Dia dia musk - He artiodactyl liʻiliʻi kēia, ʻāpana o kahi ʻohana kaʻawale o ka inoa like. Ua loaʻa i kēia holoholona kona inoa ʻepekema ma muli o kahi ʻaʻala kūikawā - muxus, hūnā ʻia e nā glands ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻano o ka māmela e K. Linnaeus. Ma waho, he ʻano like ia me ka dia kī liʻiliʻi ʻole, akā i ke ʻano kokoke i ke dia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: nā dia Musk
No ka manawa mua, ua aʻo ka poʻe ʻEulopa e pili ana i kēia ungulate mai ka wehewehe ʻana o Marco Polo, ua kapa ʻo ia iā ia he gazelle. A laila, ʻekolu mau kenekulia ma hope mai, ua haʻi aku ka ʻelele Lūkini i Kina Siafaniy iā ia i loko o kāna leka ma ke ʻano he dia liʻiliʻi ʻole, a ua kapa aku ka poʻe Kina iā ia he dia musk. Ua hāʻawi aku ʻo Thomas Bell i kēia ruminant i nā kao. Ua kākau pū ʻo Afanasy Nikitin i kāna puke e pili ana i nā dia musk India, akā ma ke ʻano he ʻano holoholona.
ʻO ka dia Musk, i ka wā ma mua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i pili ka ʻimi holoholona a me ka hana hoʻokele waiwai kanaka i ka wahi hāʻawi, loaʻa mai nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Yakutia, circumpolar Chukotka i nā wahi hema o Asia Hema. I Iapana, ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia ʻano, akā ua loaʻa nā koena ma laila ma kahi o ka Lower Pliocene. Ma Altai, ua loaʻa ka artiodactyl i ka hopena o Pliocene, ma ka hema o Primorye - i ka hopena o Pleistocene.
Wikiō: Musk dia
Aia kekahi mau wehewehe a hiki i ka 1980 i hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana he 10, akā he mau mea nui ʻole ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia ai i hoʻokahi ʻano. Aia nā ʻokoʻa i ka nui, nā aka waihoʻoluʻu. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai nā dia ʻaʻole wale i kahi ʻano kino ʻokoʻa, akā i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pepeiaohao.
ʻO Musk, ka mea i hāʻawi i ka dia musk i kona inoa Lākina ʻo Moschus moschiferus, aia i loko o ke gland. I hoʻokahi kāne, ʻo ka helu o ka mokulele, e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia, he 10-20 g. Paʻakikī ka ʻike o ka haku mele: ʻo ka wax, nā mea ʻala, nā ether.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka pilau o ke ʻano e ka ketone macrocyclic o muscone. Ua hoʻi nā moʻolelo o musk i ke kenekulia ʻehā, ua hoʻohana ʻia e Serapino a me Ibn Sina, a ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ia me he mea lapaʻau i ka lāʻau Tibet. I ʻIrana, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā amulets a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mosque. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Musk he mea hoʻonui i ka mana ikaika.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Dia musk holoholona
ʻO ka silhouette o nā dia musk he māmā, nani, akā me ka nui o hope o ke kino. Hoʻoikaika kēia manaʻo i nā ʻūhā hope muscular, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā wāwae mua. Kau ʻia kahi pahu hāiki ma nā forelimbs mua. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kua o ka mea lama a kiʻekiʻe ma ka hope. Hoʻolako ʻia nā manamana wāwae waena me nā kuʻikuʻi loloa loloa, hoʻonoho haʻahaʻa ʻia nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, kokoke like ka nui me nā mea waena, a kau ka holoholona kū i luna o lākou. ʻIke ʻia nā paʻi hoof ma nā ala. ʻO ka nui o ke kanaka makua he 16 kg, ʻo ka lōʻihi mai 85 cm a 100 cm. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka sakum a hiki i 80 cm, ma kahi maloʻo - 55-68 cm.
Hāʻawi ʻia ke ʻano ma luna o ke ʻano nui o ka mammal e kahi ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi i hoʻonoho ʻia, a kau ʻia ka lei me ka poʻo liʻiliʻi, lokomaikaʻi. Poepoe nā pepeiao hoʻoneʻe lōʻihi i nā wēlau, nui nā maka. Hakahaka ka wahi a puni nā puka ihu ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa i nā kāne he mau canine ʻoiʻoi aku i like me ka 10 cm ka lōʻihi. Ua pōkole lākou i nā wahine, a no laila aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka huelo liʻiliʻi, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho lauwili, i nā kāne ʻōpio a me nā wahine lahilahi, a i ka poʻe mākua pālahalaha a mānoanoa, akā me ka lauoho ʻole.
Lulu ka lauoho a lōʻihi, wavy iki. I ka wahi o ka sacum, hiki ka lauoho i kahi lōʻihi o ʻaneʻane 10 cm.ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka poʻe i mae (6.5 cm), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū, a ʻo ka mea pōkole loa ma ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo. Māmā nā lauoho a heterogeneous i ke kala: māmā i ke kumu, a laila hina me kahi aniani ʻeleʻele, a laila lilo kēia kala i ʻeleʻele, a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele ka piko. He māka ʻulaʻula kekahi o lākou. Hoʻokahe ka holoholona i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, e lilo mālie ana i ka hapa o ka lauoho kahiko, e loli ana i kahi hou.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻeleʻele ka holoholona, māmā ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka umauma. Ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kua, holo lākou i nā lālani, i kekahi manawa hoʻohui i nā ʻāpana, nā kiko ocher-melemele. ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻāpana brown brown ma ka ʻāʻī huluhulu ʻeleʻele, a huki ʻia i kekahi manawa i nā kiko.
Hinahina-ʻeleʻele nā pepeiao a me ke poʻo, hina ke oho i loko o nā pepeiao, a ʻeleʻele nā wēlau. ʻO kahi ākea keʻokeʻo ākea me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele elongated ma waenakonu e holo i lalo o ka ʻāʻī. Hinahina ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā wāwae.
Ma hea e noho ai nā dia musk?
Kiʻi: Siberian musk dia
ʻIke ʻia ka holoholona puʻupuʻu ākea mai ka palena ʻākau o ʻA hikina hikina, i ka hema o Kina, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā wahi i noho nui ʻia, ma ka Himalayas, Burma, ma Mongolia mai ka ʻākau a hiki i ka hema hikina, a hiki i Ulan Bator.
I Lūkia ua loaʻa:
- ma ka hema o Siberia;
- i Altai;
- i ka Hikina hikina (koe wale no ka ʻākau hikina);
- ma Sakhalin;
- i Kamchatka.
Lawe ʻia kēia mau panalāʻau āpau ʻole, aia kekahi mau wahi kahi i noho ʻole ai kēia holoholona. Pili i ka ʻāina, nā mea kanu, kahi kokoke i ka hale a me ka lehulehu. Makemake kēia mammal e noho i nā ululāʻau coniferous mauna, kahi e ulu ai ka spruce, ka fir, ka kedera, ka pine a me ka larch. ʻO ka manawa pinepine kēia mau wahi kahi e puka ai nā puka o ke kuahiwi, kahi e hiki ai i nā ruminants ke pakele mai nā mea hōkai ma nā lihi o nā pali pōhaku. ʻOiai i nā ululāʻau ākea, makemake lākou i nā wahi pōhaku. I ke ao, kū lākou ma nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi e hoʻomaha ai. Noho lākou ma nā pali (30-45 °) pali o nā mauna Barguzin.
ʻO ka loa o ka hema o ka wahi, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe e piʻi ai kēia ungulate i nā kuahiwi. Ma Tibet a me ka Himalayas, he kāʻei ia o 3-3.5 tausani mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai. m., ma Mongolia a me Kazakhstan - 1.3 tausani m., Sakhalin, Sikhote-Alin - 600-700 m. I Yakutia, noho ka holoholona i nā ulu lāʻau ma nā awāwa o nā kahawai. Ma waho aʻe o ka taiga, hiki iā ia ke holoholo i loko o nā ulu lāʻau ulu, nā kula subalpine.
He aha ka ʻai a ka dia musk?
Kiʻi: puke Red Musk deer
ʻO nā laikini Arboreal ka hapa nui o nā papa ungulate. ʻO kēia mau mea kanu o ka ʻohana Parmelia he epiphytes. Hoʻopili lākou i nā meaola mea kanu ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole lākou he parasite, a loaʻa iā lākou ka meaʻai ma o ka photosynthesis. Ulu kekahi o nā laikini ma ka wahie make. I nā pākēneka ʻōlelo, ma kahi o 70% o ka nui o ka nui o ka meaʻai o ka artiodactyl e pili ana i nā epiphytes. I ke kauwela, kipa ka holoholona i nā wahi hoʻoinu, a i ka hoʻoilo he nui ka hau, i hāʻule i ka wā e ʻai ana i nā laikini.
I ke kauwela, hoʻemi ka nui o nā lichens i ka papaʻai ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui o ka lāʻau ʻoka, birch, maple, cherry manu, lehu mauna, rhododendrons, rose hips, spirea, a me lingonberry. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻo ka papaʻai o nā dia musk kahi 150 mau mea kanu like ʻole. ʻAi nā dia Musk i nā mea kanu. Hoʻololi iki kā lākou ʻano mai ke alo o nā mea kanu i nā wahi holoholona, eia kēia:
- lapalapa ahi;
- aconite;
- wahie;
- berry pōhaku;
- travolga;
- geranium;
- buckwheat;
- umbrella;
- palaʻai;
- nā pāpale lio;
- ʻūmiʻi.
Aia ka papa kuhikuhi i nā nila o ka yew a me ka fir, a me ka ulu ʻōpio o kēia mau mea kanu. ʻAi kēia mau ungulate i nā hua lepe, nā pāpale ʻelua a me nā lāʻau. ʻAlau lākou a nau iki i nā ʻano lāʻau, akā ʻai pinepine ʻia i ke ʻano o ka mycorrhiza me nā ʻāpana popopo o ka wahie. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ka papaʻai ka ʻōpala: nā lau maloʻo (mai kekahi ʻano lāʻau, no ka laʻana, mai kahi ʻoka, hāʻule mālie lākou i nā hoʻoilo a pau), nā hua, nā palaoa. Nui ka hāʻule i ka hapa mua o ka hoʻoilo, ke lele ka makani ikaika i nā lālā liʻiliʻi, a haki kekahi o lākou mai ka hau. Hiki i nā dia musk ke hānai no kahi manawa lōʻihi kokoke i nā lāʻau i hāʻule, e ʻai ana i nā laikini a me nā nila.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: dia dia musk
ʻO ka artiodactyl, ma muli o kona ulu liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i nā wahi me nā hoʻoilo hau, i kēlā mau kau e neʻe i kahi o ka uhi ma lalo o 50 knm. Akā inā aia kahi waihona meaʻai, a laila ʻo ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, ke kiʻekiʻe ka hau, hiki i ke dia musk ke ola me ka mālie. ʻAe ka paona māmā iā ia e hāʻule ʻole i loko, a i ka hapa lua o ka hoʻoilo, me nā hau hau ʻole, hehi ʻo ia i kahi pūnaewele holoʻokoʻa o nā ala hele.
Ma kahi papa hohonu, neʻe ʻo ia i nā lele o 6-7 mau mika. I kēia manawa, i ka hau, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā moena, a ka holoholona e hoʻohana pinepine ai. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaha pinepine ia i nā ʻeli i hana ʻia e nā dia ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā puaʻa hihiu, e ʻai ana ma laila, e ʻohiʻohi ana i nā limu, nā laikini, nā ʻōpala.
I ke kauwela, hoʻopili ka mammal i nā kahawai, nā kahawai ulu lāʻau, kahi e hoʻomaha ai. Ma kahi o nā waihona wai, iho lākou i lalo i ka puka a i ʻole ka wāwae o nā pali. Nui nā loli i kahi holoholona i hoʻomake ʻia i ka hana i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ke awakea, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hana i ka pō a me ka pō. I ka hoʻoilo a i ke anuanu, hānai pinepine lākou i ke ao.
Hāʻawi ke ʻano o ka holoholona i ka neʻe ʻana i ke ʻano i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana: hele ia me ke poʻo i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia, e ʻohiʻohi ʻana i nā ʻōpala o ka laikini a me nā ʻōpala. ʻAe kēia kūlana iā ia e ʻike i nā mea ma luna o ke poʻo a ma lalo hoʻi, mahalo i ke kūlana kūikawā o nā maka.
Hele ka mammal i nā puʻu hau, e ʻike nei i ke alo o ka meaʻai e ka honi, ʻeli i ka hau me nā wāwae o mua a i ʻole ka waha. He pepeiao maikaʻi ko ka ruminant, inā ua hina kahi lāʻau i kahi, a laila e ʻike koke ʻia ka dia musk. Kū pinepine ʻo ia ma kona mau wāwae hope, me nā wāwae mua e kau ana ma luna o nā kumu, nā lālā a i ʻole me ke kākoʻo ʻole. Hāʻawi kēia ʻeke iā ʻoe e kiʻi i ka meaʻai mai nā papa kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā pahu i kuhi ʻia a i ʻole nā lālā mānoanoa, hiki i nā artiodactyls ke piʻi aʻe mai ʻelua a ʻelima mau mika ma luna o ka honua.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻO Sakhalin musk dia
ʻO ka mammal kahi mea mehameha i ke kūlohelohe. I nā pālua hoʻohui ia wale i ka wā o ka rut. ʻO ka hānai mau ma ka ʻāina like, a i ka 300 hectare. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā artiodactyls he ʻāpana o kahi hui ʻohana liʻiliʻi o 5-15 mau kānaka. Kapa ʻia kēlā mau pūʻulu he demes, kahi e launa ai nā kānaka i loko e ka māka ʻana i nā wahi me nā kāne makua.
Loaʻa iā lākou nā huna huna me kahi ʻala kikoʻī ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka huelo. Aia nā glands ponoʻī ma ka ʻōpū, kōkua kēia honi e hōʻailona i ka ʻāina. Kiaʻi nā kāne i kā lākou pūnaewele, e hoʻokuke nei i nā malihini. Kamaʻilio pū lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo. ʻO kahi laʻana, me kahi kani huki ʻia, e kani ana ke kani, hōʻailona lākou i kahi makaʻu. Hiki ke kamaʻilio ʻia nā leo kanikau ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka makaʻu.
Hoʻomaka ka Rut i nā māmela ma ka hopena o Nowemapa a hala hoʻokahi mahina. I kēia manawa, hana paʻa loa lākou. I kēia wā, hoʻonui ka huna o ka musky secretion, hōʻailona nā kāne i nā mea kanu me ia, he hōʻailona maʻamau kēia no nā wahine. Pane ko lākou kino - hoʻomaka ka wela. Pēlā e hoʻohui ai ke ʻano i nā wā hānau i ka manawa.
Ma kahi e loaʻa ai nā laha o nā holoholona i kekahi manawa, ʻike ʻia nā ala i ka wā o ka rut. Lele pū kekahi i kekahi ma hope o kekahi i nā lele nui. I ke kūlohelohe, aia kekahi mahele like o ka moekolohe like, hana pālua lākou i loko o ka hui like, akā inā kū kekahi mea hakakā, a laila e hoʻoili ʻia nā kāne ma waena o nā kāne. Pākuʻi lākou i kekahi i kekahi me nā mākia mua a hoʻohana i ko lākou mau niho i mea kaua. I loko o ia mau wahi, koe nā koina o ke koko a me nā kolopa hulu hipa.
Lawe ka poʻe ʻōpio i ka rut mai ka makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. I loko o ʻelua mau lā, hiki i ke kāne ke uhi i ka dia musk a i ʻeono mau manawa. Inā ʻaʻole lawa nā kāne, a laila hiki i kekahi ke loaʻa he mau hoa. ʻO ka lawe ʻana he 180-195 mau lā. Hōʻike ʻia nā pēpē he 400 g i ka mahina ʻo Iune, ma ke ʻano he rula, hoʻokahi i ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua. Hana ʻia ke kalena ma waena o ka hapalua hola, i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
A laila, ma ke ala like, hānai ka wahine i ka cub. I nā keiki hānau hou, palupalu ka lauoho a pōkole hoʻi, pouli me nā kiko melemele i kekahi manawa e hana i nā kaha. Aia kekahi wahi māmā ma lalo o nā pepeiao ʻulaʻula, a ʻelua mau kiko ʻulaʻula ma ka ʻāʻī. Mālamalama ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻōpū a me ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā ʻūhā, me ke kani hina a me ka melemele.
Hānai mua ka wahine i nā keiki bipi i ʻelua mau manawa i ka lā, a laila hoʻokahi manawa, mau ka manawa hānai a ʻelima mau mahina. I nā mahina ʻelua mua, loaʻa ka bipi keiki ma kahi o 5 kg. No nā pule mua ʻekolu, peʻe nā pēpē, ma hope iki e hāhai lākou i ko lākou makuahine i nā wahi palekana i ka nalo. Mai ka ʻOkakopa, hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio e hele wāwae i kā lākou iho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka dia musk
Kiʻi: nā dia Musk ma Lūkia
ʻO nā Wolves he mea weliweli ia i nā ungulate liʻiliʻi. I kēia manawa ua hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā mea ʻino hina, ma muli o kā lākou hoʻopau loa ʻana, makemake lākou i ka dia a i nāwaliwali paha ka elk ma ke ʻano he mea ʻimi holoholona.
Ma waena o nā ʻenemi, no ka wolverine a me ka lynx ka primacy. Nānā ka wolverine, a alualu i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, e hoʻokau nei iā ia mai nā pali o ka hau liʻiliʻi i loko o nā lua me ka hau kūʻokoʻa hohonu. Ua kipaku aku i ka mea i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, ua haki ka ʻīlio hae iā ia. Ma kahi e hoʻonui ai ka nui o nā ruminants, piʻi pū ka helu o nā wolverine, kahi e hōʻike ai i ko lākou pilina trophic kūlohelohe
He ʻenemi weliweli ka lynx o ka holoholona peʻa-niho, mālama ʻia ia ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau i nā wahi neʻe mau, a laila hoʻouka mai luna. Alualu ʻia nā ʻōpio e nā ʻalopeke, nā bea, a ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka sable. ʻO ka harza a me nā tigika he mau ʻenemi nō hoʻi o nā ruminants. Kūleʻa nui ʻo Kharza i ka hoʻopuni ʻana i kēia mammal, nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio.
ʻO ka noho mau ʻana o nā dia a me nā dia musk ʻaʻole i kūlike. I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pio, hoʻuluulu ʻia nā mea ʻino i nā hui o ʻekolu a neʻe i ke kuahiwi. Ma hope o ka makaʻu i ka mea pio, alualu lākou iā ia ma kahi lōʻihi, e hoʻokele ana iā ia i loko o ke awāwa mai nā wahi mauna. I ka pau ʻana o ka ungulate, ʻai koke nā kharze iā ia.
Ke hoʻouka nei nā manu i ka ʻōpio a me ka ʻōpio.
- nā aeto gula;
- ʻalā;
- pueo;
- pueo;
- ʻaeto.
Aia kekahi mau mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai no ka dia musk, hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokomo pū i nā marals, i ʻai ʻia e nā lichens i ka hoʻoilo. Akā he kūlana kēia mea hoʻokūkū, ʻoiai lākou e ʻai i nā pūʻā laikini nui. A nānā nā ungulate liʻiliʻi a nahu ma nā lālā, i wāwahi ʻia e nā maral. Hana ʻia nā pōʻino hou e nā pikas, ka mea i ke kauwela e ʻai i nā mauʻu like me nā ruminants, a ʻaʻole nui ka nui o lākou i ka taiga coniferous pouli.
I nā kahu hānai, he 10 mau makahiki ke ola o kahi holoholona, a ma ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, kahi, me nā mea ʻaihue, luku ʻia nō hoʻi e nā kānaka, ʻaʻole ola iki nā dia musk ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki. Hāʻawi ʻo Vile a me nā tick iā ia i kahi pilikia nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: nā dia Musk
ʻO ka hoʻohana ākea ʻana o ka musk i ka lāʻau no ka manawa lōʻihi i alakaʻi ʻia ai i ka luku nui ʻia ʻana o nā dia musk i ko lākou mau wahi noho mau. ʻO ka holoholona, no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke gland, ua hoʻopau lōʻihi ʻia ma Kina. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hopu holoholona huki ʻia ma Lūkia i ke kenekulia 13. Mai ke kenekulia 18, ua kūʻai aku ʻia ka mokulele maloo iā Kina.
I ka manawa mua, uku ʻia nā mea ʻimi holoholona 8 rubles i ka paona. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai i 500 rubles, a ʻo ka hana i kēlā me kēia makahiki e ka waena o ke kenekulia a hiki i 80 tausani mau poʻo. I ka makahiki 1881, hāʻawi ʻia hoʻokahi hao i 15 rubles. gula, akā he 50 mau ʻāpana i minia i kēlā makahiki. Ma lalo o ke aupuni Soviet, ua luku ʻia kēia holoholona ma ke ala, ʻoiai e ʻimi holoholona ana i holoholona. Ma muli o ia luku barbaric, ua hoʻemi ʻia kona heluna kanaka i nā 80 o ke kenekulia i hala a hiki i 170,000 mau kope. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 2000, ma Rūsia, ua emi iho ia i 40,000 mau poʻo.
ʻO ka mahele like ʻole o nā māmela ma o ka laulā, i loaʻa i nā hui i kekahi mau wahi, no ka mālama kūlohelohe. Ma nā kihi o kēlā me kēia mau hectares tausani, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou a 80 poʻo, no ka laʻana, ma ka Altai Nature Reserve. Ma kahi o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā dia musk e hana mau ai me ka hana, ʻo kāna helu ma nā wahi noho maʻamau ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau kānaka ma kēlā me kēia wahi.
I Kina, ʻo ka mea huna i hana ʻia e nā dia musk kahi ʻāpana o ʻelua haneli mau lāʻau. A ma ʻEulopa ua hoʻohui ʻia i nā mea ʻala. I kēia mau lā, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi mea pani synthetic i ka mea ʻala, akā nui nā mea ʻala kaulana i loko o kona ʻano kūlohelohe, no ka laʻana, Chanel No. 5, Madame Rocher.
Ma nā wahi hema o ka mahele hāʻawi, ma kahi o 70% o ka heluna lehulehu āpau e paʻa ai. ʻO ka hana nui a nā kānaka e luku ai i nā ululāʻau ua hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona ma Nepal, ma India a ¼, kahi ma kahi o 30 tausani. Ma Kina, aia kēia ungulate ma lalo o ka palekana, akā ʻoiai ma laila e emi ana ka heluna kanaka a hiki i kahi o 100 tausani.
Ma Altai, i ka hopena o ke 80 o ke kenekulia i hala, aia ma kahi o 30 tausani mau laʻana, ma hope o 20 mau makahiki i emi iho ka helu ma mua o 6 manawa, ua lilo kēia i kumu no ke komo ʻana o ka holoholona i loko o ka papa inoa o Altai Red Data Books, ma ke ʻano he ʻano e hoʻemi ana i ka helu a me ka pae. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka heluna Sakhalin ma ke ʻano he palekana, aia nā helu Verkhoyansk a me Far Hikina i nā helu koʻikoʻi.ʻO nā lālā Siberian maʻamau ʻoi aku ka nalowale i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mammal i loko o ka International Red Book ma ke ʻano he ʻano palupalu.
Pale pale musk
Kiʻi: puke Red Musk deer
Ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka holoholona no ka momona o ka musk gland, ka mea kālepa i loko o ia mea e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Ua helu ʻia nā ʻoihana Himalayan ma lalo o ka helu 1 e kēia palapala, a pāpā ʻia ke kālepa ʻana i ka musk. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻoihana Siberian a me Kina i ka papa inoa No. 2, e like me ka musk e ʻae ʻia e kūʻai aku ma lalo o ka kaohi paʻa loa.
I nā makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia i hala, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana no kēia ungulate ma ka panalāʻau o Lūkia, a laila ʻae ʻia ma lalo o nā laikini wale nō. ʻO ke koi haʻahaʻa no ka musk ma waena o nā kamaʻāina kūloko a me nā Lūkini i ʻae ʻia i kēlā manawa e hoʻonui iki i ka helu o ka holoholona. I ka manawa like, hoʻomohala ʻāina nui, hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā ululāʻau, ahi ahi pinepine, hoʻoneʻe i nā ululāʻau i nā wahi maʻamau o ka noho.
ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o Barguzin a me Sikhote-Alin a me nā mālama ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ka ulu lehulehu. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kēia artiodactyl i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ua hōʻoia i kona pono i ke kaʻina hana o ka lehulehu. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēlā mālama ʻana i nā holoholona e ʻae iā ʻoe e loaʻa ka huna me ka luku ʻole ʻana i ka holoholona. I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, 2/3 o ka mea i hopu ʻia he ʻōpio a me nā wahine, a lawe wale ʻia ke kahawai mai nā kāne makua, ʻo ia hoʻi, make makehewa ka hapa nui o nā dia musk.
No ka manawa mua, hoʻomaka ka mammal i ka hopu pio ʻana ma Altai i ka 18 kenekulia, mai laila i hoʻolako ʻia ai i nā zoo ʻEulopa. Ma kahi like, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hānau ʻana ma nā mahiʻai i ke kenekulia i hala. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka mahiʻai ungulate ma Kina mai ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia i hala, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka nui o lākou i 2 tausani.
Hiki i nā holoholona hānai pio ke lilo i kumu nui o ka musk secretion. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o ka hao hao holoholona i ka millennium hou, ka puka ʻana o nā mea kūʻai lima ʻelua a me ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana mai nā wahi mamao aku ua hoʻomaka hou kahi luku ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona.
Dia dia musk kahi holoholona hoihoi a ʻano ʻē hoʻi, e mālama iā ia, pono e hoʻoikaika i nā ana i ka hakakā ʻana me nā mea kūʻai manu a me nā mea kūʻai lima ʻelua, e hoʻonui i ka wahi o nā mālama holoholona, mai kahi e hiki ai i nā ruminants ke hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻāina pili. ʻO nā hana pale e pale ai i ke ahi ma ka taiga, ka hoʻēmi ʻana o ka hāʻule ʻana, e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā wahi kūlohelohe o kēia mau holoholona nani a kamahaʻi hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 08.02.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 16:14
