻau pākahi, a loaʻa pū kahi wahi, ke ʻākoakoa i nā kula iʻa nui (i kekahi manawa ua hui ʻia).
- Noho kaʻawale nā holoholona ʻōpio mai nā kāne makua kolohe.
- Loaʻa iā lākou ka subordination ma ke kūlana, mahalo i hiki ke launa pū kekahi me kekahi a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
- ʻO ka helu o nā kānaka i ka heluna e kaohi ʻia e ka momona a me ka make ʻana, ka mea e hilinaʻi nui ʻia i ka hiki ke hoʻololi o nā kauka iʻa.
- He mea nui ka poʻe lawaiʻa iʻa i ka biogenesis o nā ʻākoʻakoʻa. Ke ʻai nei i ka uhi o luna o nā kahakai, i hana nui ʻia e nā limu, ʻo kēia mau iʻa nā mea kōkua, e hana ana i ka hana o ka mea hāʻawi i ka puehu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻākoʻakoʻa.
No ka mea he wahi kūlohelohe ka coral no ka nui o nā iʻa kai, he mea nui ia no ka ulu ʻana o ko lākou lehulehu. Akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua luku ʻia nā pōhaku iʻa. Ua hōʻike lōʻihi nā ʻepekema hiki i nā pōhaku ke make pau loa i nā makahiki he 40 e hiki mai ana. A me lākou hoʻi, hoʻoweliweli pū ʻia nā holoholona o ke kai.
Hoʻohui ʻia, hopu ʻia ka iʻa o nā kauka a me nā poʻe ʻākoakoa ʻē aʻe e ka poʻe. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka emi ʻana o ko lākou lehulehu ma kahi o 10 mau manawa, e pili ana i ka hana hewa i ka ʻōiwi papa i ka biocenosis. ʻO ia hoʻi ke alakaʻi aku nei ia i ka make o nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, a me nā holoholona kai, a me nā kaukā iʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi.
ʻOiai, kahuna hana iʻa ʻaʻole i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book, akā he kiʻekiʻe kona nui i nā pilikia e hiki koke ai i laila.
Ka lā hoʻopuka: 09.03.2019
Lā hou: 09/18/2019 ma 21:09
