Pāpaʻi Kamchatka Kapa ʻia ʻo Royal no ka nui o kāna nui. He mea hoihoi ke ola kai kokoke loa ma ke ʻano he ʻano olaola, hoihoi pū kekahi ia mai ke kuanaʻike waiwai, ʻoiai he mea ia no ka lawaiʻa kālepa. Ākea ka nohona. ʻO ka pāpaʻi Kamchatka kekahi o nā ʻelele zoo i hala i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i ka hana.
Ke kumu a me ka wehewehe o ka laha
Kiʻi: Pāpaʻi Kamchatka
ʻO ka inoa ʻo Kamchatka crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) i kona ʻano kūwaho me nā pāpaʻi, akā naʻe, e like me ka hoʻolauna zoological, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ia i ke kaʻina hana ulu ulu mai nā pāpaʻu hermit no ka ʻohana o Craboids, ka genus maʻamau Paralithodes.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui mai nā pāpaʻi ka ʻelima o nā wāwae hele wāwae, pōkole a hūnā ʻia ma lalo o ka pūpū, a me kahi ʻōpū asymmetric kūlike ʻole me nā pale chitinous i nā wahine. Mālama ʻia kahi mau lālā liʻiliʻi i loko o nā pāpaʻi hermit e paʻa ai ka pūpū. I ke kaʻina hana o ka evolution, ua pau ka noho ʻana o ka pāpaʻi Kamchatka i ka pūpū a no laila ua nalowale ka pono e paʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻelima o nā wāwae i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kaila.
Holo ka pāpaʻi me ke kōkua o ʻehā mau lālā o ka lālā, e hoʻoneʻe iā lākou i ka huli. Ke neʻe nei i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻaoʻao o ka neʻe ʻana o kēia ʻano i ka ʻaoʻao.
Ma ka ʻōpū, kūlou a hoʻopōkole ʻia, aia nā papa liʻiliʻi a me nā micropods, ka asymmetry o ia mea e hōʻoia ai i ke kumu o ka arthropod mai nā ʻano i wili ʻia ka ʻōpū i kahi ʻano loli.
Video: Pāpaʻi Kamchatka
Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻike o ka hoʻopā a me ka honi e nā antennas mua me nā paukū huina e kau ana ma luna o lākou. He hopena koʻikoʻi kēia hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī i ka lawaiʻa hānai, kōkua i ka ʻimi a koho ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ke ulu a kanaka, hoʻololi ka iwi iwi, a i ʻole molt. ʻO ke alapine o ka molting i ka hoʻomaka o ke ola, keu hoʻi i ka ulu ʻana o nā larvae, kiʻekiʻe a pinepine pinepine ʻia, a i 1-2 i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ke kanaka makua, a i ka hopena o ke ola hiki wale nō i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua. Ehia mau manawa e hoʻokahe ʻia ai nā pāpaʻi e hoʻoponopono ʻia e nā gland kūikawā i kau ʻia ma nā maka o ka maka. Ma mua o ka hoʻokahe ʻia ʻana o ke kino kahiko, ua uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana palupalu o ka arthropod me kahi pūpū palupalu nāwaliwali. Ke ola nei ka pāpaʻi Kamchatka ma ka awelika ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ola ka pāpaʻi Kamchatka
ʻO ke kino o ka pāpaʻi nā ʻāpana ʻelua - ka cephalothorax, aia ma lalo o ka pūpū pale, a me ka ʻōpū, e pelu ana ma lalo o ka cephalothorax. Pale ʻia nā maka e kahi kualapa carapace e kū nei a i ʻole ka nuku. ʻO ka carpax he mau kui kiki e like me nā kākalaioa, 6 o ia mau mea ma luna o ka puʻuwai a me 11 ma luna o ka ʻōpū.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hana pale, hana pū ka pūpū i ka hana o ke kākoʻo a me ka exoskeleton, no ka mea, hoʻopili ʻia nā olonā mākia e lawe i nā neʻe iā ia mai loko. Nā ʻōnaehana hanu - nā gills - aia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ka iwi iwi. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻōnaehana makaʻu e ke kaulahao o nā piko nerve i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka cephalothorax a me ka ʻōpū. Aia ka puʻuwai ma hope a ʻo ka ʻōpū ma ke poʻo.
I loko o nā pālua wāwae ʻelima, hoʻohana wale ka pāpaʻi i ʻehā no ka neʻe ʻana. Hūnā ʻia ka pālima ʻemi i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ma lalo o ka carapace a hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻōiwi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. ʻOkoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā māiʻu i loko o ka pāpaʻi aliʻi ma ke ʻano o ka hana i hana ʻia. ʻO ka māiʻu hema o ka pāpaʻi e ʻokiʻoki i ka meaʻai palupalu, a ʻo ka ʻākau e haki i ka mea paʻakikī - nā urchin kai e noho ana ma lalo, nā pūpū o nā mollusk like ʻole. ʻOkoʻa nā mākiao i ka nui, ʻo ka mea nui ka mea kūpono, e hana ana i nā hana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.
I nā kāne, ʻokoʻa ka laulā o ke kino mai 16 a 25 cm a hiki ke kaumaha i 7 kg. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā wēlau o nā wāwae lōʻihi i nā kānaka nui loa ma kahi o 1.5 m. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine - ke kino a 16 cm, ke kaumaha ma ka awelika 4 kg. ʻOkoʻa ka wahine i ke alo o kahi ʻōpū āpau a kūlike ʻole.
ʻO kaʻula o ka pūpū o ka pāpaʻi Kamchatka ma luna i ʻulaʻula me kahi aniani brown, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao he mau wahi a me nā blotches i ke ʻano o nā kiko poni, ma lalo ka māmā o ke kala o ka pāpaʻi - mai keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pāpaʻi Kamchatka?
Kiʻi: Pāpaʻi Kamchatka Nui
Ua palahalaha ia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Moana Pākīpika, kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā arthropods o kēia ʻano ma ka moku ʻo Kamchatka ma ke kai o Okhotsk, a ma ke kai ʻo Bering. Noho pū ka pāpaʻi ma waho o ke kapakai ʻAmelika ma ka Bristol Bay, Norton Bay a kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian. I ke kai o Iapana, ʻike ʻia ka nohona ma ka ʻaoʻao hema.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. Ua hoʻomohala a hana i nā biologists Soviet i ka neʻe ʻana o nā laha i ke Kai Barents.
Kūlike nā kūlana o ke kaiapuni hou mai nā kūlana maʻamau o ka nohona kūlohelohe (ka paʻakai haʻahaʻa, nā pae o ka mahana, ke aupuni hoʻololi wela o ka makahiki) Ke holo nei ke kaʻina hana aʻo kumumanaʻo mai 1932, i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka pahuhopu nui - e loaʻa ka waiwai waiwai mai ka lawaiʻa ʻana i loko o kā lākou wai, e pale ana i ka hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe mai Iapana a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā hoʻāʻo mua e lawe i nā pāpaʻi i lawe ʻia e ke kaʻaahi a ʻaʻole i kūleʻa - make nā kānaka āpau, lōʻihi ka manawa huakaʻi, ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau lā. Ma hope o kēlā, i nā makahiki 60, lawe ʻia ka halihali mokulele, i lawe ʻia i kahi manawa pōkole. No laila, ua lawe ʻia a lawe ʻia nā hoʻouna mua o nā arthropods. Ma hope, i nā makahiki 70, ua lawe ʻia ka halihali i nā kaʻa holoʻokoʻa i hoʻolako pono ʻia a ʻo ia ka mea kūleʻa loa.
I kēia manawa, ma muli o ke kaʻina hana hoʻouka kaua ma ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi anakahi kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa me kahi hoʻopihapiha kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻoponopono pilikino ʻana i ka nui. Kū ka hopu kalepa o nā kāne nui. Pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻōpio a me nā wahine.
He aha ka ʻai a ka pāpaʻi ʻo Kamchatka?
Kiʻi: Kamabika king crab
ʻO nā meaʻai no kēia laha he ʻokoʻa loa a ʻo ka pāpaʻi he predator omnivorous maʻa mau.
ʻO nā kamaʻāina āpau o ke kai he mau meaʻai.
- nā mollusc like ʻole;
- plankton;
- ilo:
- ʻino kai;
- crustaceans;
- poʻe ascidians;
- iʻa liʻiliʻi;
- hōkū kai.
ʻAi nā holoholona ʻōpio i:
- limu;
- nā meaola hydroid;
- ilo
I ko lākou ola, hana nui nā lunamaka o kēia laha i nā neʻe no nā mea ʻai. Ke neʻe nei mai kahi kaiaolaola a i kekahi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mea nui i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana i lilo i meaʻai.
Lawelawe nā maiuu ikaika me he mea hana maikaʻi loa, a maʻalahi ka pāpaʻi i ka meaʻai e pono ai. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka pepehi ʻana i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, ʻaʻole ʻai ka pāpaʻi iā ia, a ua nalowale ka hapa nui o kāna nui. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pāpaʻi i mea ʻai no nā koena o nā iʻa a me nā meaola kai ʻē aʻe, e hana ana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā wahi wai. Ma hope o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka pāpaʻi i loko o ka wai o ke kai ʻākau, ʻaʻohe manaʻo kānalua e pili ana i ka mana o ka poʻe malihini i nā biosystems kūloko ma ka laulā.
Ua hoʻohalahala kekahi mau ʻepekema i ka hoʻokolohua, e makaʻu nei i ke alo a me ka helu o nā lāhui ʻōiwi o nā kupa o ke kai ʻākau, kahi e hoʻokūkū ai ka pāpaʻi ʻo Kamchatka i ka pono o ka meaʻai a ʻai ʻia hoʻi. Ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i kekahi ʻano o nā meaola, hiki i ka pāpaʻi ke alakaʻi i ko lākou nalo ʻana a hiki i ka make ʻana. ʻ speaklelo ʻoluʻolu nā ʻepekema ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā hopena o ka hoʻolauna, me ke koʻikoʻi i ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. I nā manawa like ʻole o ko lākou ola pōʻaiapuni, makemake nā arthropods i nā meaʻai like ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana, kahi kanaka e kokoke ana e moult i ka wā e hiki mai ana ke koho ʻoi aku i nā meaola me ka nui o ka calcium, e like me echinod germ, no ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pāpaʻi Kamchatka
ʻO ke kino ikaika o ka arthropod, e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he pale a me ke kākoʻo, i ka manawa like pale i ka ulu ʻana ma waena o nā manawa o kona loli. Ulu wale ka holoholona i loko o kahi manawa pōkole (ʻo ka maʻamau ma mua o 3 mau lā), ke kiola ʻia ke kino paʻa kahiko, a palupalu a palupalu ka mea hou ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia me ka piʻi wikiwiki o ka nui. Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka ulu, hoʻomāʻona nui ʻia ka uhi chitinous me nā paʻakai calcium a kū ka ulu ulu a hiki i ka molt o hope.
ʻOkoʻa ka pinepine o nā hoʻololi carapace ma ke ʻano o ke ola.
- a i 12 mau manawa ma hope o ke hoʻokumu ʻana o ka larva i ka makahiki;
- a i 7 mau manawa, emi iki i ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola;
- 2 mau manawa i ka makahiki i ka manawa o ke ola mai ke kolu a i ka iwa o ka makahiki o ke ola o kēlā me kēia;
- 1 ka manawa mai ka makahiki ʻeiwa a ʻumikūmālua o ke ola;
- 1 kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻelua, mai ka makahiki ʻumikūmākolu a i ka hopena o kona ola.
I ka wā hoʻoheheʻe, hoʻāʻo ka holoholona e loaʻa ka puʻuhonua i nā kaumaha a i ʻole nā kaha pōhaku, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e pale me ka ʻole o ke kaha ikaika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi. ʻAʻole pili ka molting i ka uhi o waho o ka pāpaʻi, akā ʻo ka hoʻohou hou ʻana o nā mea o loko - hōʻano hou ʻia nā pūpū o ka esophagus, ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū. ʻO nā ligament a me nā olonā e hoʻopili i nā olonā i ka exoskeleton hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia. Hoʻohou hou ʻia nā puʻuwai puʻuwai.
ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha kahi arthropod hana, hana mau i nā neʻe neʻe ʻana. ʻAʻole hoʻololi ke ala o ka neʻe, e hana hou ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ke kumu o ka neʻe ʻana ka hoʻololi o ka manawa i ka mahana o ka wai a me ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai, a me ka instinct reproductive.
No laila, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, poho ka pāpaʻi ma lalo o ka wai i loko o 200-270 m. Me ka hoʻomehana ʻana, hoʻi ia i ka wai pāpaʻu i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka meaʻai. Hele ka pāpaʻi i ka lehulehu, ʻākoakoa i nā hui me nā helu like ʻole. ʻO nā kāne i hōʻea i ka makahiki he ʻumi a me nā wahine ʻehiku a ʻewalu paha makahiki i mākaukau no ka hānau ʻana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pāpaʻi kai Kamchatka
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna, hoʻomaka nā kāne i kā lākou huakaʻi i ka wai papau. Holo nā wahine i ke ala like, akā i nā hui kaʻawale. Hāpai ka wahine i nā hua moa pala ma nā wāwae i kū ma ka ʻōpū. Ma kahi kokoke i ka wai papau, kū mai nā larvae mai nā hua manu a lawe ʻia e kēia au. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hua hou i loko o nā ʻāpā o ka wahine, kokoke e hoʻouluulu ʻia.
Me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ʻo nā mea o nā kāne ʻelua e hoʻokokoke a hana i kahi kūlana - paʻa ke kāne i ka wahine me nā māiʻuʻu ʻelua, e like me ka lulu lima. Hoʻomau ka paʻa ʻana a hiki i ka hopena o ka molt, i kekahi manawa kōkua ke kāne i ka mea i koho ʻia e hoʻokuʻu iā ia iho mai ke kino kahiko. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka molt (ma ka awelika, mai ʻekolu a ʻehiku mau lā), hoʻokuʻu ke kāne i kahi lepe me nā hunaola - spermatophores, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā wāwae o ka wahine. ʻO ke kāne, i ka pau ʻana o ka nuʻukia, hemo a molts pū kekahi.
Ma hope o kekahi manawa (mai kekahi mau hola a i kekahi mau lā), hū ka wahine i nā hua (mai 50 a 500 tausani), kahi e hui pū ai me ka lipine o ke kāne. Hōʻuluʻulu kahi mea lāʻau kuʻikuʻi kūikawā i nā hua a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou i ka villi ma nā wāwae o ka wahine, kahi e hele ai i loko o kahi pōʻaiapuni a hiki i ka puna aʻe, no 11 mau mahina. Hoʻokumu wale ka wahine i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō i ka makahiki, i ka puna, ʻoiai e hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻokō i ke kaʻina moena me nā wahine.
ʻO nā larva i kū pono mai nā hua manu mai ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina i ke kolamu wai a halihali ʻia e kēia au; i kēia manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a hiki i ka 96% o nā larvae make. Ma hope o ke komo ʻana o nā larvae i koe i lalo, i loko o nā mānoanoa o ka limu, kahi e noho ai lākou i ʻekolu mau makahiki. Lele pinepine lākou, hele i loko o nā pae o ka hoʻomohala. A laila neʻe nā ʻōpio i nā wahi one o lalo. Hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i 5 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, i kekahi manawa he 7 mau makahiki o ka makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā pāpaʻi Kamchatka
Kiʻi: Pāpaʻi King
Aia kekahi mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe i nā ʻelele nui o nā mākua o nā laha, ʻoiai he pale maikaʻi loa ka pāpaʻi - kahi pūpū pono a kūpaʻa hoʻi, a ʻo ia hoʻi, uhi ʻia me nā nila kuʻi e like me ke kui. Hiki i nā māmela kai nui wale ke lanakila i kahi pāpaʻi makua.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻenemi o nā kānaka o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, i waena o lākou:
- iʻa ʻaihue;
- Pipi Pākīpika;
- halibut;
- ʻili kai;
- gobies;
- heʻe;
- nā pāpaʻi o nā nui nui, o kēlā me kēia lā (ʻike ʻia ka cannibalism intraspecific).
I ka wā hoʻoheheʻe, lilo ka pāpaʻi i mea maʻalahi loa a koi ʻia e ʻimi i kahi e puʻuhonua ai. ʻAʻole pili ke kanaka i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā laha, eia naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hopu pāʻoihana i kāohi ʻole ʻia, nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻana, hiki i ke kanaka ke lilo i ʻenemi laha. No laila, ma ka pae mokuʻāina, hoʻoholo ʻia nā ʻukuna no ka hopu ʻana i ka arthropod aliʻi, i mea e hoʻohana pono ai i nā waihona o ka lehulehu, me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻole i kā lākou helu a me ka hiki ke ola.
Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole nā hana a ke kanaka i ke ola kai, i ka pāpaʻi ʻo Kamchatka. ʻO nā ʻōpala kemika ʻenehana, nā ea, nā huahana aila e hoʻohaumia i ka nui o ke kai a me nā moana, e hoʻohuli maikaʻi ʻole nei i nā mea ulu a me nā holoholona. ʻO ka hopena, pau nā lāhui āpau a i ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka make.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pāpaʻi aliʻi nui
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o ka pāpaʻi aliʻi i loko o nā hui o kēlā me kēia kanaka, ʻoiai e neʻe ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne, e hui ana hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i ka makahiki, i ka puna, no ka male ʻana. E neʻe ʻokoʻa ka poʻe ʻōpio, e hana ana i nā pūʻulu o nā holoholona ʻōpio. ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka pāpaʻi ma ka moku ʻo Kamchatka e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ʻia i kēia manawa, no nā kumu like o ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana a me ka kāohi ʻole ʻia.
I ke kai Barents, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka laha o nā laha i kahi, kūlike ke ʻano. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe e hoʻoponopono ana i ka heluna kanaka, ua palahalaha koke aku ka arthropod aliʻi ma nā wahi kai o ke kai Barents. Wahi a nā koho paʻakikī, ʻo ka heluna kānaka ma 2006 ma kahi o 100 miliona mau kānaka a ke hoʻomau nei e ulu.
Hoʻopau koke ka predator polyphagous i nā lāhui ʻōiwi o nā crustacea he nui, molluscs a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hāpai pono nei i nā hopohopo no ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o kahi kaiaolaola paʻa i ke Kai Barents ma waena o nā meaola he nui.
Mai ka 2004, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Lūkia e hana i ka hopu kai. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻohi ʻae ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki e pili ana i ke kūlana o kēia manawa i ka nui o ka heluna kanaka.
Pāpaʻi Kamchatka he arthropod hoihoi me kahi pōʻaiapuni ulu kūikawā. Ua hala pono i nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻolauna a me ka acclimatization ma ke kai ʻākau o Barents. ʻOkoʻa ka wānana ʻepekema pehea ka hopena o kēia hoʻouka i ka pono o ke kaiaolaola kai i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Lā paʻi: 03/16/2019
Lā hou: 11.11.2019 ma 12:05
