No ka poʻe hoʻomana i nā puaʻa guinea a mālama a mālama paha i kahi holoholona maikaʻi i ka home, capybarakanalua ʻole e makemake nui iā ia, no ka mea, like loa kēia mau holoholona i ka helehelena, ʻo ka mea hope he ʻumi wale nō ka nui a ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi. He paʻakikī ke manaʻoʻiʻo i kahi holoholona o ia ʻano kaumaha he koʻokoʻo ia a ʻaʻole maʻalahi, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi capybara kupaianaha a ʻano ʻole hoʻi ka haku wahine o ka mea wai, me ka ʻole o kēia holoholona e noʻonoʻo ʻole i kona ola ʻana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Capybara
Inā huli mākou i ka mōʻaukala kahiko loa, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i ke aʻa o capybaras i nā aʻa e hoʻi ana i nā kenekulia, a hiki i ka millennia. Aia he hōʻike e pili ana i ʻekolu miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei i noho ai kahi koʻokoʻo nui ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema, a ʻo kona kaumaha i hiki i kahi o ke tona. He ʻohana a kā kēia titan a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ke kaupaona ʻana ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli haneli.
I kēlā mau lā, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hema mai ʻAmelika Hema, a ua ʻoluʻolu ka ʻāhiu o nā koʻokoʻo nunui. Me ka hiki ʻana mai o ka Isthmus o Panama (ma muli o nā ʻano kūlohelohe like ʻole), ua hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o nā holoholona ikaika mai ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hema, e hoʻokaumaha ana i nā kiore nui, a ua nalo mālie. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hiki i kahi ʻohana ke hoʻololi a ola, ʻo ia a koe ka capybara, kahi mea paʻakikī e hoʻokūkū me nā mea ulu lāʻau nui aʻe.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "capybara" ponoʻī mai ka ʻōlelo o ka ʻohana ʻInikia Guarani hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "nona nā mea kanu" a "ʻai i ka mauʻu lahilahi." Ua hāʻawi aku nā ʻōiwi kūloko iā ia i mau inoa ʻē aʻe:
- poncho;
- capigua;
- caprincho;
- Chiguire.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka inoa hou, ʻepekema, inoa kūhelu o kēia holoholona, a laila like ia me "puaʻa wai". No laila, ʻo ka capybara (capybara) kahi mammal herbivorous e alakaʻi ana i kahi nohona semi-aquatic, kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana capybara. Ua ʻepekema nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka capybara i nā rodent porcupine. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā ʻano like ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana, ua huli aʻe ia o nā holoholona āpau e noho nei i kēia mau lā, ʻo ka capybara ka pili pili ʻohana me ka puaʻa mauna (moco). Eia naʻe, pili ʻole loa ka hope i ka wai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Capybara holoholona
ʻO ke ʻano mālie a mālie hoʻi o capybaras e hana i kahi ʻano o ko lākou noʻonoʻo mau loa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i ka helehelena o kahi capybara e lawe mai i kahi minoʻaka. Nui ʻē ke poʻo o kēia mau koʻokoʻo, ʻōpuʻupuʻu ka waha, a ʻāpana iki hoʻi. Liʻiliʻi ka pepeiao, poepoe, maka liʻiliʻi hoʻi nā maka, ākea ka ihu ākea ākea i ka ʻāpala.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia koʻokoʻo kona nui nui a me ke kaumaha. Hoʻololi ke kaumaha o nā kāne mai 54 a 63 kg, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine - mai 62 a 74 kg. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i kaupaona (mai 90 kg), akā he rarity kēia. Ulu ʻo Capybaras i ke kiʻekiʻe mai ka hapalua mika a i ka 62 knm, i ka lōʻihi - ʻoi aku i ka mika.
Video: ʻO Capybara
He 20 mau niho ka capybara, ʻo ka mea hoʻoweliweli a hoʻoweliweli hoʻi nā incisors, a he ʻalani ko lākou. ʻIke ʻia lākou i ka waha e like me nā pahi nunui. ʻO nā niho ʻē aʻe (pāpālina) e hoʻomau i ka ulu a puni ke ola a ʻaʻohe o lākou aʻa. Hoʻonui mānoanoa ka tubercles he nui ma ka alelo o ka holoholona.
ʻO ke kapa komo o ka puaʻa wai he kolohe a bristly, ulu nā lauoho mai 3 a 12 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻohe o ka kapa capybara i lalo o ke kapa komo, no ka hopena e hiki i nā kukuna o ka lā ke puhi i kona ʻili, no laila hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ʻo ia me ka lepo, e like me ka sunblock.
Hiki i ke kala Capybara ke:
- chestnut ʻulaʻula;
- palaunu;
- kokoleka pouli.
ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka'ōpū i ke kala, me kahi melemele liʻiliʻi. He ʻeleʻele (ʻane ʻeleʻele) kekahi mau kānaka ma kā lākou muzzles. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke kala o ka ʻōpio.
ʻO ka helehelena o kahi capybara pili wale ʻia me ka puaʻa guinea, he ʻano like ia me ka pahu ipu bele me nā wāwae ʻehā. ʻEhā ona manamana wāwae elongated me septa webbeded ma kona mau wāwae mua, a ʻekolu ma kona mau wāwae hope. Mānoanoa a kūmūmū nā māiʻuʻu o ka capybara, e like me nā mākia. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hope, no laila i kekahi manawa ke ʻano noho ka holoholona. Ma ka croup ikaika o ka capybara, ʻaʻole ʻike iki ʻia ka huelo. Aia ʻo ia, aia nō, akā ma kahi o ka hohonu o ka ʻuhane.
Ma hea e noho ai ka capybara?
Kiʻi: holoholona Capybara
He wahi paʻa mau ko ka capybara ma ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema. Makemake ʻo ia i kahi aniau me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai. Noho i nā ʻāina e like me Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Panama, Uruguay, Guyana. Ma ka laulaha, ua noho kēia holoholona ʻano maikaʻi ma loko o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO kekahi o nā kūlana ola nui loa no kēia meheu nui nui ka kokoke o kahi kino wai. Makemake ka puaʻa wai i ka muliwai a me nā kahakai kahawai, makemake e noho kokoke i nā loko a me nā loko iʻa e ulu ai ka hyacinth a me nā lau.
ʻAi ʻia i nā nāhelehele, ʻai i ka mauʻu Guinean, a loaʻa i nā ʻāina mahiʻai. Noho ka capybara i nā ululāʻau o Chaco, savannas, i hoʻopiha ʻia e nā kahawai. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻike i kahi puaʻa wai ma nā wahi mauna (ma kahi o 1300 m), ma kahi kokoke i nā kualono mangrove.
ʻAʻole e neʻe ka capybara ma mua o hoʻokahi kilomita mai ka waihona wai, no ka mea ʻaʻole ia ʻo kāna ʻōiwi a punahele punahele wale nō, akā kahi puʻuhonua hoʻi mai nā mea hoʻoiho ʻāina nui. ʻAʻole hoʻolako nā capybara i kahi ana, kahi puka, kahi ana, ola ia a kau pono i ka honua.
He aha ka ʻai a capybara?
Kiʻi: Capybara capybara
ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia e nā India nā puaʻa wai nā haku o ka mauʻu, no ka mea hānai nui lākou iā ia. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu e noho ana i ka wai a me ka ʻāina. Ke pau ka wā ua, ua pāʻina ka capybaras ma ke kai. ʻAi lākou i nā capybaras a me nā mauʻu maloʻo, mauʻu. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā, i ka ʻā o nā lāʻau a me nā hua like ʻole, ʻai pū lākou i nā tubers o nā mea kanu like ʻole.
Hoʻonani ʻo Capybaras i nā ʻano melona a me nā ʻumeke, i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mahina ʻai i mahi ʻia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lāua ma nā ʻohe a me nā ʻāina mahi ʻai, akā ʻaʻole lawe kēia mau holoholona maluhia i ka nui o ka pōʻino. Eia nō naʻe, makemake lākou i ka limu a me ka mauʻu. I nā manawa maloʻo, hoʻokūkū nā capybaras me nā pipi no nā wahi hānai.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ka puaʻa wai he coprophages, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻAi lākou i ko lākou pahu iho. Ua hoʻonohonoho ka kūlohelohe iā ia no kahi kumu, kōkua ia i nā capybaras i ka digestion.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia ka nui o ka fiber i ka mauʻu e kēia mau holoholona. Ma muli o kēia, he keʻena kūikawā ka capybara i loko o ka cecum, kahi i hū ʻia ai ka meaʻai.
ʻAʻole pau nā huahana fermentation e nā holoholona, akā haʻalele i ke kino me nā feces, kahi a nā capybaras e ʻai ai, hoʻopiha hou i ka pono o ke kino no nā ʻenema kūpono a pau. ʻO ka poʻe i mālama i kahi puaʻa guinea ma ka home hiki ke nānā pinepine i kēia kaʻina hana; i capybaras hana mau ia i nā hola kakahiaka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Rodent capybara
ʻAʻole hiki iā Capybaras ke noʻonoʻo wale i ko lākou ola me ka wai ʻole. I loko o ka wai, ʻai lākou, inu, hoʻomaha, lawe i ka ʻauʻau lepo, hoʻomaʻalili, pakele mai ka weliweli. ʻO ke ala o ke ola no kēia mau holoholona kahi hui. Noho lākou i nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa he 10 a 20 mau lālā. ʻO ko lākou ʻano nohona e like loa me kahi harem, kahi i loaʻa kahi sultan kāne nui, kekahi mau wahine wahine me nā keiki. Aia kekahi mau lunamaka o ka moekolohe ikaika i ka harem, akā ʻaʻole lākou i kūʻē i ko lākou alakaʻi, hoʻolohe piha iā ia. Inā ʻike ke alakaʻi i kahi mea hoʻokūkū i kekahi, e kipaku ʻo ia iā ia i waho o ka ʻohana, no laila pono e noho kaʻawale kekahi mau kāne.
Loaʻa i nā wahine a me nā kāne nā gland perianal kūikawā e hōʻike i kahi ʻala kūikawā, he pākahi a kū hoʻokahi kēlā me kēia. No nā kāne, kamaʻilio ʻo ia e pili ana i ko lākou kūlana i ka ʻohana. Aia nā kāne i nā glands ʻala ma ko lākou poʻo, hoʻohana lākou iā lākou e hōʻailona i ko lākou mau panalāʻau. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā ʻāpana o hoʻokahi harem ke hoʻolōʻihi ma mua o 200 hectares, akā noho mau lākou mai 1 a 10 heketa. I ka wā ua, heleleʻi nā capybaras ma luna o nā wahi nui, a i nā manawa maloʻo lākou pūlulu i ke kahakai o nā kino wai. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli capybaras a puni kahi loko a kahawai paha, ʻo kekahi o lākou i huakaʻi i nā haneli mau kilomita e ʻimi ana i ka wai.
ʻOiai nā holoholona capybaras he maluhia a mālie hoʻi nā holoholona, nā hakakā a me nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne. ʻO ka hewa ka kūlana a me ke kūlana i ka hui, e hakakā ana nā kāne. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻo nā hakakā i loko o ka ʻohana like ʻaʻole i alakaʻi i ka make o kekahi o nā kāne. Inā kū nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne mai nā hui like ʻole, a laila e hana pinepine ʻia kahi hopena pōʻino. Ua lilo ʻo Capybaras i mea ʻeleu i ka ʻauinalā o ke awakea a i ke ahiahi. I nā hola o ke kakahiaka, makemake lākou e hoʻomaha ma ka wai. I ka wela nui, piʻi nā capybaras i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, makemake lākou e tinker i ka slurry. ʻAʻole hoʻolako kēia mau holoholona i nā hale noho, moe lākou i ka honua. Ke hiamoe nui nei ʻo Capybaras a pōkole hoʻi; ala pinepine lākou i ka pō e loaʻa i kahi meaʻai māmā.
He nui nā tālena o Capybaras: ʻauʻau lākou a luʻu me ka maikaʻi, ʻoiai nā ʻano curvaceous, mai poina e pili ana i kā lākou membrane ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i nā puaʻa wai ke lele, holo aku mai nā poʻe makemake ʻole i nā lele nui. A kupaianaha ke ʻano o ke kani a lākou e hana ai.
ʻO Capybaras cackle hoʻomākeʻaka, ʻāwī, ʻili, hana i nā kaomi, ʻūlū, wili i ko lākou mau niho. He hōʻailona ko kēlā me kēia hoʻōho, he hoihoi loa a ʻano ʻē. Inā ʻike nā holoholona i ka makaʻu, hoʻomaopopo lākou i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe me kā lākou hae ʻana. Piʻi ʻo Capybaras ke hopohopo nui lākou a i ʻole ʻeha. I ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me kekahi me kekahi, kaomi ʻoluʻolu lākou, a i ka wā o nā hakakā, hiki i nā kāne ke lohe i ke kuʻi ʻana o nā niho.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke ʻano, a laila he ʻano phlegmatic loa nā capybaras, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi he palaualelo iki lākou. He ʻoluʻolu loa kēia mau holoholona, hoʻopili aku lākou me nā kānaka me ka ʻole o nā pilikia, keu hoʻi inā mālama ʻia lākou me kekahi mea. Maʻalahi nō hoʻi ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi capybara, hiki iā ia ke lilo i hoa aloha kūpaʻa a aloha hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka ʻīlio. ʻOiai i nā circus, hana nā capybaras me ka kūleʻa, no ka mea aʻo pono. ʻO ke ʻano o kēia mau ʻaʻa nui he ʻano maikaʻi a akahai hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea ʻino loa. I ke kūlohelohe, noho nā capybaras mai 6 a 10 mau makahiki, a i ka noho pio ʻana - mai 10 a 12.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Capybara holoholona
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, he holoholona nā capybaras, nā holoholona hui, ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ka mehameha a noho i nā ʻohana nui me kahi hierarchy maopopo. ʻAʻohe kau moʻo kikoʻī no capybaras, hana kope lākou i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā keu pū me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wā ua. Hoʻowalewale ʻo Cavaliers i nā wahine ma ke kau ʻana i kā lākou mau māka ʻala ma nā mea kanu kokoke. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pololei nā kāne i nā wahine i ka wai. ʻO Capybaras nā holoholona polygamous; hiki i hoʻokahi wahine ke loaʻa i nā hoa kolohe i hoʻokahi manawa.
ʻO ka hanau ʻana i nā keiki ma kahi o 150 mau lā. ʻO ka maʻamau, hānau ʻia ka hānau hānau hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, i kekahi manawa hiki ke hana i kēia hana i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki.
Hānau ʻia nā puaʻa liʻiliʻi ma ka honua, ʻaʻole hana ka makuahine i kahi pūnana. ʻO ka maʻamau aia mai 2 a 8 mau ʻāpana. ʻIke like nā Cub me nā mākua: uhi ʻia lākou me ka lauoho (ʻoi iki ka māmā ma mua o ka poʻe oʻo), ʻike maka ʻia a toothy, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, kau lākou ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokika kēlā me kēia.
Hānai ka makuahine capybara i kāna keiki me ka waiū ma kahi o ʻekolu a ʻehā paha mahina, ʻoiai ʻike lākou i ka nau ʻana i ka mauʻu kokoke koke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Mālama a mālama pono nā wahine a pau i ka ʻohana. Ua makua ʻo Capybaras a hiki i ka hānau hou ʻana ma o 18 mau mahina, a laila hiki aku ko lākou kaumaha i 30 a i ʻole 40 kg.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka capybara
Kiʻi: Capybara
ʻOiai ka nui, nui nā ʻenemi o nā capybaras. I waena o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli i ka capybara:
- jaguar;
- ocelot;
- ʻōpala;
- nā ʻoka;
- caiman;
- anaconda;
- ʻīlio hihiu.
Hoʻoweliweli pinepine ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio e nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā mea ʻaihue huluhulu mai ka ʻohana manu manu. Mai ka poʻe makemake ʻole e hoʻouka kaua ana i ka ʻāina, holo ʻo capybaras i nā lele nui i loko o ka wai, kahi e peʻe ai ma lalo o ka wai, a waiho wale i hoʻokahi puka ihu ma luna no ka hanu ʻana. No laila noho paʻa lākou kekahi i kekahi (ʻo nā holoholona ʻōpio ke kikowaena ma waena, a aia nā mākua ma ka lihi) a hala ka pilikia. Hoʻohui, loaʻa i nā holoholona kahi ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio hoʻomohala maikaʻi, e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua. Inā ʻike ka capybara i kahi hoʻoweliweli e hiki mai ana, a laila e aʻo ʻo ia i nā lālā āpau o kona ʻohana e pili ana i kēia ma ke kani ʻana o ke kani.
Hoʻopau pū ka poʻe i nā capybaras ma ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou ʻiʻo, kahi mea ʻono e like me ka puaʻa. Hana ʻia nā huahana Haberdashery mai ka ʻili capybara, a hana ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻonani āpau mai nā incisors nui. Aia kekahi mea hoʻomākeʻaka a lapuwale hoʻi i ka wā ʻekolu mau kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua ʻike nā kāhuna Katolika i kēia koʻokoʻo iʻa me ka ʻae ʻia e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo capybara i ka wā e hoʻokē ʻai ai. I kēia lā ma Latin America aia nā mahiʻai holoʻokoʻa no nā capybaras hānau. Hoʻohana ʻia kā lākou ʻiʻo a me ka momona subcutaneile i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau. Hoʻohālikelike ka waiwai o ka momona capybara i ka badger.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Capybara albino
I ko mākou manawa hou, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka heluna lehulehu o nā capybaras, ʻaʻole kēia mau rodent hoihoi i lalo o ka pale kūikawā. Kūleʻa ka helu o nā capybaras, ʻaʻohe lele lele i ke ala o ka hōʻemi i ʻike ʻia. ʻOiai nā hana a ke kanaka ʻaʻole pilikia iki i kēia mau holoholona. ʻO ka ʻāina mahiʻai a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā wahi holoholona no nā holoholona capybaras, ma kahi ʻē aʻe, he mea maikaʻi. ʻIke lākou i ka meaʻai a me ka wai ma luna o lākou i ka wā maloʻo. Aia kekahi ʻano e ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona i nā wahi mahiʻai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma mua o ka wao nahele.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa mau i ka capybara kahi kūlana hoʻomaha. Aia kekahi mau manawa i Colombia, ua luku ʻia nā capybaras i nā nui he nui, a mai ka 1980, ua pāpā ke aupuni i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻole no kēia mau holoholona. Ma muli o ka ʻono ono, ua hoʻopau ka poʻe Venezuelan i nā capybaras he nui, i ka 1953 wale nō i hoʻomaka ke aupuni e kaohi i ka hopu ʻana o nā koʻokoʻo nui, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia i lawe i kahi kūleʻa nui, hoʻomau ka poʻe i ka huli aloha aloha ʻole i nā capybaras. I ka 1968, ua hoʻomohala nā ʻepekema zoological i kahi hoʻolālā hana e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻano biology o kēia mau holoholona a me ko lākou mālama ʻana. ʻO kēia mau kaʻina hana āpau i lawe i ka lehulehu i kahi kūlana paʻa.
I kēia manawa, aia nā capybaras ma ka papa inoa IUCN ma ke ʻano he holoholona i hoʻoweliweli ʻole ʻia me ka make o ka honua.
ʻO Capybara - ke koʻokoʻo hoʻokahi wale nō me kahi nui kupaianaha. ʻOiai kona nui nui, akahai loa kēia holoholona, ʻano maikaʻi, pili aloha a aloha hoʻi. ʻO Capybaras, i hoʻohuli ʻia e ke kanaka, lilo i mau hoaaloha ʻoiaʻiʻo a kūpaʻa hoʻi. Ke nānā nei i kēia mau holoholona, he mea hiki ʻole ke minoʻaka, no ka mea, ke hauʻoli ʻole nei kā lākou helehelena hiki ʻole ke hoʻomākeʻaka iā ʻoe.
Lā paʻi: 18.02.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 0:19
