ʻO ka moku e pili ana iā ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia ua komo i loko nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea ʻelua a pīhoihoi me kona nani maoli. ʻO nā manu o ka Urala ʻokoʻa a kupaianaha hoʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pīhaʻu a me ke aniau o ka Urals
ʻO ka Ural, aia ma waenakonu o ka Hikina ʻEulopa a me West Siberian kula, ua lilo, mahalo i nā kuahiwi, kahi kūlohelohe a me nā wahi kai.
Ke kau nei nā mauna Ural a hiki i Kazakhstan (ma ka hema) a me ke Kai Arctic (ma ka ʻākau), no ka mea ke ʻano o ke koena o nā Ural e like me nā kuahiwi e kū like ana kekahi i kekahi. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe lākou (a hiki i 1.6 km) a kau ʻia me nā piko pālahalaha / poepoe kahi e hoʻopuehu ʻia ai nā kualapa pōhaku.
ʻO nā kahawai wikiwiki meander ma waena o nā kualono a me nā awāwa e moe ana, a ʻo ke aniau Ural ka mea maʻamau o nā ʻāina mauna. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻāina he subarctic ia, ma lalo o ka temperate, ma ka hikina e like me ka Continental, akā ma ke komohana (ma muli o ka nui o ka ua) ua emi ka ʻāina.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. ʻAneʻane ʻo nā mea āpau (me ke koe o nā wao nahele) ʻike ʻia nā wahi kūlohelohe i ka Urals.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāina i ʻehā mau ʻāpana, a ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau ʻāpana.
- polar - tundra and ululāʻau-tundra;
- ʻākau - ululāʻau tundra a me taiga;
- waena - taiga a me ka ululāʻau;
- hema - steppe e pili ana i ka steppe ulu lāʻau.
Wikiwiki nā kahawai i nā Urala, a pōhaku mau ko lākou kapa. Hāʻawi nā awāwa a me nā kino hohonu i ke ola i nā ʻano he nui e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana kaiaola ʻokoʻa. Kū hoʻokahi ka holoholona o kēlā me kēia wahi: no ka laʻana, ʻokoʻa nā manu o ka moku Sverdlovsk mai nā manu e noho ana ma ka moku Chelyabinsk. ʻO ka mea ma mua e hōʻike ana i nā holoholona o ka taiga a me tundra, ʻo ka hope o ka steppe a me ka steppe ulu lāʻau.
Nā manu nahele
Noho nā manu Ural he nui i nā ulu lāʻau. ʻO ka helehelena o kēia mau manu kaukaʻi ʻia i ka papaʻai. Pono ʻo Grouse a me ka lāʻau grouse i nā wāwae ikaika me nā māiʻuʻuʻu ikaika e lūlū i ka papahele o ka nahele. He nuku ikaika ko kahi ʻeneki e ʻūlū i ke kumu a puka i nā mea kolo. ʻAʻole hiki i nā manu nahele ke hana me ka ʻole o nā ʻeheu i hoʻopuni ʻia e kōkua i ka maneuver ma waena o nā kumulāʻau.
ʻO Nightjar
ʻO kahi manu ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka nui o ka jackdaw, me nā kiko ocher ma ke kua a me ke kala like me nā kaha transverse ma ka umauma. He wahi hohonu ko ka nightjar i ka waha me kahi nuku liʻiliʻi, kahi huelo lōʻihi a me nā ʻeheu ʻoi. ʻO Nightjar ka mea maʻamau i ka South / Middle Urals (a i 60 ° N) a makemake e noho ma kahi kokoke i nā ululāʻau, i nā wahi i puhi ʻia a me nā mālamalama.
Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i kona wahi ponoʻī i ka waenakonu o Mei i mea e ʻumeʻume ai i nā ipo wahine i nā pō pōkole o Iune me kahi mele e like me ke ʻano o ke kani - "uerrrrrr ...".
Lele nā nightjars i ke ahiahi, ʻāwīwī i nā nūnē nocturnal i ka lele a ʻai i nā beetles Mei, June beetles a me nā scoops. Hana ka wahine me ka ʻole o ka pūnana, e waiho ana i mau hua manu i ka lepo i ka nāhelehele. Lele nā nightjars i nā wahi mahana i ka hopena o ʻAukake (Middle Urals) a i ʻole i ka hapa mua o Kepakemapa (Hema).
ʻO Little Whitethroat
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa o nā warblers, e noho nei ma nā ululāʻau Ural, koe wale no kona mau mauna ʻākau. Hinahina ʻeleʻele ke kua, ʻeleʻele hoʻi ke kalaunu a me nā papalina, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino ka māmā. Loaʻa ʻo Accentor i nā wahi like ʻole, ʻo ka mea nui ka coniferous a me ka sparse o nā mea kanu, me ka loaʻa o nā kihi.
ʻAi ka manu i ka nahele a me nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO ka papaʻai o ka Lesser Whitethroat:
- nā mea kolo;
- larva;
- ʻenuhe;
- hua manu lele.
Hiki mai ʻo Whitethroat i nā Urals Hema i ka hapa mua o Mei, i ka Middle Urals ma nā ʻano like ʻole (i kapa ʻia ka lā mua o Mei 2, i hala - Mei 22). Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana, haki nā manu i nā pālua, kūkulu hale ʻana i nā pūnana, e ulu ana nā lāʻau spruce / pine ma kahi o 2 m mai ka honua.
Hoʻonui ʻia ke kau moʻa no Warblers, no laila hīmeni kekahi mau kāne i Iulai pū kekahi, akā ke mau nei ka nāwaliwali o ke kani o ka hui hīmeni mai ka hopena o Iune. A i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa, hoʻomaka nā manu e ʻākoakoa i ka hema.
Lio ulu lāʻau
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manu ma mua o kahi manu liʻiliʻi, me nā ʻeheu hina hina, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā kaha lōʻihi, me kahi kukui ma lalo a me nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ka umauma a me nā mea kanu.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia i nā ululāʻau o ka Middle / Southern Urals, hiki i ka pāpū o ka Northern Urals. Makemake i nā lihi o ka nahele, ke kua a me ke ahi. Ma kahi kokoke i Yekaterinburg, ʻike ʻia hoʻokahi manawa ma ʻApelila 18, a aneane hoʻokahi mahina ma hope (Mei 12), hōʻea i South Urals i ka manawa like a i ʻole ma mua iki.
A ala aʻe nā mea kolo, ʻai nā pipits nahele i nā ʻanoʻano mea kanu. Me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka mehana, ua waiwai ka papa kuhikuhi:
- nā kolo a me nā ʻūlū;
- ʻenuhe;
- lele a me nā butterflies.
Hoʻomaka ke oli ʻana o nā kāne ma hope koke iho o ka hōʻea ʻana, akā lohe ʻia nā mele lehulehu ma mua o ka waena o Mei. I ka manawa like, loaʻa ka moʻo ʻana, a ma Iune - Iulai, piʻi aʻe nā pīpī ma ka ʻēheu. Ma ke kau waena o Iulai, ua hāmau ka papa kāne kāne, a i ka hopena o ʻAukake, haʻalele ka pīpī nahele i nā Urals Waena. I nā South Urals, haʻalele ka haʻalele ma mua o Kepakemapa.
Manu lele
ʻO kahi wehewehe ʻoi aku ka pololei o nā manu o nā ākea, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e noho wale i nā steppe, akā i nā nāhelehele a me nā wao akua. ʻO lākou, ma ke ʻano he mau ʻēheu ikaika e pono ai no ka neʻe lōʻihi ʻana, a me kahi iwi iwi mama, a me nā wāwae ikaika e hōʻoia i ka noho lōʻihi ma ka honua.
ʻO Steppe harrier
Ua like ia me ka nāhelehele a me nā mea pale kula: nā ʻano 3 āpau e aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma nā lima o kahi ornithologist. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mea lawe ma mua o ka moa, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma muli o kona huelo lōʻihi a me nā ʻeheu nui. Noho ka hapanui steppe i nā biotopes steppe wale nō. Loaʻa ke kula i nā wahi āpau, ʻoiai ma ka nahele-tundra, akā noho nā mea pale āpau i nā ākea. Kūkulu kūpono nā pūnana ma ka honua - ma nā puʻupuʻu a i ʻole i ka mauʻu.
ʻO nā mahina ke ʻano manu manu lūlū e hoʻopau ana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i nā mea he nui (me ke koʻikoʻi i ka ʻiole):
- gophers;
- ʻiole;
- voles;
- nā moʻo a me nā moʻo;
- rana;
- keiki moa.
Ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe (i ka hapa mua o Kepakemapa), neʻe ka mea lawaiʻa steppe ma waho o nā South Urals, haʻalele ka mea lawe manu i ka hopena o Kepakemapa, a ʻo ka mea hānai kahua wale nō i ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa.
Pāka māla
He kiʻekiʻe ʻo ia e like me kahi manu liʻiliʻi a noho i nā māla o ka Middle / South Urals. Hiki i aneʻi i Malaki - ʻApelila a mālama mua i nā pāheʻe wai. ʻAi wale nā Lark i nā hua nāhelehele wale nō, akā, i nā ʻelala o ka pā, a laila hoʻololi i nā hua i waiho ʻia ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka palaoa.
Hoʻomaka ka pūnana i ka mua o ke kau waena o Mei, ke piʻi a hoʻoikaika ka hoʻoilo: i kēia manawa, hoʻowalewale ke mele o ka lark. Hīmeni nā manu i ka lewa, piʻi kiʻekiʻe a puni i ko lākou pūnana e moe ana ma ka palena a i ʻole ma ka lihi o ke kahua. Puka mai nā Chicks i ka hopena o Iune, a lele aku no ka hoʻoilo (South Ural) i ka hopena o Kepakemapa.
Pueo pepeiao pōkole
He pueo pepeiao pepeiao lōʻihi ke nānā aku, akā me ka ʻole o nā kuʻi pepeiao o ka hope. Hoʻohui ʻia, pili nā ʻano ʻelua i ka helu o nā rodent murine. I ka Middle Urals, ʻike ʻia nā pueo pepeiao pepeiao liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka waena o ʻApelila, e noho ana i nā kahamaha me nā nāhelehele, nā pohō, nā ʻanuʻu a me nā ʻāpana.
Hoʻonui loa ʻia ka wā hānau, a i nā kau e "huahua" no nā koʻokoʻo, hana kekahi mau wahine i ʻelua mau paʻa.
Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana ma ka honua ma waena o nā mānoanoa / ma nā hummock, a i ka hopena o Mei, ʻike ʻia nā pūnana me nā moa moʻo melemele ma kahi kokoke i nā hua ʻaʻole i hoʻoulu ʻia, e piʻi aʻe ana ma ka ʻeheu i ka hopena o Iune. ʻO ka nui o nā pueo pepeiao liʻiliʻi e neʻe hema i Kepakemapa, akā noho kekahi o nā manu (inā nui nā koʻokoʻo) a hiki i ka hoʻoilo.
Nā manu o kahakai
Loaʻa iā lākou kahi papaʻai like a he nui nā ʻano like o ke kino. ʻO kēia nā lālā lahilahi lōʻihi i mea e paʻa ʻole ai i kahi poho, a me ka nuku i hoʻonui ʻia e kiʻi i nā holoholona mai ka wai.
Egret nui
He manu nui, a i 1.05 ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻēheu o 1.3-1.45 m. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Keʻokeʻo ka hulu, pololei ka nuku, lōʻihi a melemele. Hele a nui a hele mālie ka aeto nui, e kīʻaha ana i kona ʻāʻī a nānā aku i nā mea pio pono, a lilo pinepine i:
- iʻa a me ka crayfish;
- nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi;
- nahesa a me na rana;
- nā ʻalekini a me nā ʻūhini;
- nā pepelu ʻē aʻe.
Huli hoʻokahi a i ʻole hui pū ʻia i ka lā / ma mua o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, a ma hope o ka pōʻele, ʻimi ʻo ia i kahi puʻuhonua me ke koena o kona ʻohana. Kūʻē maoli ka ʻaeto nui (ʻoiai me ka nui o nā meaʻai), a hakakā pinepine me nā hoa ʻohana, a lawe pū i ka meaʻai mai nā herona liʻiliʻi.
Kāwili nui
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia kokoke i ka ʻelele nui loa o ka ʻohana snipe me ka ulu ʻana ma mua o ka hapalua mika, ke kaumaha o 0.6-1 kg a me kahi ʻēheu o 1 mika. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kahi nuku lōʻihi, kūlou i lalo.
Noho i nā nāhelehele, nā iole / nāhelehele lau nahele, a me nā steppes mākū. Mai nā kahua hoʻoilo e hoʻi i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, e pūnana ana i nā wahi ākea a i ʻole nā hui kaʻawale. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka pūnana ma lalo o kahi ululāʻau a i ʻole ka mauʻu, e waiho ana i nā hua nui (ʻaʻole like me ka moa) ma laila. Hoʻokomo ʻo Curlews iā lākou i ka huli, a alakaʻi i ka pua no ʻelua.
Lele pinepine nā manu neʻe i ke ʻano kūpono (laina oblique a i ʻole ʻūlū), ʻo ka mea maʻamau ʻole no nā mea mālama.
ʻPerpuʻu
ʻO ka passerine wale nō e luʻu i loko o ka wai e ʻimi i nā meaʻai - invertebrates, larvae mayfly / caddis a me nā mea noho ʻē aʻe o lalo. ʻO kahi manu kokoke i ka wai me kahi hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia, ʻeleʻele a huelo pōkole hoʻi, ka nui o kahi avera thrush. ʻEʻeleʻele ka plumage, hoʻonanea ʻia e kahi ʻeke keʻokeʻo.
Noho ka dia i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa ma kapa o ka muliwai, e hāʻawi ana i nā hui kūʻokoʻa no ka pūnana ʻana. Hoʻomaka lākou e hīmeni a hiki i ka mehana, e hoʻomaka ana i ke kakahiaka nui e kūkulu i nā pūnana.
Manu-wai
ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou ʻaʻole wale heʻauʻau maikaʻi, akā he poʻe luʻu maikaʻi loa nō hoʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka moa wai e kahi waʻa e like me ka huluhulu a ʻōlelo ʻia i ka pūnaewele ma ko lākou mau wāwae a me nā lālā, ua neʻe kokoke i ka huelo. Ma waho o ka wai, hele a palaualelo lākou a hele wāwae e like me nā ʻāpō.
ʻO Cormorant
ʻO kahi manu nui (a hiki i 3 kg) manu wai me kahi hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha, me kahi kumukānāwai stocky me kahi huelo / ʻāʻī lōʻihi. Hoʻopau ka nuku me kahi lou a kāhiko ʻia me kahi kiko melemele mānoanoa ma ke kumu. ʻEleʻele ka cormorant me ka sheen metallic, ʻokoʻa i ka puʻu māmā a me ka umauma.
ʻAʻau maikaʻi ka manu, e luʻu ana i kahi hohonu o 4 m, akā i ka ʻāina e neʻe kānalua ʻole ia, e hoʻopololei ana i kona kino.
Piʻi nā Cormorants i nā kumulāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi nā moa, a noho ma nā kahawai haʻahaʻa, e hoʻolālā ana i nā waihona lohi. Ma ʻaneʻi e ʻimi ai nā cormorants i nā iʻa, molluscs a me nā amphibians, me ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana i nā mea kolo a me nā mea kanu.
Hipa, a i ʻole atayka
ʻO kahi manu nani (me nā ʻano / kūwaho o nā ʻāpua a me nā geese) ʻelua me kahi nuku ʻulaʻula a me nā puʻupuʻu hopu, kahi e hui ʻia ai ka ʻulaʻula, ka hina a me ka ʻeleʻele e kūʻē i ke kumu o ke keʻokeʻo nui. I nā Urals, kahi maʻamau maʻamau, i kekahi mau wahi i kahi pālule he nui, hilinaʻi i ke kanaka a hoʻokuʻu iā ia e pili pono.
Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā pūnana ma kahakai a i kahi mamao iki paha mai nā kino wai kahi e loaʻa ai ka ataika i kāna meaʻai: molluscs, crustaceans liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa aquatic. Hoʻomaka ia i ka hana hou ʻana i ʻApelila - Iulai, ka lako ʻana i nā pūnana i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia, nā lua a i ʻole nā pahu hollow.
ʻUmeke ʻaʻano
Ua kapa ʻia ia inoa no ka ʻokoʻa o kāna mau kāne e emit i ka wā o ka moena, e kipaku nei i nā mea hoʻokūkū mai kā lākou pūnaewele. Noho ke kani mute a ʻaneʻane 30 mau makahiki, e hana ana i hoʻokahi pālua. Ua palahalaha ia i nā estuaries, nā loko a me nā kahawai, nona nā kahakai i waiwai i nā mea kanu wai.
Ma ka ʻāina, ʻike ka mū i ka mauʻu a me nā cereal: i ka wā o ka molt o ke kau, ʻai ka manu makua a 4 kg o ka meaʻai mea kanu.
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu wai, hopu ka mū i nā mea liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma laila (crustaceans a molluscs), a hiki ke luʻu kokoke i 1 mika. Ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona Swan ma mua o ka hapalua kenekulia i hala.
Nā Manu o nā Urala mai ka Buke Ulaʻula
ʻAʻohe puke ʻulaʻula o nā Ural, akā ua paʻi ʻia kekahi mau puke āpana me nā ʻano pale. Ua paʻi ʻia ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka Middle Urals (akā, ʻaʻohe ona kūlana kūʻokoʻa kū kānāwai) me nā ʻano flora / fauna o nā ʻāina Kurgan, Perm, Sverdlovsk a me Chelyabinsk.
Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā papa inoa ʻulaʻula i ka USSR, akā ua loaʻa iā lākou ka palapala puke ma hope. ʻO ka paionia ʻo Bashkiria, ka mea nāna i paʻi ka Red Book i ka makahiki 1984 a paʻi hou ʻia ma 1987 a me 2001. A laila ua loaʻa i ka Repubalika Komi kahi puke - 1996 (paʻi hou 2009)
Ua ukali ʻia lākou e nā ʻāpana Ural ʻē aʻe:
- Orenburgskaya - 1998;
- Kurgan - 2002/2012;
- Tyumenskaya - 2004;
- Chelyabinsk - 2005/2017;
- Ter Teritori - 2008;
- Māhele ʻo Sverdlovsk - 2008.
Aia i loko o kēlā me kēia puke kāna papa inoa ponoʻī o nā lāhui i pale ʻia, kekahi o ia mau mea e kūlike me ka loiloi o ka Red List o ka Russian Federation a me / a i ʻole IUCN. ʻO kahi laʻana, 48 mau ʻano i loko o ka Red Book o ka Chelyabinsk Region, 29 o lākou i loko o ka Red Book o ka Russian Federation. I ka makahiki 2017, ua kāpae ʻia ka toadstool hina-cheekeded, sheathing, avdotka, stilt, black stork, a me ka warbler aquatic mai ka puke āpana, akā ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hou - ptarmigan, manu kuhukukū maʻamau, nāhelehele a me Dubrovnik.
