ʻO Turquoise acara - hoʻohui kēia huaʻōlelo i kēia mau lā i kekahi mau ʻano o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā cichlids, i kaulana i nā makahiki 70 o ke kenekulia i hala aku nei no ka mālama ʻana i ka aquarium. ʻO Acars, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻohe koi kūikawā no ka hoʻohui hydrochemical o ka wai - hana kēia mea iā lākou a maikaʻi mai ka manaʻo o nā aquarist. Ma kahi o 30 mau ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai e ʻike ʻia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Turquoise acara
Hele mai ka pūnaewele i kahi pūnaewele i ka ʻae a puni ka ʻōlelo Akara mai ka inoa Lākia ma ka unuhi Lūkia ʻo "kahawai". Maʻalahi e nānā i ke kūlike ʻole o ia ʻōlelo ma ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo e hōʻoia - i ke kahawai Latin "amnis". ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua loaʻa i ko ka Acars ko lākou inoa mahalo i ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe Guarani Indians, ka mea nāna i koho i kēia iʻa me kēia huaʻōlelo. Hikiwawe ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo semantic o ka huaʻōlelo. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ʻo Akars ma Amazon a no nā kamaʻāina kūloko o ka akara ua like ia me nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻaoʻao waena o Rūsia ka lāʻau koleka.
ʻO ka inoa nui "Akara" e uhi i nā ʻelele o kekahi genera o ka iʻa cichlid:
- genus Andinoacara;
- genus Aequidens;
- genus Krobia;
- genus Cleithracara;
- genus Bujurquina;
- genus Laetacara.
No ʻAmelika Hema nā ʻōpelu i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa. I kēia lā ʻaʻohe manaʻo paʻa o nā paleoichthyologists e pili ana i nā kūpuna maʻamau o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o nā fossil i loaʻa. ʻO nā manamana lima mua loa o ka iʻa maʻi ʻaʻai i hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka makahiki 57 a 45 miliona mau makahiki. ʻOi aku kēia ma mua o ka wā o ka hāʻule ʻana o Gondwana (135 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei), ʻo ia hoʻi, hāʻawi ia i kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ua ala aʻe kēia mau iʻa ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika Hema.
Ua kākoʻo nā fossil i ke kuhi o ka manaʻo i ala mua nā acars i ka wai o Peru a i loko o ka wai o ke kahawai ʻo Rio Esmeraldes. Mai kēia mau wahi lākou i noho ai i nā waihona wai ʻē aʻe o ke kikowaena o ʻAmelika Hema a i kēia lā uhi ʻia ko lākou wahi noho i ka ʻaoʻao waena o kēia ʻāina.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Blue Acara
He kino kiʻekiʻe ko Akaras i pālahalaha ʻia i ka lōʻihi. Nui ke poʻo o ka iʻa, me ka lae kūpale ʻano. Hoʻomaopopo hou ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona hanana i nā kāne me kahi momona momona ma ka lae, kahi i kahi kekelē a i ʻole kahi i loaʻa i nā cichlids āpau a hōʻike iā ia iho i ka hiki ʻana i ke oʻo.
Nui nā maka o nā maʻi ʻōlapa turquoise e pili ana i ka nui o ke poʻo. Hāʻawi ke ʻano o kēia mea iʻa i ka iʻa i ke ahiahi o ka ʻaoʻao o ka wai i loko o ka waihona, ma ke ʻano he rula, piha i nā lālā a ulu nui ʻia me nā mea kanu wai. Nui nā lehelehe cancer. I kēia ʻāpana o ke kino, hoʻopili nui ʻia kahi hopena nui o nā hunaola nerve, kahi e hoʻokani ai i nā mea loaʻa kemika a hāʻawi i ka iʻa i ka hiki ke loaʻa pololei nā meaʻai a me nā hoa, e hoʻoholo ai i kahi o ke kula.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ke kino o nā kanesa turquoise kahi fin tail huelo, a me anal a me nā peʻa hope. I nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā fin, anal pinepine a kuhikuhi ʻia i ka hope. ʻOkoʻa nā kala o ke kino i ka maʻi ʻaʻai a pili i ka laha. ʻO nā ʻano o nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole - mai ka ʻulaʻula a i ka uliuli-polū. ʻOi aku ka mālamalama o ke kala o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
ʻO nā nui o nā maʻi ʻaʻai he loli a kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia laha. ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi ka maroni akars, ʻo nā wahine e ulu a ʻehiku mau kenimika (ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne), ʻo ka zebra akars, e ulu nei a ʻelima mau kenimika. Ke ulu nei nā lunamaka o nā maʻi ʻōniu bluish-ʻike ʻia a me nā turquoise i kahi hapahā o ka mika.
Ma hea e noho ai ka turquoise akara?
Kiʻi: iʻa akara
Uhi ka nohona o ka maʻi ʻaʻai i nā waihona wai o Central a me ʻAmelika Hema ʻo Latin America. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā laha i ka moku nui ʻo Amazon ma Colombia, Peru a me Brazil.
Hoʻolālā nui ʻia lākou i nā kahawai ʻo Brazil, Venezuela a me Gaina, e like me:
- Putomayo;
- Trombetas (Trombetas);
- Shingu (Xingu);
- Esquibo;
- Kapim;
- Branko;
- Neko
ʻAʻole maʻamau ka acar Turquoise i ka wai o Trinidad. Noho nui ʻo Akars i nā kino wai pāpaʻu me kahi kahe haʻahaʻa o ka wai e waiwai i nā tanin. Makemake lākou i nā wahi me nā mānoanoa o nā mea kanu wai, me ke kōkua o lalo, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka iʻa me kahi nui o nā hale. Kūleʻa kēia mau iʻa ma ke kahakai o ka waihona wai.
ʻAneʻane makemake nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai āpau e noho ma kahakai. Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā wahi i ulu nui ʻia me nā mea kanu wai, me nā lau ākea e puka ana i luna. Hāʻawi kēia mau mea kanu i ka iʻa me ka hiki ke hūnā mai nā herona. I kēia hihia, pono e lawa ka hakahaka no ka ʻauʻau manuahi ʻana, ʻoiai makemake nā akara e mālama i ka ʻāina o kahi i koho ʻia.
He aha ka meaʻai a turquoise akara e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Akara
ʻO nā Akars he micro-predators. ʻO ia hoʻi, ale ka iʻa i kāna mea pio a hoʻāʻo e ale iā ia me ka nau ʻole. I kekahi manawa hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka hemahema o kēia ʻano ʻai i loko o ka pā o nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai, i hāʻawi ʻia i nā meaʻai ola, hoʻokaulike ʻia i ka lōʻihi me ka hāmeʻa o kā lākou mea pono waha. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole lōʻihi kahi tubule i loko o ka ʻōpū, akā hoʻomaka e lawe ʻia me kahi kahawai e hele i loko o ka waha e hāmama ana a me nā hāhā - e kau wale nā wēlau o ka tubule mai nā ʻāʻī o nā pūkana. Make ka iʻa i ka hopena.
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai maʻi ʻaʻai ka hānai protein. I ke kūlohelohe, hānai nui lākou i nā larvae o nā iʻa aquatic, crustacean. ʻO kekahi mau maʻi ʻalalā, e like me nā maʻi ʻaʻano turquoise, i hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia i ka ʻai ʻana i nā nīno. ʻAʻole e hāʻawi ʻo Acars i ka iʻa, ʻo ka nui o ia mea he mea hiki i ka mea ʻaihue ke ale i ka mea pio āpau.
No ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana (e like me nā iʻa āpau, ulu ka crayfish i ke ola holoʻokoʻa), pono e hoʻokomo pū i ka papaʻai i wahi nui ʻole o ka meaʻai mea kanu. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, loaʻa i ka iʻa i kēlā meaʻai ma ka ʻeli ʻana i ka deutrite a me ka ale ʻana i nā huna o nā mea kanu semi-decomposed. I ka hihia o ka mālama ʻana i ka aquarium, ma ka hoʻohui o nā hānai protein, hoʻohui ʻia ka hānai hana hana no ka iʻa omnivorous a me herbivorous i ka papaʻai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Turquoise akara kāne a wahine
ʻO nā Aquarist i kekahi manawa e kuhikuhi i ka maʻi ʻaʻai ma ke ʻano he iʻa iʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka iʻa e kahi ʻano paʻakikī, ʻike lākou ʻaʻole wale i ko lākou mau hoanoho mau, akā ka mea nona. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia a hiki ke petted.
Hoʻololi ka nohona kaiaulu o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e nā laha. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo nā lunamaka o nā ʻano pararaay akara (inoa Lakina ʻo Bujurquina vittata), i ʻike ʻia i waena o nā aquarists ma ke ʻano he akara vitata, ʻoi loa ka hakakā. I ka makahiki o ka palai, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hōʻike i ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole i nā lunamakaʻāinana like kāne o kāna ʻano. Ke ulu a makua nei lākou, hiki i ka ʻelele o nā ʻano iʻa ke hoʻāʻo e ʻau i loko o ka ʻāina a Akara Vitata i manaʻo ai nona iho.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio, i piha i nā makahiki he ʻewalu, hoʻomaka nā kanesa e hana i mau paʻa paʻa. He monogamous ʻo Akars a hoa ola no ke ola. ʻAʻole i aʻo ʻia nā palena i hana ʻia ai nā pālua, akā ua ʻike ʻia inā kanu ʻia kahi wahine makua me kahi wahine makua, e hoʻopau weliweli ka hoʻokolohua - e helu ka kāne i kahi malihini i makemake ʻole ʻia. ʻOiai, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi pālua e ke kīʻaha, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ke kū nei ke kāne e hoʻāʻo nei e kipaku i ka wahine a ʻae iā ia e komo i kāna panalāʻau.
Ma ke koho ʻana i ka ʻāina o ko lākou wahi e noho ai, hoʻomaka kahi paʻa o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e pale aku iā ia mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a nā hoalauna. Heʻuʻuku paha kēia wahi, no ka laʻana, 100 cm² wale nō e like me Laetacara curviceps, akā hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ka wahine i nā palena i ʻae ʻole ʻia e hele i kekahi. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ke ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai ʻo ia ka mea i haʻi pinepine ʻia i ka wahine, ka mea e hoʻoulu pinepine i nā hakakā a huki i nā kāne i loko o lākou.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana kope i nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai like ʻole. Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana e ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka mahana, i ukali pū ʻia me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai a me ka emi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā nitrates a me nā nitrites, nā phosphates, ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka palupalu o ka wai, a me ka hoʻololi o ka acidity. I ke kūlohelohe, hoʻomaka kēia hana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka wai ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau o ka ua pinepine. I nā aquarium, loaʻa kēlā ʻano hoʻololi e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana aeration, hoʻololi pinepine ka wai me ka hoʻohui o distillate.
ʻO ka mākaukau e hānau i waho e hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ke kala a me ka loli o ka lawena. Koho ʻo Akars a hoʻomaka e hoʻomākaukau i kahi e waiho ai nā hua. Ma ke ʻano he pōhaku pālahalaha kēia. Hoʻonui ka hakakā o ka maʻi ʻaʻai - pale ikaika lākou i kā lākou pōhaku. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka papa o ka pōhaku e ka iʻa. I loko o ka aquarium, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka pōhaku me kahi ʻāpana ceramic, plastic. Inā ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā ʻeka i kahi mea kūpono, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi o ka lepo, i ko lākou manaʻo, kūpono no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi hou ʻana i ka wā o ka ʻōnaehana ʻana, hoʻomaka nā glands ma nā lehelehe o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e hūnā i nā mea bactericidal. No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka iʻa wale i ka ʻili, akā disinfect hoʻi ia. I ka manawa like, ʻeli nā akars i kahi mea i ka lepo ma waena o kahi lua a me kahi mink - ʻo kēia kahi kahi e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ai ka larva ma hope o ka hatching. Penei ka hana ʻana - ʻauʻau ka wahine ma luna o ka pōhaku, e waiho ana i kahi lālani hua, a hāhai ke kāne iā ia a momona i nā hua.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, aia kahi makua ma luna ona a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka paʻa ma ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā peʻa pectoral. Pale ka makua ʻelua i ka pūnaewele pūnana mai ke komo ʻana o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka maʻi ʻaʻai, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻohiʻohi i nā hua i ka lua o ka waha a hoʻokomo i nā hua i loko. Ma muli o kahi hoʻoponopono loiloi ʻauhau i lawe ʻia e Cullander i ka makahiki 1986, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai i kahi ʻano kūikawā ʻo Bujurquina. Ma hope o ka resorption o ka ʻeke yolk i loko o ka pā, hoʻomaka nā mākua e hānai iā lākou - nau lākou i ka meaʻai a hoʻokuʻu i loko o ka fry accumulate. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻai i ka hiki ke ʻau manuahi, ʻaʻole kūpau nā mākua i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou. Ke ulu nei ka palai, haʻalele lākou i ko lākou mau mākua a hoʻomohala i kahi noho hou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka maʻi ʻaʻai turquoise
Kiʻi: Turquoise iʻa akara
ʻAʻole hoihoi ʻo Akars i kahi hoihoi kalepa no ka hana waiwai. ʻO ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻoulu pio pio ʻana i alakaʻi i ka lilo o ka hoihoi i kēia mau iʻa mai nā mea hoʻolako i nā iʻa aquarium e kūʻai aku i nā pūnaewele ma ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, a ʻo ka waiwai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻāla ʻole i ka hoihoi mai nā ʻoihana i pili i ka hopu ʻana i nā iʻa iʻa papaʻaina.
No laila, hōʻike ʻia ka pōʻai o nā ʻenemi o ka maʻi ʻaʻai e nā mea hōkai, kahi a kēia mau iʻa he meaʻai maoli. ʻO ia mau ʻenemi, ʻo ka mea mua, e komo pū me nā caimans ʻōpio, nona ka papaʻai i nā wā mua o ke ola e kau ʻia ana ma nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kolo nui. ʻO ia holoholona e like me ka honu matamata manu kuhukukū e ʻimi kūleʻa hoʻi no ka maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻO nā herona o nā ʻano laha e alualu i ka iʻa i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu ke kumu o ka hōʻino nui ʻana i nā lāhui maʻi ʻaʻai. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā ʻōpio o nā iʻa predatory e like me nā arapaims i nā akaras kekahi.
ʻAneʻane ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai ka poʻe alualu mākaukau e like me nā otter Brazil. Eia nō naʻe, kahi hōʻemi nui o ka heluna kanaka o ka hope ma muli o ke komo ʻana o ke kanaka i ka Amazonian natura, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kēia mau mea ʻaihue mai ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi nui o ka maʻi ʻaʻai. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe holoholona i ʻike ʻia e ʻimi alualu wale no ka maʻi ʻaʻai. No laila, hiki ʻole ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻenemi kikoʻī o kēia iʻa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Akara
Hoʻololi maʻalahi ʻo Akaras i ke ola i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i nā kahawai e kahe mālie, i nā wai pohō a i nā kahawai e kahe koke mai nā kuahiwi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia hoʻi nā acars i ka hoʻohui wai-kemika o ka wai. ʻO ka laulā o ka paʻakikī o ka wai, ʻoluʻolu no ke ola, ākea ākea - 3 - 20 dGH. Nā koi aikika - pH mai 6.0 a i 7.5. Ua lawa ka laulā o ka mahana no kahi noho ʻoluʻolu - mai 22 ° to a 30 ° С.
ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana o ka nohona i hāʻawi i nā akars i ka manawa kūpono e hōʻemi ʻole i ka nui o ko lākou heluna kanaka ma muli o nā loli i hana ʻia ma Amazon ma muli o ka hopena o ka nāhelehele predatory. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana hoʻokele waiwai kanaka, i kekahi ʻano, a ua kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka lehulehu o kēia mau iʻa i nā wahi maoli.
Akara ʻaʻohe i loko o ka IUCN Red List o nā holoholona a me nā iʻa, no laila ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā hana mālama e pili ana iā lākou. Kūpaʻa ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau iʻa ma ʻAmelika Hema a hōʻike ʻole i ka makemake e iho.
Lā paʻi: 26.01.2019
Lā hou: 09/18/2019 ma 22:14
