Dia dia hanohano ʻO ia kahi māmela kolo ʻia e noho ʻia i nā ululāʻau o Central Russia a me nā kūlanakauhale o ka ʻĀkau. Noho pū nā dia ʻulaʻula ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, Eurasia, a me nā heluna o kēia ʻano i loaʻa ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻAla ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka ʻohana dia Cervldae kahi helu nui o nā laha. ʻĀlio ʻulaʻula, dia sika, pua dia, dia dia ʻulaʻula, dia nui o ka lāilana, Bukhara dia.
ʻO kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana mua o kēia laha ke dia nunui (Megaceros), a ʻo kēia ʻano i kapa ʻia he dia nui. Ua noho kēia ʻano mai ka Pliocene a i ka Polyanite. ʻO kēia paha ma kahi o miliona mau makahiki i hala. Noho nā kūpuna o nā dia i kēia manawa ma waena o ʻAsia. Mai kahi a hoʻolaha i ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
I ka wā e ulu ana, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau pūʻulu - nā dia o ke ʻano komohana. I kēia ʻano, ua ulu nā pepeiaohao i ke ʻano o ka lei aliʻi. ʻO ka dia ʻulaʻula ʻo ia ka lunamaka kēia o kēia ʻano. A ʻo ka ʻano hikina o ke kanaka, ʻaʻole lālā nā pepeiaohao. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia genus i ke ʻano a mākou e ʻike ai i ʻike ʻia ma ka Paleolithic. Mai ia manawa, ʻaʻole i loli ka helehelena maoli o ka holoholona.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Buke ʻulaʻula dia
ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia nā dia ʻulaʻula he "mōʻī o ka ululāʻau". He holoholona nui a ikaika paha kēia. ʻO ka nui o kahi kāne makua mai 170 a 210 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona i nā mea mae wale 127-148 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā holoholona kāne makua he 174 -209 kg. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine o kēia laha ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā dia wahine wahine maʻamau mai 130 a 162 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 160 a 200 cm. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wahine makua 110-130 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā holoholona ʻōpio ʻelua makahiki e pili ana i 120 kg. ʻO nā mākua o kēia laha awelika 170 kg.
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ka dia ʻulaʻula i ka wā puna a me ka lau. Kū ʻia ka molt Spring mai ka hopena o ʻApelila a i ka mua o Iune. ʻO ka hoʻohou o ka hulu hipa i ke kau hāʻule i Sepatemaba-ʻOkakopa, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke aniau kahi e ola ai ka holoholona.
Video: Dia ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma kahi o 17-18 mau makahiki. I ka noho pio ʻana, ola iki nā holoholona, ma kahi o 24 mau makahiki. He 34 mau niho i ka waha o ke dia makua. ʻO kēia mau mea, aia nā niho 20 ma ka iwi ā lalo, 14 ma luna. ʻO ka piha o nā niho a me ke ʻano o ka iwi ā i 24 mau mahina o ke ola.
He kapa manoanoa ko ka dia, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala. Ma ka ʻili o ka dia he mau hollow hollow e pale ai i ke kino o ka holoholona mai ke anuanu a pale iā ia mai ka hau a hiki i ke anuanu loa. Nui nā capillary koko ma nā wāwae o ka dia, no laila, ʻoiai ke uhi liʻiliʻi ʻia lākou me ka huluhulu, ʻaʻole lākou e paʻa. Hiki i ka Reindeer ke kū i nā mahana a hōʻemi i nā kekelē 60 kekelē.
Ma hea e noho ai nā dia ʻulaʻula?
Kiʻi: ʻAla ʻulaʻula Caucasian
Nui ka nohona o nā dia ʻulaʻula. Noho ola ʻo Deer ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ma Rūsia, eia nā ululāʻau o ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka ʻāina, Kaluga a me nā moku ʻo Bryansk. ʻĀkau, ʻo Yakutia a me ka Sokh Republic holoʻokoʻa. ʻO Kolyma lāua ʻo Kamchatka. ʻO Ukraine a me Belarus, nā Baletika.
ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē aku ʻo Algeria, Morocco, Chile, ʻApelika ʻĀkau, Argentina. Aloha pū kekahi me ka dia i nā lau nahele ulu o Nu Zilani. Noho ka nui o nā dia o kēia ʻano ma Alaska a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻAe maʻalahi kēia ʻano i ka acclimatization. A no laila noho ia i nā panalāʻau ākea a puni ka honua.
Noho ka dia ʻulaʻula i nā ululāʻau kāwili ʻia me nā lāʻau deciduous nui. ʻO nā dia nā mea ulu lāʻau, hānai lākou i nā mea kanu mea kanu, no laila noho nui lākou i kahi e loaʻa ai kēia meaʻai. I ka makahiki 1781, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻōpua o kēia ʻano holoholona i Lūkia.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai nā dia ʻulaʻula?
Kiʻi: ʻAla ʻulaʻula Crimean
ʻO nā dia nā mea ulu lāʻau a hānai i nā meaʻai mea kanu. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā dia e ulu nui ana i nā lau nahele, nā laikini, a me nā lau lāʻau. ʻAi ʻia nā hāhā a me nā hua, ʻai ʻia nā laikini. Nā cereal a me nā legume ʻokoʻa.
I ka hoʻoilo, me ka uhi haʻahaʻa o ka hau, hiki i nā dia ke ʻeli i nā lau i hāʻule mai lalo o ka hau, e hānai i ka ʻili lāʻau ʻōpio a me nā kumu lāʻau. ʻAi ʻia i nā chestnuts a me nā acorn, nā huaʻai. Nā ʻano aʻa like ʻole. He ʻaʻala maikaʻi ko ka dia, a hiki ke honi i ka meaʻai ma lalo o ka uhi hau mai ka hapalua mika a i ka mika ka mānoanoa.
ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana i ka ʻĀkau a ma ka Tundra nele pinepine i ka protein ma muli o ka monotonous ʻai. ʻAʻole hiki iā Yagel a me nā limu ke hāʻawi i nā mea āpau e pono ai i ke kino o kahi holoholona. No laila, hiki i nā dia ke ʻai i nā hua manu, a ʻo kā lākou mau antlers hoʻi i kiola ʻia.
He mea lapuwale ʻo Deer a he 8 mau hola ka hana hānai. Mai hānai nā dia i ka wā wela. ʻOi aku kēia mau holoholona i ka pō. Eia hou, ʻaʻole makemake nā dia i ka walaʻau, hoʻoweliweli lākou iā lākou. I ke ahiahi, hele ka dia i nā kula a me nā wahi hānai kahi e ʻai ai a kokoke i ka pō āpau, a kokoke i ke kakahiaka hoʻi ka holoholona i kona wahi noho, kahi e hoʻomaha ai a ʻeli nā meaʻai.
Hiki i nā dia ʻulaʻula ke neʻe i ke kau i ka nele o ka meaʻai i ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau. Holo ka dia ma nā pūʻā nui. Ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau, ʻākoakoa nā pūʻā koa liʻiliʻi i kahi pūʻā nui. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hōʻiliʻili i ka reindeer me ka palekana a me nā helu ola kiʻekiʻe. I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, ʻākoakoa pū nā dia i nā bipi e pale iā lākou iho a me kekahi. Aia i mua o ka pūʻā ke alakaʻi, nāna e kiaʻi i ka palekana. Hiki i ka Reindeer ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao loa ma mua o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa ʻulaʻula ma Rukia
ʻO ke ʻano, nā maʻa o ka holoholona a me ke ʻano o ka nohona e hilinaʻi nui ʻia ma kahi e noho ai ka holoholona. Kūleʻa a makaʻu nā holoholona hihiu. Pono lākou e pale iā lākou iho a me nā holoholona mai nā mea hōkai, e ola ai i kahi kūlohelohe kūpikipiki. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana o ka reindeer, e lohe ana i ka halulu o ke alakaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka poʻe. ʻAʻole hōʻeha ʻo Deer i ka poʻe, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e makaʻu e pale iā lākou iho.
I ka nahelehele, hiki i nā dia kāne ke noho mehameha, ʻoiai e ʻākoakoa nā wahine i nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā holoholona o nā wahine he 4-7 mau kānaka. I kekahi manawa ʻākoakoa nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi o hoʻokahi kāne a me kekahi mau wahine me nā keiki bipi. Hōʻike nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne i ke kau moʻo. I ka wā o ka male ʻana, hele a kolohe nā kāne. Poina e pili ana i ka meaʻai a me ka meaʻai a nānā i ka wahine. Hiki i ka dia i kēia manawa ke hama me nā pepeiaohao ʻaʻole wale he kāne ʻē aʻe, akā he wahine hoʻi ʻaʻole e pānaʻi.
Eia kekahi, nā dia kāne, i ka huhū paha, a i ʻole e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou iho mai nā antlers koʻikoʻi, kuʻi i nā lāʻau me ka ikaika me ko lākou mau pepeiaohao. I ka manawa like, hiki ke lohe ʻia i kahi kīkēkē a hū o nā kāne ma waena o ka nahele.
Hana ʻia kēia i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau pinepine nā kāne iā lākou iho i ka wā o ka moena a ʻaʻole nui nā mea e ola i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke ola o ka dia, e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, lilo i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Inā loaʻa ka pono kūikawā, hiki i nā dia ke hele mai i nā home o ka poʻe e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai.
Hana maikaʻi nā dia ʻulaʻula me nā kānaka. Hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka māla ʻo Reindeer ma ka ʻĀkau o ko mākou ʻāina a ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke hōʻololī wale i kēia holoholona, akā e hoʻolilo i ka dia i mea kōkua kōkua. ʻO nā mea lawe kaʻa deer, hana lokahi i nā kime. Ma ka mahiʻai, mālama ʻia nā dia ʻulaʻula ma nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi. Noho ka dia ma ka mahiʻai ma kahi papa manu hānai manuahi, pono lākou i nā panalāʻau nui.
Ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ʻo Reindeer i kahi ʻōnaehana neʻekau puʻuwai, i ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o nā dia home, ʻoiai ua kuʻupau kēia ʻano i ka manawa. Hānai ʻia ʻo Reindeer i ʻelua no ka pono o ka home a no ka ʻiʻo. ʻO Venison ka meaʻai nui no nā poʻe noho o ka ʻĀkau a me ka Hikina hikina.
ʻO ka moʻomeheu kaiaulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻAla ʻulaʻula
He holoholona laka ka dia ʻulaʻula. Hiki maʻalahi ke launa pū me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kēia laha, maikaʻi ʻia e nā kānaka.
Nā ʻano nui o ka nohona nohona o ka reindeer:
- Hiki i nā dia kāne ke noho mehameha;
- nā kāne kāne i ka wā o ka rut form harems o nā wahine; Hiki i ka helu o nā wahine ma kahi o ke kāne ke hiki i 20 mau kānaka;
- noho kaʻawale nā wahine i ka nohona maʻamau mai nā kāne aku, i nā hipa liʻiliʻi;
- i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana, hoʻolohe ka hānai holoʻokoʻa i ke alakaʻi. Hiki i ka neʻe ʻana ke hana ma kahi lōʻihi loa;
- hele wawae me ka ʻauʻau maikaʻi.
ʻO ka hana hou ʻana o nā dia ʻulaʻula
Hana ʻia kēia ma ke kau anuanu. Hoʻomaka ka rut i Kepakemapa-ʻOkakopa. I ka wā o ka male ʻana, nalowale nā kāne i ko lākou makaʻala kūlohelohe. Poina lākou e pili ana i ka palekana, ka meaʻai, lilo i mea hakakā. Hiki i ka wahine ke hana hou i ka makahiki o 2-3 mau makahiki. Kāne i ka makahiki o 5-7 mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ke kaʻina moena i ka dia. Hana ʻia ka male ʻana i kekona kekona. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka dia ʻulaʻula wahine he 8 mau mahina ka lōʻihi. Hana ka hāpai i ka hoʻoilo, ke paʻakikī e loaʻa ka meaʻai, kahi paʻakikī loa. A pili ikaika ia i ke kino o ka makuahine. I ka pūnāwai, i kekahi manawa (akā liʻiliʻi loa) hānau ʻia he ʻelua keiki. I ka hānau ʻana, he 7 a 10 paha kilokika ke kaumaha o kekahi.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, moe ka moa ʻole i ka mauʻu no hoʻokahi pule, hānai ka makuahine i kāna pēpē me ka waiū, a hānai i ka ʻaoʻao o ka cub. No ka pale ʻana i ka pua mai nā mea hōkai. Ma ka hoʻoilo e hiki mai ana, e hōʻoki ana ka pēpē i ka omo waiū a maʻa i ka meaʻai maʻamau. Pale nā dia ʻulaʻula i kā lākou poʻe keiki me nā pua bipi holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka pani ʻana i nā pēpē me ko lākou kino mai nā mea ʻino ke hoʻouka, e hele hewa ana i loko o nā pūʻā.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā dia ʻulaʻula
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa ʻulaʻula mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
Predators. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā dia hihiu, he poʻe ʻaihue lākou. ʻO ka mea mua loa, he ʻīlio hae kēia. He palupalu ke dia wahine i ka wā hāpai a hānai ʻana i kā lāua keiki, a ma hope hoʻi o ka hoʻoilo. Ke luhi nā holoholona a ʻaʻole hiki ke holo wikiwiki. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻīlio hae, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o ka dia ka lono a me nā ʻīlio hihiu, nā ʻalopeke, nā lynxes, nā pōpoki Bengal nui, nā harza a me nā bea. Holo mai nā mea ʻino, hiki i nā dia ke piʻi i nā piko, peʻe i ka wai.
Nā Pepelu ʻEnemi ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea hoʻoweliweli, maʻalahi ka dia i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā mea kolo ʻānai koko. I ke kau kau, nui nā pepelu ma ka Hikina hikina a me ka ʻĀkau i koi ʻia nā holoholona e neʻe. Kanaka A, ʻoiai, he mea weliweli ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona a me nā mea ʻai holoholona i ka dia. ʻO ka ʻiʻo dia ka mea nui o ka papaʻai kanaka. I kekahi mau wahi, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻona ka mea nui. ʻOi aku no nā poʻe o ke kūkulu ʻākau, kahi ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe he dia, ka ʻiʻo lio a me nā iʻa. ʻAe ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻĀlapa ʻulaʻula Lūkia
ʻO ke kūlana o nā ʻano Dia ʻulaʻula i ka Red Data Book kahi "ʻano me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi hoʻoliʻiliʻi". ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hopu holoholona i nā wahi āpau, a i kekahi mau manawa o ka makahiki. Ke emi nui nei ka heluna o nā dia ʻulaʻula i loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala aku nei, no laila ʻae wale ʻia nā dia ʻimi holoholona no kekahi mau mahina o ka makahiki. ʻO kēia ka wā kau-hoʻoilo.
Ma mua, ma nā kūlanakauhale o Yakutia ma ka ʻākau a me Taimyr, aia he heluna nui o nā dia, kahi mea hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o nā kānaka. Hele aku ka dia i nā wahi kanaka; i ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoweliweli ka dia hihiu i nā kānaka. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ʻai ka dia i kekahi ʻano mea kanu ʻaʻole hiki ke ola.
I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua emi loa ka heluna o nā dia, no laila ua hoʻolauna ʻia kekahi mau kapu no ka ʻimi holoholona. A no nā kumu waiwai a no ka ʻai ʻana, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi mahiʻai lawaiʻa, kahi e hānai ʻia ai nā dia no nā pono o ke kanaka.
Kiaʻi dia ʻulaʻula
Kiʻi: ʻAla ʻulaʻula
Nā ana e mālama ai i ka heluna kanaka o kēia laha:
- hana ʻia o nā mālama kūlohelohe. Hana ʻia nā wahi i kapu ʻole ka ʻimi holoholona. A pale ʻia kēia mau wahi e ka mokuʻāina.
- kapu ma ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia ʻano holoholona. ʻAe ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻulaʻula i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo wale nō, ʻaʻole ma nā wahi āpau.
- ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mahiʻai kālepa no ka hānai holoholona. ʻAʻole hiki ke ulu ʻana o ka ʻĀkau e ke kanaka ke ʻole ka mahiʻai. ʻAʻole hiki i nā bipi, nā kao a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ke hoʻopili i nā kūlana loa o ka ʻĀkau, a i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ʻimi wale ʻana no nā dia hihiu, ua hana ʻia nā mahi ʻai hānau. Hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka māla ʻo Reindeer ʻaʻole wale i ko mākou ʻāina, akā i nā ʻāina ʻē pū kekahi.
ʻO nā dia ʻulaʻula nā holoholona me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hiki ke kūpaʻa, ikaika a hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ke ola o nā holoholona. ʻAe maʻalahi nā holoholona i nā kūlana ola loa. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ka dia me nā kānaka, a pane maikaʻi i ke aʻo ʻana.Dia dia hanohano - He hana mana nui kēia o ke kūlohelohe, no laila e mālama pū kākou i kēia ʻike nani.
Lā paʻi: 03.02.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 17:33
