Ma nā kauhale a ma ke kūlanakauhale hoʻi, nānā pinepine ka poʻe i nā manu liʻiliʻi. E ale lele mau ma luna o nā hale, nā lau nahele, nā kahua haʻuki. He mea maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo i kēlā mau manu. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi huelo forked a lōʻihi loa, nā ʻeheu kūkulu kūkulu ʻia. ʻO ka nohona o nā manu ʻēheu wikiwiki e pili loa i nā kānaka.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka ʻala he manu liʻiliʻi ia na ka ʻohana o ka inoa hoʻokahi. Pili ia i ke kauoha o passerines. I ka wā mua, noho kiʻekiʻe kēlā mau manu ma nā kuahiwi, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua hoʻololi lākou i ke ola a puni nā kānaka. Noho nā ʻōlulu i nā kauhale a maʻalahi hoʻi i nā kūlana kūlanakauhale paʻakikī. Wahi a ko lākou nohona, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i mau ʻano.
ʻO ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻelua wale nō:
- Kūlanakauhale;
- Rustique.
ʻO ka ʻano mua he laha loa i nā ʻāina me nā anilā mahana. Kūkulu kēia mau manu keʻokeʻo i kā lākou mau pūnana, e kiʻi maʻalahi i ka meaʻai a hoʻouluulu i waena o nā hale he nui. Noho kokoke nā koholā kaiā kanaka i nā kānaka. Kūkulu pinepine lākou i ko lākou pūnana i nā keʻena o nā hale noho, ka hale, a me nā hale bipi. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻohilahila ʻia e kahi kokoke loa i ka poʻe. Kūleʻa ke kūlanakauhale a me ka hale ʻai i kekahi i kekahi ʻaʻole wale i ko lākou wahi noho, akā i ka helehelena hoʻi. Loaʻa i ka Rustles kahi pale beige lalo, nā kūlanakauhale - nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma lalo a me kahi huelo keʻokeʻo o luna.
Video: ʻōlulu
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka wehewehe ʻana o ka manu, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hōʻole i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kona hiki ke lele koke. Neʻe wikiwiki loa nā ʻōlena i ka lewa. Kōkua kahi hanana kino kūlohelohe kūikawā iā lākou i kēia. He huelo lōʻihi kā lākou, kahi kino o ke kahawai, ʻeheu a ikaika hoʻi nā ʻeheu. Maʻalahi nō hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo i kēia manu e kona ʻano plumage. He kino ʻeleʻele uliuli kona e hoʻomālamalama ʻoluʻolu i ka lā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Noho nā ʻohana ʻohana i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka ea. Kākaʻikahi loa lākou e ʻike ʻia ma ka honua. I ka lewa, ua aʻo kēia mau manu ʻaʻole wale e kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, akā e hiamoe pū kekahi, e hoa no ka hānau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ale ale manu
He paʻakikī e huikau i kahi ʻala me kekahi manu ʻē aʻe. Liʻiliʻi ʻo ia, neʻe wikiwiki i ka lewa, loaʻa kahi ʻano kumukānāwai o nā ale āpau. Hoʻolōʻihi iki ʻia ke kino o kēia mau manu, streamline. Māhele ʻia ka huelo i ʻelua ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e kahi ʻokiʻoki, lōʻihi nā ʻeheu, ololi. Pālahalaha iki ke poʻo o ka holoholona, a pōkole loa ka nuku.
Liʻiliʻi loa nā ale, ʻaʻohe ʻoi aku i ka nui o ka manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o ʻumikūmāhiku kenimika. ʻO ka ʻēheu mai iwakāluakūmālima kanakolukūmākolu kenimika. Liʻiliʻi hoʻi ke kaumaha - he ʻumikūmāwalu wale nō gram. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka hulu i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka ʻohana. Mai luna mai, like kēia mau manu - polū-ʻeleʻele me ka sheen metallic. ʻOkoʻa ka lalo. Kūleʻa keʻokeʻo nā ale o ke kūlanakauhale ma lalo, beige nā ʻāina ʻona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻo ka lele o ke ʻala ka dexterous, wikiwiki. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka lele o ka nānā hiʻohiʻona. Ma ke kaulike, hana nā manu e like me ʻelima mau pale o ko lākou mau ʻeheu i kēlā me kēia kekona.
I nā kohola kohola kaiāulu, aia paha nā kiko kala ʻāpana ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka lae. Uhi ʻia nā wāwae o nā ale i lalo. ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa nā hiʻohiʻona o nā wahine a me nā kāne. ʻO nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua wale nō ka mea ʻokoʻa i kekahi. I ka mua, dimmer ke kala o ka hulu - ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele.
Molt nā manu makua a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Loaʻa kahi manawa molt lōʻihi i nā ʻōlou. Hele ia mai ʻAukake a Malaki. Hoʻololi mālie ka plumage: mua ka liʻiliʻi, a laila nui. He manu liʻiliʻi a pili kaiaulu i ka ale. Akā, ʻaʻohe ko lākou leo, nawaliwali.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ale?
Kiʻi: Kolo holoholona
ʻO nā ale ʻalu ʻalu e noho i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe:
- ʻEulopa ʻĀkau. ʻO Scandinavia ka mea i hoʻokoe ʻia;
- ʻAkau ʻĀkau, ʻAmelika Hema. Ma ka ʻĀkau, noho a noho kēia mau manu, ma ka Hema, hoʻoilo lākou;
- ʻApelika. Hoʻokomo nui lākou ma ka ʻākau o ka pae ʻāina;
- Hikina Waena, Kina, Iapana.
Maʻalahi ka manu kuhukukū e haku ma nā panalāʻau ʻokoʻa, hiki iā lākou ke maʻa a kokoke i kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻO nā mahana haʻahaʻa loa he ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā kūlana nui i waiho ʻia e kēia mau manu i ko lākou wahi noho ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, ka wai a me kahi kūpono no ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi pūnana. Noho nā manu ʻalalā i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale o kēia wā, a ma ka nāhelehele - i nā ana pōhaku.
Kūkulu lākou i ko lākou pūnana i nā hale mahiʻai: nā hale pā, nā hale kūwaho, ma lalo o ka ʻaoʻao o ka pōhaku, nā hale, nā alahaka. I kekahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ka pūnana ma nā kaʻaahi lohi. I ka nahelehele, noho kēlā mau holoholona i nā ana māmā a me nā āpau. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pūnana i ʻekolu kaukani mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Kākaʻikahi loa ka ale ʻana i ka pūnana o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Noho nā ale iki i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa i ka lele. ʻElua mau makahiki i ka makahiki, hana lākou i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi, e neʻe ana mai kā lākou wahi noho mau i nā wahi mehana no ka hoʻoilo. ʻO kēia mau holoholona e hibernate i nā wahi hema. Hiki iā lākou ke uhi i kahi mamao loa. Ma mua, ua paʻakikī ka manaʻo o nā ʻepekema, a a hiki i kekahi manawa manaʻo ʻia e ale i ka hibernate i ka hoʻoilo.
He aha ka mea a ka ale?
Kiʻi: Barn Swallow
E hana i nā mokulele lōʻihi, lele a hoʻopuka koke, pono i nā ale i nā protein he nui. ʻAi nui ka ale iki, a hiki ke hānai i kāna mau moa ma kahi o ʻekolu haneli manawa i ka lā!
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o kēia mau manu i hana ʻia i nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole:
- nā ʻūpū liʻiliʻi a me nā lele;
- nā makika, nā midges, nā pua lio;
- nā ʻano like ʻole o nā butterflies;
- ʻūhini a me nā nananana.
Hoʻāʻo nā manu e hōʻalo i nā mea kolo ʻino. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻopā i nā nalo a me nā nalo meli. Hiki ke hōʻeha ʻino i nā nalu mai ka ʻeha a me ka ʻawahia o ia mau ʻano pepeke. ʻAi nā manu i nā kolo ʻē aʻe āpau. ʻOiai ʻo ka uhi paʻa loa o kekahi mau nalo e pilikia ʻole iā lākou. Mālama maʻalahi ʻia kēlā uhi e ka ʻōnaehana digestive hoʻomohala maikaʻi o ka moni ale.
ʻO ka peculiarity o ke kaʻina hānai o nā ʻalulu kā lākou ala e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole pae kēia mau manu i ka honua no ka ʻai. Lawe ʻia ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa o ka hopu holoholona a me ka hānai ʻana i ka ea. Hopu lākou i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi a me ka waena i kūpono i ka lele. I ke ala like, mālama ka manu i kāna mau keiki - hānai ʻo ia i nā pīpī i ka ea pono.
ʻImi hoihoi: ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻohana ʻohana ʻimi i nā wahi haʻahaʻa. Ma laila lākou e ʻike ai i nā mea ʻono he nui no lākou iho i ke ʻano o nā mea kolo like ʻole. ʻO ka poʻe, i ka ʻike ʻana i nā ale lele liʻiliʻi, hoʻopili iā ia i ka wānana i ke anilā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe pili kēia ʻano manu i ka ua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ale
Hiki i nā nalu ke noho mahele a me ka nomadic. Inā noho nā manu i nā wahi me kahi aniau mehana, a laila ʻaʻole lele lākou no ka hoʻoilo, alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona noho. I kekahi hihia ʻē aʻe, koi ʻia nā ʻalā e hoʻolele i nā lele lōʻihi no ka hoʻoilo i nā kūlana ʻae ʻia. ʻO ke kaʻina migration kahi pae paʻakikī no kahi manu liʻiliʻi. Kālua ʻia nā ʻenekini e lele ʻelua manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki.
ʻEleu nō ka nohona o kēia mau holoholona. ʻAʻohe lākou hoʻomaha iki, ʻimi mau i nā meaʻai na lākou a me kā lākou keiki - a aia kēia mau mea āpau i ka lewa. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā ʻalā, nāwaliwali, nā lālā pōkole. ʻAʻole i kūpono ko lākou mau wāwae no ka neʻe ʻana i ka honua. ʻAʻohe lākou e piholo i kēlā haʻahaʻa a hele wāwae i ka honua. ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa wale nō ke kaʻina o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūnana.
Hiki i nā ale ke lele i nā haʻahaʻa a haʻahaʻa loa. Wikiwiki loa lākou. I kēia pili, ʻo lākou ka lua o ka wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki, kahi e huikau pinepine ai ka poʻe iā lākou. Hiki i nā ʻōleʻele ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki i ka lele ʻana a i hoʻokahi haneli iwakālua mau kilomika i kēlā me kēia hola. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau manu ʻaʻole makemake i ke kaua, akā maluhia. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoiai inā noho kahi malihini i ko lākou pūnana, ʻaʻole e lele mai ka ale ale, akā e hoʻohou wale me ka hoʻomaha ʻole a puni ka hale. Inā ʻaʻole ia e makaʻu i ka mea komo hewa, a laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūkulu i kahi pūnana hou kokoke.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ale ale manu
He manu monogamous ka manu ʻino. Inā hana lāua i kahi kāne, a laila lōʻihi ia. ʻO nā hihia o ka wahine polygamy he laha ʻole i kēia ʻohana. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hui i ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka wela mua - i ka hoʻomaka o ka puna. I kēia manawa, hohola nā kāne i kā lākou huelo, kani leo nui e ʻumeʻume i ka manaʻo o ka wahine a lākou e makemake ai.
Loaʻa i kahi hoa kūpono, hoʻomaka nā manu e pā. I ka wā o ke kau, hiki i kēlā me kēia wahine ke ʻānai i ʻelua mau moa o nā moa. Ke waiho nei ka wahine ʻaʻole ma mua o ʻehiku mau hua i ka manawa. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻehā a ʻelima paha. Eia kekahi, ale ka makua i nā hua manu i ma kahi o ʻumikūmāono mau lā. Hana lākou i kēia i ka huli. Hānau ʻia nā ʻikena. Kākaʻikahi kā lākou nui, ke hiki i ʻehā kenimika.
Hānau hānau ʻole ʻia nā chicks, ma ka mua ʻaʻohe o lākou plumage. I nā pule mua, hāʻule pono ka mālama a pau o nā keiki i nā mākua hou. Hānai pū lākou i nā hunahuna i ʻekolu mau pule. A laila, no kekahi mau lā, hana nā manu i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio. Aʻo lākou iā lākou pehea e hopu ai i nā pepelu a lele. Eia hou, haʻalele nā keiki i ka pūnana makua a hui pū me ke koena o ka ale.
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ke ola o nā ale ale, ma ka awelika, ʻehā mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ke kūlohelohe. Noho kekahi mau kānaka i ʻewalu mau makahiki. Hiki i nā wahine ke hāʻawi i nā keiki i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻAʻole nui ka brood mua, ʻo ka lua a ʻo nā mea āpau e ʻoi aku ka nui.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā ale
Kiʻi: E ale i ka lele
ʻO ka ʻala he manu liʻiliʻi, pale ʻole. Akā ʻaʻole paha ia e lilo i mea pio maʻalahi. He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe kāna ma muli o ka hiki i ka ale ale ke hoʻomohala wikiwiki loa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomau. ʻO ia ma muli o ko lākou ʻano lele e ale i ka mea ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke lilo i nā mea ʻiʻo mammalian. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe ke hāʻule kahi manu i ka honua ma muli o kahi ʻeha ʻēheu.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻO nā manu kani nā manu neʻe. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ʻaʻole lākou i make ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka ʻenemi, akā no nā pilikia e kū mai ana i ke kaʻina o nā huakaʻi lōʻihi. No laila, i ka wā o ka lele, ma muli o ke ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ka manawa, hiki i kahi ʻohana holoʻokoʻa ke make.
Alualu pinepine ʻia nā ʻalā kūlanakauhale e ka falcon falby. ʻO kēia ka ʻenemi weliweli loa o nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻAno wikiwiki ʻo ia, hopu maʻalahi i kāna mea pio ma ka lewa. I kekahi manawa e kakali ana ka falcon no nā manu kokoke i ka waihona wai. He palupalu loa ʻo nā ʻōpala ke ʻohiʻohi i nā mea e kūkulu ai i ko lākou pūnana ponoʻī.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻenemi o nā ale e like me nā parasite a me nā endoparasites. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ko lākou kino a me ko lākou kino e nā tick, fleas, a me malaria. Aia kekahi kaʻawale ʻokoʻa no kēia ʻano manu. Kapa ʻia ʻo Ceratophyllus hirundinis. Hiki i nā manu ke hopu i ka malaria mai nā makika.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: E ale i ke kūlohelohe
I kēia lā aia he kanahiku a ʻoi aku o ka ʻohana ale. Wahi a nā manaʻo loea loa o nā loea, ma kahi o kanahākūmāwalu miliona mau kānaka e noho nei i ʻEulopa wale nō. Ma ka honua a puni, hiki ʻole ke hoʻoholo i ka heluna o ka lehulehu. He neʻe kēia, manu liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike maopopo ʻia ia ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona i kekahi o nā fluctuations.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā ale ale, ua koho ʻia ko lākou kūlana mālama LC. ʻO kēia ka mea ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia ʻano manu me ka luku ʻia, ʻo ka makaʻu o ka hāʻule nui o ka heluna kanaka he liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau ʻāina, ua emi iki ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau manu. No laila, aia kekahi mau pilikia ma UK. No kēia kumu, ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā luna o UK i ka kaohi i nā ale a hoʻonui iki i ko lākou kūlana mālama.
Hiki i nā fluctuations i nā helu ale ke maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. Ke māhuahua nei ka lehulehu ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā hale hou, ka hoʻomalu ʻana o ka haumia ea i ke aupuni o nā ʻāina he nui kahi e noho ai nā manu. ʻO kekahi mau kumu nui e alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā manu: hoʻokūkū me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides weliweli e nā poʻe, kahi anuanu anuanu, a me ka nele o nā mea "kūkulu" no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pūnana.
E ale - ʻoluʻolu loa, manu maluhia me ka plumage nani a me ka leo melodic ʻoluʻolu. Noho maluhia ʻo ia i kahi poʻe, wikiwiki loa a hiki ke uhi maʻalahi i nā mamao mamao. Kūleʻa nā nalu i nā wahi me ke aniau akahai, ʻo ka makaʻu o ka emi ʻana o ko lākou heluna kanaka i ka wā kokoke loa he mea liʻiliʻi ia.
Lā paʻi: 25.03.2019
Lā hou: 07/05/2020 ma 11:50
