Aeto gula he manu e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano o nā ʻaeto. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o kēia genus. ʻIke ʻia ia mai nā manu ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole wale i ka nui o ka nui, akā me kāna kala kikoʻī, kahi ʻano o nā ʻaeto gula. Hoʻololi maʻalahi kēia manu hanohano, mana nui i nā ʻano a hiki ke noho i nā ʻāina āpau.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike iā ia i kona ʻano kūlohelohe, ʻoiai he ʻike a he maʻalea kāna a ma nā ʻano āpau āpau e hōʻalo ai i ka hālāwai ʻana me ke kanaka. Ke holo nei ka manawa, ke emi nei ka nui o nā aeto gula. He manu ʻano hoʻoweliweli kēia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Berkut
Pili nā ʻaeto ʻaeto i nā manu like me ka hawk, kū i ka ʻohana o nā hawk, kahi ʻano o nā ʻaeto, kahi ʻano o nā aeto gula. ʻAʻole hiki i nā Zoologists ke ʻae i ke kumu o nā manu. Nui a hewahewa nā manaʻo o kā lākou ulu ʻana. ʻO ka mea i makemake nui ʻia ke kumu mai nā dinosaurs. ʻ claimlelo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo nā kūpuna kahiko loa o nā manu o ka manu i loaʻa i ka wā Jurassic (ma waena o 200 a me 140 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei).
Video: Berkut
Ua manaʻo lōʻihi nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo nā dinosaurs hulu - troodontids a me dromaeosaurids - nā kūpuna kahiko o nā mea hulu manu. ʻO ka hiki ke lele i ka dinosaurs hulu me ka ulu ʻana o nā kumulāʻau. Mahalo i ko lākou maiuu lōʻihi a me nā wāwae hope ikaika loa, ua aʻo nā dinosaur hulu e piʻi i nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, ua nīnau ʻia kēia kumumanaʻo i ka makahiki 1991, i ka wā i ʻike ai nā kānaka hulihonua i ke koena o nā manu kahiko ma Texas, i kapa ʻia he protoavis. Maliʻa paha, ua noho lākou ma ka Honua 230-210 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ia hoʻi, kokoke 100 mau makahiki ma mua o Archeopteryx. ʻO ia nā protohavis i loaʻa ka hapanui o ka mea maʻamau me nā mea ʻaihue o kēia au. Ua kuhiakau kekahi ʻepekema ʻo nā poʻe ukali āpau o ka protohavis, inā ʻaʻole ka hoahānau, a laila he mau hoahānau wale nō. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe kumu paʻa paʻa o kēia kumumanaʻo a ʻaʻole kākoʻo ʻia e nā ʻepekema a me nā mea noiʻi āpau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu Berkut
ʻO ka ʻaeto gula kekahi o nā manu lele nui loa o ka honua. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o kona kino mai 75 a 100 cm. Nui nā ʻēheu o nā manu - mai 170 a 250 cm. Loaʻa kēia ʻano manu i ka dimorphism moekolohe - loaʻa i nā wahine nā ke kaupaona a me ka nui o ke kino. ʻO ka nui o hoʻokahi wahine makua mai 3.7 a 6.8 kilo. Kaupaona ʻia kahi kāne kāne mai 2.7 a 4.8 kilo. Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo. He maka nunui kona a me ka nuku e like me ko ka ʻaeto ʻaʻano ke nānā aku. He kiʻekiʻe ia, pālahalaha ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, a lou ʻia i lalo.
Hoihoi! He maka maikaʻi ko nā aeto gula. He paʻakikī ko lākou ʻano o ka maka. Hiki i ka predator ke hoʻomaopopo i kahi hare holo mai ke kiʻekiʻe o 2000 mika. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā ʻano cones a me nā aniani ʻokoʻa e mālama mau i ka mea i ke kahua o ka ʻike. ʻO ke kū hoʻokahi o ka hihiʻo o nā mea hulu manu hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala. ʻAno loa kēia ʻano i ke aupuni holoholona.
Ma luna o nā maka o ka ʻaeto gula he mau mea pio superciliary e pale aku i nā maka o ka manu mai ke kukui ʻōlinolino a hāʻawi i kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻoi loa. He ʻāʻī pōkole ko nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana hawk me nā hulu elongated.
Hoihoi! Hiki i ka ʻāʻī predator ke hoʻohuli i nā kekelē 270, e like me ka pueo.
ʻO nā manu he lōʻihi loa a ākea hoʻi nā ʻeheu, kahi i hoʻopili iki ʻia i ke kumu o ke kino. Hoʻolahalaha ka ʻeheu i ka wā lele he ʻano S. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēlā kūlou i nā ʻōpio. Lōʻihi ka huelo o nā mea ʻaihue, puni. Hana ia ma ke ʻano he hoe uli i ka lele. He mau lālā ikaika ko ka manu a he lōʻihi hoʻi nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi loa.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka plumage o ka poʻe mākua. ʻEleʻele nā manu, ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻēheu, ka umauma, ka ʻopa a me ka ʻāʻī e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi māmā, plumage gula-keleawe. Pāleʻaleʻa ʻia nā chicks mai nā hua manu me ka keʻokeʻo o lalo. ʻO nā manu ʻōpio ke ʻano o ka ʻōmole plumage ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea kahiko. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻeheu, a me nā māka mālamalama ma ka huelo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻaeto gula?
Kiʻi: Eagle Berkut
Noho ka manu ma kahi o nā wahi āpau. Hiki iā ia ke noho i nā wahi mauna, nā kula, nā ululāʻau, nā māla, nā steppe, etc.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka nohona manu:
- Kōlea;
- Iapana;
- o ke kapakai komohana o Amerika Akau;
- Alaska;
- ʻĀpana waena o Mexico;
- ʻano liʻiliʻi ma Kanada;
- Skandinavia;
- Lukia;
- Belarusa;
- Kepania;
- Yakutia;
- Transbaikalia;
- Alps;
- Balkans.
ʻOiai ʻo ka hiki i nā ʻaeto gula ma nā wahi āpau, makemake lākou i nā ʻāina mauna a me nā pāpū nui. Noho nā mea ʻaihue huluhulu i kēlā mau wahi i hiki ʻole i nā kānaka. Noho pinepine nā aeto gula i nā steppe, nā ululāʻau, tundra, nā canyons kūlohelohe i haʻalele ʻia, i nā wahi ulu lāʻau, nā mānoanoa.
Makemake nā manu e noho kokoke i nā kino wai - nā kahawai, nā loko, a me nā piko mauna ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2500-3000 mau mika. No ka hopu holoholona, koho nā manu i kahi pālahalaha. Ma ia ʻāina, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka alualu ʻana i kā lākou mea pio, a no ka lōʻihi o nā ʻēheu nui, koi ʻia nā wahi palena ʻole. No ka hoʻomaha, koho nā manu i nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe a me nā kuahiwi kuahiwi.
Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, noho nā mea ʻili hulu ma kahi o nā wahi āpau, akā he mea maʻamau ʻole ka hui ʻana o kekahi kanaka me lākou. Hoʻokumu ka poʻe i ka makaʻu i nā manu, no laila ke kū nei lākou i kahi mamao loa mai iā lākou e hiki ai. I kā mākou latitude, noho ia i nā kahawai kahawai hiki ʻole ke hele ʻia ma ka Lūkini ʻĀkau, nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baltic, Belarus.
ʻAʻole nā aeto gula e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe e aloha i nā wahi hihiu ʻole ʻole a me nā wahi mehameha. ʻO ia ke kumu e noho ai lākou ma kahi o ka poʻe kokoke. Hiki iā lākou ke noho ma Transbaikalia a i ʻole Yakutia, ke hāʻawi ʻia nā pūnana ma kahi mamao o 10-13 mau kilomita mai kēlā me kēia. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka moku ʻApelika, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana hawk mai Morocco a Tunisia, a kokoke i ke Kaiʻula. Ma ka ʻāina o kā lākou wahi e noho ai, pono nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe loa kahi e hiki ai i nā manu ke kūkulu i ko lākou pūnana.
He aha ka ʻaeto gula e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: ʻEeto aeto manu
He ʻaihue ke aeto gula. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai kaʻiʻo. Pono kēlā me kēia mākua i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua i ʻelua kilogram o kaʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka pinepine, i mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai nāna, ʻimi kahi manu i nā holoholona i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ia. I ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi kumu meaʻai, hiki iā ia ke hānai i ke kino make, nā hua manu o nā manu ʻē aʻe, a me nā mea kolo. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i ka poʻe maʻi, nāwaliwali, a me nā moa a me nā keiki. ʻAi kēia mau mea ʻaihue i nā moa o nā aeto gula ʻē aʻe (cannibalism). I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokē ʻai a hiki i 3-5 mau pule.
Hiki i ka mea pio o ka ʻaeto gula ke:
- Nāʻiole Vole;
- Hares;
- Alopeke;
- Pōpō, nā geese, nā papapa, nā herona, nā manu ʻū, nā pheasants, nā pueo;
- Marmots;
- Nā honu;
- Nā Protein;
- Martens;
- Stoats;
- ʻO Roe dia;
- Hipa, keiki bipi.
Manaʻo ʻia nā ʻaeto gula he poʻe mākaʻikaʻi mākaukau. Hāʻawi maoli ʻia lākou me nā lālā ikaika a me nā māiʻuʻu, nā māiʻu lōʻihi, a me ka nuku ikaika. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e hāʻawi i nā hahau make i kā lākou mea i hōʻeha ʻia. ʻAʻohe o nā mākaʻi hulu hihi i hoʻokahi ʻōkuhi hopu holoholona a me nā hana. Hiki i ka hihiʻo maka ke ʻike i nā pio mai nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a mālama iā ia i mua o nā maka i nā manawa āpau. Hiki iā lākou ke hāʻule e like me ka pōhaku i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i kahi mea hopu holoholona, a i ʻole ke lele ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe, me he mea lā ʻaʻole hoihoi ka holoholona iā lākou i kēia manawa.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke kali nei lākou no ka manawa kūpono e hoʻouka. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole makemake nā ʻaeto gula i ka hana lōʻihi, lōʻihi. Hoʻouka lākou i kā lākou mea pio me ka wikiwiki o ka uila. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā manu e hahau i ka manawa hoʻokahi i kahi hahau ikaika loa. Inā alualu lākou i nā mea liʻiliʻi, hāʻawi ʻia nā hahau me ko lākou nuku. Ke ʻimi nei i kahi pio nui aku, komo ka mea ʻaihue i nā māiʻuʻu nui i loko o ia mea, e hou ana i ka ʻili a me nā mea kūloko.
Lālau ka mea ʻaihue i nā rodents a me nā mammal liʻiliʻi ma ke poʻo a hoʻi me kāna mau wāwae a wili i ko lākou ʻāʻī. ʻO nā ʻaeto ʻEulele ke akamai a me ka ʻimi holoholona ikaika. Ua lilo i mea hōʻeha ʻia i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o kahi ʻano hunter mākaukau, ʻaʻohe manawa o ka mea hōʻeha e ola ai. Mālama ʻo Berkuts e lawe i nā mea pio mai nā mea ʻimi ʻimi akamai hou aku. Inā pono e hoʻouka i ka mea pio o nā nui nui, hiki iā lākou ke kāhea i ko lākou mau hoa no ke kōkua no ka huli holoholona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻEeto aeto manu
Makemake ka ʻaeto gula e haʻalele i kahi, kahi e kokoke ana i nā wahi noho kanaka. ʻOiai i ka wā kahiko, hoʻoweliweli ka poʻe i kēia mau mea nui nui. Mālama ʻo Berkuts e hana i nā pālua a kūkulu i nā pūnana. Lawe ʻia kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe e kūkulu i kahi pūnana. ʻO ka pinepine pinepine he pine a aspen paha. Manaʻo ʻia nā manu he monogamous. Koho lākou i kahi pālua na lākou a noho pinepine i kēia pālua i ko lākou ola.
Hana lākou i nā pūnana he nui, mai hoʻokahi a ʻelima, a noho ʻokoʻa iā lākou. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā pūnana he 13-20 mau kilomita. I ka nohona o kekahi paʻa, hiki i nā ʻōpio ʻē aʻe i hana ʻole i kahi pālua ke noho maʻalahi. ʻIke mālie nā mea ʻili hulu i kahi kaiāulu. Koho ʻia kekahi wahi no ka ʻimi holoholona. I ka hoʻoilo, ke hoʻemi nui ʻia ka meaʻai, hoʻonui nā aeto gula i ka ʻāina ʻimi holoholona.
Makaʻu loa nā manu i ka hihia o ke kanaka i ko lākou wahi maoli. Inā ua ʻike ke kanaka i ko lākou pūnana, i piha nā hua manu, haʻalele pinepine nā aeto gula iā ia. Manuahi ka kūpaʻa kūpaʻa a me ka ikaika. E hoʻomau lākou e hāhai i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia a hiki i ka lilo ʻana i waiwai pio na lākou. He mana nui loa nā Predators. Hiki i hoʻokahi manu makua ke hāpai i kahi ukana i kaupaona a 25 mau kilokika i ka lewa. ʻO ka ikaika o nā lālā o lalo e ʻae i nā kānaka nui o kahi ʻīlio hae makua e hina i ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā manu e ka hoʻomanawanui, ka hiki ke ʻimi ʻālua, a me ke ʻano hakakā.
ʻOiai ka nui o lākou, lele lele nā mea ʻenekini hulu me ka lokomaikaʻi, lele maʻalahi i ka lewa a radical, hoʻololi koke i ke ala lele. Koho ʻia ka manu no ka hopu holoholona wale i nā hola o ke ao, ke hiki ka ea i kekahi mahana a ʻoluʻolu ia e lana i ka lewa. Hoʻolālā nā manu e hoʻomohala i kahi ala kikoʻī e lele ai nā aeto gula a puni kā lākou mau mea e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai. Koho pū lākou i nā lāʻau kiaʻi, kahi e wehe ai kahi ʻike maikaʻi loa o kahi ākea. ʻO nā wahi kahi e ʻimi ai nā manu i nā nui like ʻole. ʻO ko lākou nui mai ka 140 a i ka 230 sq. km ʻAʻole ia he ʻano maʻamau no nā aeto gula e hāʻawi i kahi leo; i kekahi manawa wale nō hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i kekahi kani mai iā lākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻElio aeto i ka lele
ʻO nā ʻaeto aeto he monogamous maoli. ʻO ke kūpaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa i ka mea i koho ʻia e noho mau i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa ke koho o ka hapalua i ka makahiki ʻekolu. Hoʻomaka ka wā male i ka hopena o Pepeluali a aneane hiki i ka hopena o ʻApelila. ʻO nā pāʻani moena o nā manu ke nānā aku ka mahalo. ʻO nā kānaka o nā kāne a me nā wahine e hōʻike i ko lākou nani, ikaika a me ka mana. Hōʻike kēia iā ia iho i nā lele kūpanaha. Ke piʻi nei i luna nā manu. A laila luʻu nui lākou i lalo a hohola i ko lākou mau ʻeheu nui i mua o ka ʻili o ka honua. Hōʻike pū lākou i kā lākou hiki i ka hopu holoholona. Hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā māiʻuʻu, hana alualu a hopu i ka pio.
Ma hope o ke koho ʻana o nā manu i ka hoa, hoʻomaka lākou e kūkulu i nā pūnana a hoʻomoe i nā hua manu. Mālama nui lākou i ke koho ʻana i kahi e kūkulu ai i ka pūnana. ʻO ka maʻamau he wahi kaʻawale kēia i ka kalaunu o nā kumulāʻau i kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi pūnana i 1.5-2 mau mika, a ʻo ka laulā he 2.5-3 mau mika. Kūkulu ʻia ia i nā lālā a me nā lālā, ua uhi ʻia ka lalo me nā lau palupalu a me nā limu. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pūnana mai hoʻokahi a i ʻekolu mau hua. He keʻokeʻo hina keʻokeʻo lākou me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. Koi ʻia i nā hua manu no hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mahina. I kekahi manawa pani ke kāne i ka wahine, akā kākaʻikahi kēia.
Hoʻomoʻa nā moa i nā hua pākahi. ʻOi aku ka nui a me ka ʻoi o nā moa o ka wā kahiko, a e hoʻokuke aku i nā ʻōpio a nāwaliwali hoʻi mai nā meaʻai a nā kāne e ʻānai ai. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hoʻāʻo nā mākua e hoʻihoʻi i ka pono. A ʻo kahi hopena, make ka pipi nāwaliwali i ka pōloli. Noho ʻo Chicks ma kahi o ʻekolu mau mahina i ka pūnana. A laila aʻo aku ka makuahine iā lākou e lele. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me nā moa kekahi o nā kumu no ka leo o nā manu. ʻO nā keikikāne i mākaukau i nā mākau lele e noho i ka pūnana a hiki i ka puna aʻe. ʻO ke ola ke ola ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki. I ka pio ʻana, hiki i kēia kiʻi ke pāpālua.
ʻEenemi kūlohelohe o nā aeto gula
Kiʻi: puke Red Berkut
ʻO ka ʻaeto gula ka mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia ka mea i ko lākou kūlohelohe ʻaʻohe ʻenemi. ʻAʻole ʻae kona nui, ikaika a me kona mana i nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe o nā manu kolo e hoʻokūkū me nā manu.
Manaʻo ʻia ke kanaka ka ʻenemi nui o nā aeto gula. Pepehi ʻo ia a kinai paha i nā manu, a hiki nō ke hoʻomohala hou aʻe i nā panalāʻau hou a me nā ululāʻau, nā wahi pohō. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻopau ʻia ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā predators, ua emi ka nui o nā meaʻai.
Inā loaʻa i kahi kanaka nā wahi noho o nā manu, haʻalele lākou i ko lākou pūnana, ke hele nei i nā keiki i kahi make. Manaʻo ʻia kēia ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o nā helu manu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Berkut Lūkia
I kēia lā ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻaeto gula he manu laha ʻole, akā ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli o ka make loa ʻana. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ka poʻe Zoologists i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou helu. Ua lilo ke kanaka i kumu no ko lākou luku ʻia. I ke kenekulia 19, ua kī pū ʻia lākou ma muli o ka hōʻeha i nā holoholona a me nā holoholona mahiʻai ʻē aʻe. No laila, hoʻopau loa ʻia nā manu ma Kelemānia.
I ke kenekulia 20, ua luku ʻia ka nui o nā manu e nā pesticides, a ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ua alakaʻi ʻia i ka make ʻana o nā mākua a me ka hoʻololi mua a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o nā embryo i kū ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hopena o ka hana o nā mea ʻino, ke emi wikiwiki nei ka lako o nā manu i nā ʻāina ākea.
Ka palekana o nā aeto gula
Kiʻi: Berkut mai ka Red Book
I mea e mālama a hoʻonui ai i ka nui o nā manu, ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano i ka Red Book. Ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana o kahi laha me ka palena iki o ka make. Ma nā panalāʻau o nā ʻāina he nui, e like me Russia, pāpā ʻia ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā manu ma ka pae kānāwai. ʻO ka hōʻeha i kēia kānāwai e pili ana i ke kuleana hoʻomalu a me ka lawehala. Lawe ʻia nā wahi noho a me nā wahi noho o nā manu ma lalo o ka pale o nā mālama a me nā pāka aupuni. Ma ka panalāʻau o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō, noho nā manu ma mua o ʻelua mau kakini kaona ʻāina.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā manu i ka noho pio ʻana, akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi pinepine lākou. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, aia kekahi kānāwai e pāpā ana i ka hopu a me ke kālepa ʻana o nā manu laha ʻole, a me kā lākou mau hua. Kupaianaha nā aeto gula, ikaika loa a me nā holoholona nahenahe. ʻO ka ikaika, ka nui, ka nohona a me nā ʻano maʻamau ke hoihoi nui a hauʻoli. Pono nō e hana kekahi i kēlā me kēia hana e mālama a hoʻonui i ka helu o kēia ʻano manu.
Lā paʻi: 02/14/2019
Lā hou: 09/18/2019 ma 20:26
