ʻO ia ka mea i kapa ʻia he kūpuna o nā hipa kūloko. ʻO Mouflon, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā hipa mauna, akā like me lākou, ua hoʻokau ʻia e hāpai i nā pepeiaohao wili wili i kona ola a pau.
Ka wehewehe o ka mouflon
ʻO Ovis gmelini (aka Ovis ovis) kahi artiodactyl ruminant mai ka genus o nā hipa, kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohana bovid. Wahi a kekahi o nā hoʻohālikelike, aia nā ʻano ʻelima i nā ʻāpana: ʻEulopa, Cypriot, Armenian, Isfahan a me nā mouflons Laristani.
Helehelena
Ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua aʻo ʻia nā ʻāpana 3 o mouflon (ʻEulopa, Transcaucasian a me Cypriot), ʻike ʻia e ko lākou wahi a me kekahi mau nuances o ka waho.
ʻO Cypriot, ma muli o ke kaʻawale o ka noho ma ka mokupuni, loaʻa iā ia kona ʻano ponoʻī: ʻo kēia mouflon, noho wale i ka nahele, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā ʻohana mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke ʻano o ke kala mai ke gula māmā a i ka brown brown, akā ʻo ka ʻōpū, ʻūlū lalo a me ka ihu keʻokeʻo.
Ma ke kau waena o ke kauwela e ʻike ʻia ka “noho lio” ma ke kua o ka holoholona - kahi keʻokeʻo melemele a keʻokeʻo paha. Ma ke anuanu, loaʻa i ka mouflon kahi mane: ʻo ka hulu hulu ma ka nape e lilo i nui a paʻakikī. ʻO kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e hoʻomaka ana ma ke poʻo, e holo ana ma ka pali holoʻokoʻa a hoʻopau i kahi huelo pōkole.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. Hoʻomaka ka molt no nā mouflons ma ka hopena o Pepeluali a pau ma Mei. Mai Mei a ʻAukake, ʻaʻahu lākou i ke kapa kauwela, a ma Kepakemapa e hoʻomaka ai e pani ʻia e kahi pale hoʻoilo, a ʻo ia ka mea hope loa ma mua o Dekemaba.
Ua kapa ʻia ka mouflon ʻEulopa ka ram hihiu hope loa ma ʻEulopa. He palule pōkole paʻa pono (elongated ma ka umauma), ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma ke kua a keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū. I ka hoʻoilo, lilo ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino i brown-chestnut.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mouflon Transcaucasian ma mua o kahi hipa kūloko, lohi a ikaika hoʻi, he huluhulu ʻulaʻula, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me nā keʻokeʻo hina (i ke ʻano o ka noho lio). ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele ka umauma, ʻike ʻia ka malu like ma mua o nā forelegs.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomālamalama iki ka ʻahu i ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula-melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula chestnut. Eia kekahi, ma ka hau, ulu ka mouflon (ma ka ʻāʻī / umauma) i kahi dewlap ʻeleʻele pōkole, akā keokeo ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwae o lalo.
Uhi ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio me ka huluhulu hulu brownish-hina hina.
Nā ana Mouflon
Aia ka mouflon mauna Transcaucasian ma mua o nā mouflon ʻē aʻe i ka nui, e ulu ana a 80-95 cm ma kahi maloʻo me kahi 1.5 mika ka lōʻihi a loaʻa i 80 kg o ka nui. Hōʻike ka mouflon ʻEulopa i nā ana akahai hou - he kino he 1.25-mika (kahi e hāʻule ai ka 10 knm ma ka huelo) a hiki i ka 75 knm ma kahi maloʻo me ke kaupaona o 40 a 50 kg. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mouflon Cypriot ma kahi o 1.1 m me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā mea mae o 65 a 70 cm a me kahi kaumaha o 35 kg.
Auila
ʻO nā kaiāulu kauwela o nā mouflons mai 5 a 20 mau holoholona: ma ke ʻano he mau, he mau wahine kēia me nā keiki, a hele pū ʻia me 1-2 kāne kāne makua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hope, mālama pinepine i nā hui kaʻawale, e ʻae ana i ka noho ʻana o hoʻokahi wahine wahine ma laila. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā kāne kāne makua e noho ma ke ʻano he pio.
I ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻākoakoa nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi pūʻā ikaika, a hiki i ka 150-200 poʻo, ʻo ke alakaʻi he kāne ʻōpio. Alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka pūʻā a ma ka manawa like e like me ke kiaʻi kiaʻi, e piʻi ana i kahi pōhaku / puʻu a nānā aku i kahi mamao ke hoʻomaha nā mouflons a ʻai paha.
Hoihoi. ʻIke i ka makaʻu, hehi nui ka alakaʻi i kona wāwae a holo, ke waiho nei i kahi laʻana no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Māmā a wikiwiki ka holo o ka mouflon - i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka pili o kona mau kui i ka honua.
Inā pono, lele ka mouflon i 1.5 m a i ʻole lele iā 10 m i lalo, lele lele ʻole ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā pōhaku nui. Lele, hoʻolei ka hipa kāne i kona poʻo me nā pepeiaohao a pani i nā wāwae o mua a me hope, e pae ākea ana.
I ka panalāʻau i koho ʻia, alakaʻi nā mouflons i kahi nohona noho maʻamau me nā wahi "staken" no ka hoʻomaha, hānai a me ka hoʻoinu. I ka wā o nā hoʻololi, holo lākou ma nā ala like, e hehi i nā ala i ʻike ʻia i hoʻohana ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i kēlā me kēia manawa.
I ke awakea wela o ke kauwela, hoʻomaha ka hipa ma lalo o nā canopies pōhaku, i nā kahawai a i ka malu o nā kumulāʻau nui. Kū mau nā moena a i kekahi manawa ke nānā aku e like me nā lua, ʻoiai hahi nā hipa kāne iā lākou a hohonu, ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. I ka hoʻoilo, hānai ka pūʻā a hiki i ke ahiahi ʻana, e peʻe ana i loko o nā kahawai ke puhi nei ka hau a i ʻole ka pā hau.
ʻUā ka mouflon i ke ala like me he hipa home lā, akā ʻoi aku ke kani a me ka wikiwiki o nā kani. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻole nā holoholona i nā hōʻailona leo, e aʻoaʻo ana no ka makaʻu a me nā kaomi o nā lālā o ka ʻohana.
Wā ola
ʻO nā Mouflons, me ka nānā ʻole i nā ʻāpana, ola i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma kahi o 12-15 mau makahiki. Kakaʻikahi ka poʻe i ʻike he kuleana ko kona mau pepeiaohao kaumaha no ka lōʻihi o ka mouflon. Loaʻa iā lākou ka iwi iwi, kahi e hua ai nā huna koko. Na lākou e hāpai i ka oxygen ma loko o ke kino, me ka ʻole o ka mouflon e hemo ai i nā kuahiwi, kahi lahilahi o ka ea. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe ke hāpai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka momona o ka iwi a ʻoi ke kaumaha o nā pepeiaohao.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi kāne mai ka wahine i ke alo / puka ʻole a i ʻole ka nui o nā pepeiaohao, a me ke kaupaona a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ka māmā o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne (kaupaona i ka hapalua a i ke kolu o ka liʻiliʻi), akā i ka hapanui o nā hihia ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā kiwi ʻAno paʻakikī ka ulu o nā mouflons wahine, akā ʻoiai ua liʻiliʻi loa ia.
Kaena nā kāne o ka mouflon ʻEulopa i ka mānoanoa (30-40 pelu) a me nā pepeiaohao triangular a 65 cm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo pū nā mouflons Cypriot i nā pepeiaohao nui a wili hoʻi.
ʻO nā pepeiaohao o nā kāne o ka Transflaucasian mouflon e loli i ka nui a me ka lōʻihi, a me ke kaʻe ma ke kumu - mai 21 a 30 cm. Liʻiliʻi nā pepeiaohao o nā wahine, ʻūlū iki a pālahalaha ʻia, me nā ʻākeʻakeʻa transverse, akā ʻo ka pinepine pinepine ʻole lākou.
Kahi noho, wahi noho
Loaʻa ʻo Mouflon mai Transcaucasia a me nā ʻaoʻao hema o Tajikistan / Turkmenistan a hiki i ke Kaiwaenahonua a me ka ʻākau komohana ʻo India. Noho ka mouflon ʻEulopa ma nā mokupuni ʻo Sardinia a me Corsica, a ma ka hema hoʻi o ʻEulopa ʻĀinapuni, kahi i hoʻolauna maikaʻi ʻia ai.
I ka hāʻule o 2018, ua loaʻa kahi mouflon ma ke komohana o Kazakhstan (pā ʻo Ustyurt). ʻO ka Transcaucasian mouflon grazes ma nā wahi mauna o Azerbaijan a me Armenia (me nā Armenian Highlands), a hōʻea i ka ʻōnaehana mauna Zagros ma ʻIrani, ʻIraka a me Turkey.
Eia hou, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ka laha i loko o nā kahua huli holoholona o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Lawe ʻia nā holoholona i ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema e huli ʻia.
Aia kekahi kolone liʻiliʻi o nā mouflons ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kerguelen ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke Kai ʻInikia. ʻO nā subspecies endemic, ka Cypriot mouflon, noho ma Kupero. ʻO ka nohona maʻamau he mau mauna mauna. ʻAʻole makemake nā hipa (ʻokoʻa i nā kao) i nā kuahiwi pōhaku, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomaha o ka hāmama me nā piko, nā pā a me nā pali mālie.
No kahi noho mālie, ʻaʻole pono nā mouflons i kahi hānai maikaʻi wale me ka ʻike ākea, akā ʻo ka kokoke pū kekahi o kahi lua e hoʻoinu ai. He mea ʻokoʻa ka neʻe ʻana o ke kau no nā ʻelele o ka laha a ʻano laha ʻole, akā ʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka lehulehu.
I ke kau mahana, hele kiʻekiʻe nā hipa i ke kuahiwi, kahi nui o nā lau nahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoi aku ka anuanu o ka ea. I ka hoʻoilo, iho nā mouflons i kahi kiʻekiʻe i lalo, kahi mehana o ia. I nā makahiki maloʻo, holoholo pinepine ka ʻohana i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka momona.
Mea ʻai Mouflon
I ke kauwela, hele nā holoholona i nā wahi hānai i ka wā e emi ai ka wela, a waiho wale iā lākou i ke ahiahi. ʻO Mouflon, e like me nā hipa kāne ʻē aʻe, no nā mea ulu lāʻau, ʻoiai ʻo ka mauʻu a me nā hua ma mua i kāna papaʻai. Ke holoholo nei i nā māla mahiʻai, hauʻoli ka poʻe pua o nā mouflons hihiu e ʻahaʻaina i ka palaoa (a me nā mea ʻai ʻē aʻe), e luku ana i nā mea ulu e ulu ana.
Hoʻokomo pū ka papaʻaina mouflon i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe:
- sedge a me ka mauʻu hulu;
- nā hua a me nā lau;
- limu a limu;
- fescue a me ka palaoa.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻāʻo nā hipa kāne e hānai i nā wahi hau ʻole, kahi e ʻoi aku ai ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mauʻu maloʻo, a i ʻole nā hoves aʻa ma lalo o ka hau a me ka hau. ʻAʻole makemake lākou i ka hana hope loa, no laila ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā mouflons e kuapo i nā lālā lahilahi a i ʻole nā muʻu ma ka ʻili.
Hele lākou i ka lua wai i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā a i ka pō hoʻi, hoʻomaha lākou, a me nā kukuna mua o ka lā inu hou lākou a piʻi i nā kuahiwi. ʻIke ʻia nā Mouflons no ko lākou hiki ke kinai i ko lākou make wai me ka wai wale nō akā me ka wai paʻakai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka hapa nui o nā wahine i ka hopena o ʻOkakopa. Ma kahi o ka manawa like, hoʻomaka kahi lele mouflon nui, mai Nowemapa a i ka hapa mua o Dekemaba.
E hakakā no nā wahine
ʻAʻole makemake ka Mouflons i ke koko, a ʻoiai e hakakā ana no ka puʻuwai o kahi lede, ʻaʻole lākou e lawe i kēia mea i ka pepehi kanaka a i ʻole nā ʻeha koʻikoʻi, ka palena ʻana iā lākou iho i kahi hōʻike o ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea wale nō e hoʻoweliweli i nā duelists, ka mea e lilo i ko lākou makaʻala kūlohelohe i kahi stupor aloha, e hāʻule i loko o ka paʻa o kahi mea ʻino a lilo i pahu hopu holoholona.
I ka wā o ka rutting, mālama nā mouflons i nā pua bipi he 10-15 poʻo, kahi aia he mau kāne makua makua, ma waena o nā hakakā kūloko. Hoʻolahalaha nā hipa kāne ma kahi o 20 mau mika, a laila holo kekahi i kekahi, e hoʻokuʻi ana me nā pepeiaohao wili i mea e palahalaha ai ka leo mai ka hopena no 2-3 km.
Hoihoi. Hoʻopili pinepine nā Mouflons me ko lākou mau pepeiaohao, abut no kahi manawa lōʻihi a hāʻule kekahi manawa, e hoʻokuʻu ana i kahi ʻano o ke kaniʻuhū. Pau ka luhi, hoʻopau nā kāne i ka hakakā, hoʻomaka hou ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻomaha.
Akā, me ka nānā ʻole i nā hopena o ka hoʻokūkū, he kuleana ko nā hipa kāne a pau e uhi i nā wahine i ka wela, nā mea i lanakila (nā mea a kekahi e kipaku ʻole ai i nā holoholona) a me nā mea lanakila. Mālie nā wahine i ka wā estrus a nānā mālie i ka wehewehe ʻana o nā pilina ma waena o nā kāne.
ʻAe ka hoa i ke kino e like me ke ʻano o nā hipa kāne - me ka pākaha ʻana, hāhai ʻo ia i ka wahine me ka hoʻomau ʻole, e ʻānai ana i kona ʻāʻī ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka hoa a hoʻāʻo nei e uhi iā ia. Noho mau nā kāne i ka pipi i ka hopena o ke kau male ʻana, e hele pū ana me kā lākou wahine a hiki i ka puna.
ʻO ka hānau keiki a me nā keiki
Hānau kahi mouflon wahine (e like me kahi hipa kūloko) ma kahi o 5 mau mahina. Hānau ʻia nā keiki hipa mua loa i ka hopena o Malaki, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hānau hānau ʻana i ka hapa lua o ʻApelila a i ka hapa mua o Mei paha.
Ma mua iki o ka hānai ʻana, haʻalele ka wahine i ka pipi, e ʻike i nā wahi mehameha no ka hānau keiki ʻana i nā mea paʻa pōhaku a i ʻole nā awāwa. Hānau kahi hipa i nā keiki hipa ʻelua, kākaʻikahi wale nō, ʻekolu, a ʻehā paha. I ka manawa mua, kōkua ʻole nā keiki hipa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ukali i ko lākou makuahine, a inā ʻaʻole e holo lākou i kahi weliweli, akā peʻe.
I hoʻokahi pule a me ka hapa ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, loaʻa iā lākou ka ikaika i mea e hele aku ai me kā lākou makuahine i ka pipi a hana i kahi hou. Ke kāhea nei i ko lākou makuahine, ua kahe lākou e like me nā keiki hipa home. Hānai ka wahine iā lākou me ka waiū a hiki i Kepakemapa / ʻOkakopa, e hele mālie (mai kahi o 1 mau mahina) e aʻo iā lākou e ʻuwī i ka mauʻu hou.
ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi mouflon makahiki hoʻokahi i ka 30% o ka nui o ke kanaka makua, a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 2/3 o ka ulu o ka hope. Hiki i ka ulu ʻōpio ke ulu piha e 4-5 mau makahiki, akā hoʻomau i ka ulu ʻana i ka lōʻihi a loaʻa ke kaumaha a hiki i 7 mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole ala aʻe nā hana hānau o nā mouflons ma mua o 2-4 mau makahiki, akā ʻaʻa ʻole nā kāne ʻōpio e hoʻokūkū me kā lākou mau hoa hele, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e komo i ka ʻimi moekolohe no ʻekolu mau makahiki hou aku.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hoʻoweliweli loa ʻo Mouflon ma muli o ka hoʻolohe maikaʻi, ʻike maka maikaʻi a me ke ʻano o ka ʻala (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka honi i ka laha ma mua o nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe). ʻO ka makaʻu a makaʻala hoʻi he wahine me nā keiki.
Hoihoi. Mālama ʻia ka hana kiaʻi i loko o ka ʻohana ʻaʻole wale e ke alakaʻi wale nō, akā e nā kāne makua ʻē aʻe, e hoʻololi mau ana kekahi i kekahi.
Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia, kani ke kiaʻi e like me "cue ... k". Lohe ʻia kekahi mea e like me "toh-toh" ke holo aku nā hipa kāne, alakaʻi ʻia e ke alakaʻi, mai kahi weliweli. Holo nā wahine me nā keiki hipa ma hope ona, a pani nā kāne ʻelemakule i ka pā, kū lākou a nānā a puni.
ʻIʻike ʻia nā mea ʻino terrestrial he ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka mouflon:
- ʻīlio hae;
- lynx;
- wolverine;
- leopadi;
- ʻalopeke (ʻoi aku no nā holoholona ʻōpio).
Wahi a nā mea ʻike maka ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokokoke aku i ka mouflon ma kahi o 300 mau ʻanuʻu mai ka ʻaoʻao leeward mai. ʻOiai me ka ʻike ʻole i ka poʻe, honi ka holoholona iā lākou ma nā ʻanuʻu he 300-400. Kipaku ʻia e ka hoihoi, kahi mouflon i kekahi manawa e ʻae i kahi kanaka i 200 kapuaʻi ke hele ʻole ʻo ia e hōʻike i ka huhū a me ke ʻano mālie.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
He mea waiwai nui ʻo Mouflon no nā mea ʻimi holoholona (ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea ʻai holoholona) ma muli o kāna ʻono, ʻoiai he ʻano ʻiʻo ʻano ʻeha, ʻili mānoanoa, hulu hoʻoilo nani a, ʻoiai, he mau pepeiaohao wili kaumaha. Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, ʻo ia nā pepeiaohao i lilo i kumu nui no ka luku ʻia ʻana o 30% o ka nui o nā holoholona.
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāpana mouflon ʻo Ovis orientalis (mouflon ʻEulopa) i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka IUCN Red List. Ke emi nei ka heluna kanaka o ka honua, e hoʻoweliweli ana iā Ovis orientalis. Hoʻohuli maikaʻi ʻole nā mea i ka mālama ʻana o ka heluna mouflon:
- luku ʻia o ka nohona;
- ka maloʻo a me ka hoʻoilo nui;
- hoʻokūkū me nā holoholona no ka hānai / wai;
- nā hakakā pūʻali koa i nā wahi noho;
- ʻaihue ʻana.
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Ovis orientalis ma ka CITES Appendix I (ma lalo o nā inoa O. orientalis ophion a me O. vignei vignei) ma ka Appendix II (ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Ovis vignei).
I Afghanistan, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Ovis orientalis i ka papa inoa mua (hana ʻia i ka makahiki 2009) o nā lāhui i pale ʻia e ka mokuʻāina, ʻo ia hoʻi ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona a me ke kālepa ʻana i nā mouflons i loko o ka ʻāina.
I kēia lā, pale ʻia ka mouflon mauna Transcaucasian i ka Ordubad National Park (Azerbaijan) a ma ka Khosrov Nature Reserve (Armenia). Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana i nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula a Azerbaijan a me Armenia. Eia hou, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kahu hānai no ka hānai ʻana i nā hipa Transcaucasian ma Armenia, a ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana iā lākou mai ka makahiki 1936.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala ka Zoological Institute of Armenia i kahi papahana no ka mālama ʻana i ka pio. Ua hāpai nā ʻepekema i kekahi mau manaʻo.
- i kahi manawa pōkole, e hoʻoholo i ke kūlana o nā laha (me ka helu pono ʻana o nā holoholona);
- e hoʻonui i ka mālama Khosrov ma ka lilo o nā ʻāina i hāʻawi ʻia i nā hipa;
- e hāʻawi i ka Ordubad mālama mokuʻāina mea nui;
- hōʻemi / hoʻopau i nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻimi ʻawa;
- kāohi holoholona.
I ʻIrana, ʻo Ovis orientalis gmelinii (Armenian mouflon) ma lalo o ka mālama kūikawā o ka mokuʻāina. Noho nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā mea kōkua i 10 mau wahi i pale ʻia, 3 mau mālama holoholona lōhiu, a me ka Lake Urmia National Park.
Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa nā lehulehu hybrid kontroversial o ka mouflon Armenia ma nā paka ʻāina, nā wahi i pale ʻia a i kekahi o nā mālama. Ma waena o nā palena o nā wahi i pale ʻia, kaohi paʻa ʻia ka hānai holoholona, a ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi manu ʻana (ma waho o kēia mau wahi) mai Kepakemapa a Pepeluali a me kahi laikini wale nō.
