ʻO ka moonihoawa maʻamau a pēlā pū nā nahesa ʻōiwi a pau o Moscow a me ka moku ʻo Moskoa, koe wale no ka ʻāpana keleawe, "hāʻawi ʻia" kuhihewa ʻia i ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow.
Nahesa ʻawahia
ʻO ka moʻo kipi maʻamau, ʻo ia he moʻo kipi kipi, a i ʻole he lua ahi, ʻo ia wale nō ka nahesa ʻawahia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow. Ua huki ʻia i nā nahesa ʻē aʻe o ka honua me kāna ʻāpana o ka wahi, aia ka hapanui ma Russia.
Pehea ke ʻano o ka viper
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ka nahesa e kahi poʻo triangular-ʻano poʻo a me kahi kino lahilahi me kahi huelo pōkole (i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka nahesa,) a me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kiko kukui ma ke poʻo. Piʻi ka viper maʻamau a hiki i 70 knm. Ua pena ʻia nā kolo kolo makua i ka hina, hina hina, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻoliva a i ʻole brick me kahi ʻano zigzag ʻike ʻia ma ka pali.
ʻO ke ala maʻalahi e huikau me ka nahesa he viper melanistic, nona ka pōʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele unahi me ka ʻole o kahi zigzag ʻano ma ke kua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoluʻolu ke nānā aku o ka ʻili o ka moonihoawa (no ka ʻili liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia pālākiō), a ʻoluʻolu a hinuhinu ka ʻili o ka nahesa, keu hoʻi i ka lā.
Aia i hea kona hale
I ka pūnāwai, mālama kokoke nā moʻo niho i kā lākou wahi hoʻoilo, a he nui pinepine (a hiki i 2 tausani mau kānaka), no laila ke kihi liʻiliʻi nei i kekahi manawa me nā nahesa. ʻAʻole makemake nā Fireflies i kahi ākea / ululāʻau ākea a koi ʻia ma laila, e ukali nei i ke ala. Ke noho nei lākou i ka nahele, nānā lākou i kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa kahi e hiki ai ke komo i loko o nā kukuna o ka lā puna.
Akā ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā moonihoawa e noho i ka pō i nā hale hilinaʻi, no ka laʻana, i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia a i ʻole lāʻau make. Ma hope o ka molting a me ka moʻo ʻana, kolo nā vipers: neʻe nā wahine i 0.8 km, kāne - a 11 km. I ka hāʻule, hoʻi nā moʻo i nā wahi a lākou i hibernated ai.
ʻOihana Viper
ʻ speaklelo nā Herpetologists i ʻelua mau piko o ka hana. Hoʻomaka ka mea mua i ka hapalua hola ma mua o ka wanaʻao, ke kolo nā moonihoawa i loko o ka mālamalama, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke pulu i nā kukuna o ka puka ʻana o ka lā. Pau ka lā ma kahi o ka hola 9, a kolo nā ʻāpana wela i loko o kā lākou mau hale.
Kū ka lua o ka piko o ka hana ma hope o 4 pm a mau nō a hiki i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. I kekahi manawa ua loaʻa nā lapalapa ma waho o nā hale malumalu a ma 22:00. ʻAʻole haʻalele kekahi mea kolo i nā wahi hāmama i ke awakea: ke momona nei lākou i nā moʻo e nānā pono ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai.
Nahesa nahenahe
I nā wahi kaiāulu, loaʻa wale nā ʻano lāʻau ʻona ʻole - kahi ʻano maʻamau. He mau biotopes ʻokoʻa ka nahesa a me ka moonihoawa. Noho ka mea mua ma kahi kokoke i nā kahawai a me nā loko, ʻo ka lua - ma nā lihi o nā kahawai a i nā wahi aniani. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Copperhead (e pili ana i kahi kokoke iā Moscow) ma ka hema o ka moku ʻo Tula.
Ano maʻamau
Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia ia e nā māka mālamalama ma ke poʻo, ʻaʻole melemele mau i kekahi manawa, a i kekahi manawa keʻokeʻo, ʻākala, ʻalani a me ka hina hina. Uhi ʻia me nā unahi ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha a ulu i kahi kūlana makua a hiki i 1-2.5 mau mika, a ʻokoʻa nā wahine i ko lākou lōʻihi pāpā.
Inā hina hina nā kiko ma ke poʻo, hui pū lākou me ke kala laulā o ke kino, ʻo ia ke kumu e huikau ai ka nahesa me ka viper. E hoʻomanaʻo he ʻoi aku ka lahilahi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka pahū ahi, a he poʻo hāiki (ʻaʻole triangular) ke poʻo.
ʻO ka wikiwiki, a ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia, wili ʻia ia, wili ʻia i kahi pōpō paʻa. Hoʻohālikelike pinepine ʻo ia ua make inā manaʻo ʻo ia ʻaʻole i hala ka pōʻino, ʻoiai e hoʻokuʻu ana i kahi mea ʻino, e like me ke kālika, ʻaʻala.
ʻO Medyanka
E like me ka herpetologists assure, kēia nahesa (a i 0.6-0.7 m ka nui), ʻaʻole makaʻu ia no nā kānaka, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma ka moku ʻo Moscow mai kahi ʻohana haiki e like me ka ʻohana. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Copperhead ma ke ʻano he mau moʻo wāwae wāwae ʻole a i ʻole nā moʻo ʻē aʻe.
ʻOkoʻa ʻo Copperhead mai nā moʻo ʻEulopa ʻē aʻe e kahi haumāna pōʻai a me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e hele ana i ka maka. Hoʻohui ʻia, kiko ʻia ke kua o ke keleawe me nā kiko (nāwaliwali a hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia), e holo ana i nā lālani 2-4 a hana i nā kaha i kekahi manawa.
Ma ke kua o ke poʻo 2 mau kiko ʻeleʻele "pālahalaha", a pena ʻia ke kua i nā aka mai ka hina a i ka melemele-ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka brick. Aia kekahi mau kānaka pouli loa, a me nā coppers me ka melanism (ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele).
Inā ʻoe i hālāwai me ka nahesa
Kūpono nā kamaʻāina o Moscow a me ka ʻāina i ulu nui nā mea kolo kolohe i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Eia nō naʻe, ʻōlelo ʻo Herpetologists i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe - ke emi nei ka lehulehu o nā nahesa ma ka moku ʻo Moskowa, i kumu ʻia e ka hoʻomohala dacha ikaika.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. No nā māla māhele lākou e puʻunaue nei i nā ʻāina kūpono ʻole no ka mahiʻai, ʻo ia wale nō kahi e maʻa ai nā ʻāpala - he mau puʻu sphagnum a me nā ulu lāʻau hui.
Ma ʻaneʻi e kua ʻia nā kumulāʻau, kūkulu ʻia nā hale, kau ʻia nā alanui, kaohi i nā mea kolo mai ko lākou mau wahi noho. ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha, e lilo ana nā moʻo i mea maʻamau. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, kū kēia i ka wā e pili ai nā wahi: ʻo ka lihi o ka ululāʻau kahi poho, kahi wahi mows ma lalo o ka laina hoʻoili uila ka palena o ka ululāʻau, kahi ʻōpala mea kanu i ʻōpala i ka ʻāina.
Nā wahi nahesa o ka moku ʻo Moscow
ʻO kēia ʻaoʻao Volokolamsk a me Savelovskoe, eia naʻe, kokoke i Volokolamsk, ua luku maoli ʻia ka viper, akā loaʻa ia ma kahi kokoke iā Dmitrov a me Iksha. Ua ola nā puʻuwai he nui kokoke i Dubna a me Taldom.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka nui o nā moʻo waiwa ma ke ala ʻo Savelovsky, ma kahi kokoke i Konakov a me Verbilki. ʻIke ʻia nā ahi he nui ma ka moku ʻo Dmitrovsky a ma ke ʻaoʻao Shatursky ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā moʻo kipi ma Khimki, Bitsevsky Park, Troparevo, kokoke i ke kahawai i kapa ʻia ma hope. ʻO Moscow a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kapikala / ʻāpana.
Ma nā wahi kaiāulu, aia nā wahi kahi i aʻo ai ka poʻe kamaʻāina e noho pū me nā moonihoawa. ʻIke ka mea mua i kahi "patch" (waiwai i nā rodents a me nā rana) i koho ʻia e ka lua, a hoʻāʻo ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia iā lākou ma laila.
ʻO Viper i ka wai
ʻAʻau, a maikaʻi nō naʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makemake e like me kāna hana, akā ʻauʻau ʻo ia ma kēlā kapa o kahi muliwai liʻiliʻi me ka pilikia ʻole. No ka mea he mea malihini ka wai no ka nahesa, ke hālāwai ia me ke kanaka, e hoʻāʻo ka viper e pakele, ʻaʻole hoʻouka. Eia kekahi, e hoʻouka, pono iā ia i kahi kūlana a me ke kākoʻo paʻa e hoʻolei i mua.
Nānā. ʻOiai, hiki i ka viper ke nahu i ka wai, akā ke hoʻāʻo ʻoe e lālau me kou lima.
Ka hana i ka nahele
ʻAno wiwo ʻole ka Swamp Viper ʻaʻole loa e hoʻouka mua ke ʻole ke hehi ʻia. Ke hoʻomaopopo nei i kahi kanaka, e hāhai ʻo ia iā ia a holo i kahi wā hiki loa. Hele wikiwiki ka nahesa wela i ʻike ʻoe i ka lulululi ʻana o ka mauʻu wale nō.
Ke hele nei i ka nahele, ʻaʻahu i nā kāmaʻa paʻa (nā kāmaʻa, nā kāmaʻa kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā sneakers), ʻaʻole e nahu ʻia e nā niho o ka ʻona e hiki ana i 4-5 mm. Ma mua o ka hehi ʻana i ka mauʻu, wiggle iki me kahi lāʻau. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā e hoʻokuʻi ai nā mea hōʻiliʻili iā lākou iho i ka nahesa me ka lāʻau, a laila haʻi ʻia i nā kaʻao e pili ana i ka lele ʻana o nā ʻāpala i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu kanaka.
ʻAʻole ʻike ka viper pehea e lele ai i 1.5 mau mika. ʻO ka nui loa i lanakila ai ʻo ia ma kahi lele o 10-15 cm.
ʻAʻole holo wale nā moʻo wīwī hāpai, no ka paʻakikī o ke kūlana "hoihoi". ʻAʻole hiki i ka wahine ma ke kaʻe ke nalowale koke, no laila ʻo ia e hiss, e ʻōwili i ka pōpō, a e hoʻāʻo e pale iā ia iho. Kūkā ka poʻe Herpetologists ʻaʻole e hoʻopā a hahau paha i ka nahesa wahaheʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia e alualu i kahi kanaka.
Inā nahu ka nahesa
I nā ululāʻau, hiki i kēlā mau mea ke hele i kēlā me kēia manawa, akā ke makemake wale lākou e kiʻi i ka viper, e pāʻani me ia, a i ʻole noho hewa / e hehi ma luna o ka nahesa. ʻO ka mea nui e hōʻoia hou iā ʻoe ʻo ka make ʻana mai nā nahu viper he haʻahaʻa loa.
ʻAha maʻi ʻaʻai
Pili ka make ʻana i ka nahu me ka haʻalulu anaphylactic, kahi e pehu ai nā membrane mucous o ka nasopharynx / waha i loko o ʻelua mau minuke, a make ke kanaka. ʻO ka lāʻau make o ka wiper swiper kahi protein, kahi a nā poʻe āpau e ʻokoʻa ai: ʻae kekahi i ka ʻona ʻona, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi.
Nānā. Inā ʻaʻohe mea āpau i ka lāʻau make, e kū pono ke kino iā ia iho: ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o nā mea o ka ʻāpala e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka make o kahi makua olakino.
ʻO nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio e hoʻōla mau i ka pule, nā kāne i 3-4 mau lā. E koi ʻia kahi kipa koʻikoʻi i ka haukapila inā, i loko o hoʻokahi hola ma hope o ka nahu ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻōuli penei:
- ʻeha poʻo poʻo;
- pāhoehoe a me ka luaʻi;
- kulu koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi;
- kahe ana ke kahe mai nā membrane mucous;
- nalo / ʻōpua o ka ʻike;
- haʻi ʻia ka pehu o ka maka;
- ʻike i ke kukui uila i nā maka.
ʻO Antihistamines, lawe akahele ʻia me lākou i ka nahele - tavegil, suprastin, citrine, claritin a i ʻole pipolfen, e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā hopena koʻikoʻi. Paipai nā moʻo nahesa i diphenhydramine, a he hopena sedative ikaika kāna: ʻaʻole hoʻomaha wale kēia mau pila, akā hōʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ka ʻeha.
Ke omo nei i ka mea make
ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa ka manaʻo, akā pono mai ka manaʻo o ka psychology, ʻoiai ke neʻe nei mai ka hana keaka o nā mea e hana nei. Ma ke ala, inā makemake maoli ʻoe e omo i ka lāʻau make, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā ʻole i nā ulcer / ʻeha i ka waha waha (ʻaʻole ka protein i hamo e komo koke i ka ʻili).
Hoihoi. I ka Legion Palani, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea ka syringe maʻalea me ka mea e omo ai i ka lāʻau make. Wahi a nā helu - ma kahi o 10-15% o ka lāʻau make.
Poina ka Palani i ka ʻawa o ka nahesa i loko o ka hyaluronidase, kahi enzyme e lawe koke i ka toxin mai ka wahi nahu. ʻO nā hana ʻē aʻe pono ʻole e pili ana i nā ʻoki a me ka cauterization o ka pūnaewele nahu, a me ka hana ʻana me ia me nā kemika e like me ka potassium permanganate. Hiki i nā hana kūpono ʻole ke alakaʻi i ke ola a hiki i ka ʻoki ʻana.
ʻAʻohe pale kaua
ʻO kekahi o nā enzymes o ka lāʻau ʻona viper maʻamau e alakaʻi aku ai i ka necrosis iʻa. Ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi pāʻani, piʻi ka likelihood o nekrosis, hoʻomaka ka gangrene, a he mea pono pinepine e ʻokiʻoki i ka lālā i kau ʻia ai ka hoʻokūkū.
Hōʻike ka ʻike ma hope o ka nahu ʻana he pono ia e "hana" ka meaola holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole wale ka ʻāpana i nahu ʻia e ka nahesa, ʻoiai e ana ʻia ka ʻona e ka nui o nā lāʻau make i kēlā me kēia kilokilo o kou kaumaha. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi inā e lūlū ʻia ka lāʻau make i loko o ke kino - ma kēia ʻano e holo wikiwiki ai ka lāʻau make, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia ia.
Neʻe
Paipai ʻia ka poʻe i nahu ʻia e nā moʻo kipi e neʻe ikaika ma hope o ka nahu ʻana, a i ʻole ma ka ikaika e hoʻomohala i ka lālā i hoʻopilikia ʻia. No laila, inā ua paʻi ka nahesa i ka lima, hiki iā ʻoe ke kaomi / wehe i kou mau manamana lima (me he mea lā e lawe ana ʻoe i ke koko mai kahi aa koko).
Pehu paha ka lima, ʻike ʻia ka puʻupuʻu, akā ma hope o ʻelua mau hola e ʻike ʻoe i ka ʻumeʻume hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui ʻia - he hōʻailona ia e hakakā ana ke kino, a ke emi nei ka ʻona. Ma hope o kekahi mau hola ʻehā, e hoʻomaka ke emi o ka tumo i loko o ke kanaka olakino.
ʻO kekahi manawa ka pehu, me ka ʻeha palpable, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia ka mea paʻakikī e hiamoe pono. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka lima nahu e kōkua ia e hōʻoluʻolu i ka ʻeha - hoʻonoho ʻia iā 15-20 knm ma luna o ka puʻuwai, e kahe ana i nā uluna. Inā kau i kou lima i lalo, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka cider ʻeha.
ʻAlekohola a me ka wai
Lawe nā mākaʻikaʻi mākaukau i ka nahele ... ka waina maloʻo a me ka vodka. Kūlike ʻole i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a nā kauka, hoʻomāmā ka ʻalekohola i nā hopena koʻikoʻi o ka nahu. Hoʻohui ʻia ka waina i ka wai i mea e disinfect inā pono ʻoe e ʻohiʻohi ia mai kahi waihona kūloko. ʻAlekohola a i ʻole vodka (50-70 ml) hana ma ke ʻano he vasodilator. A maʻaneʻi he mea nui ʻaʻole e hoʻonui iā ia me ka lāʻau, i ʻole e nalo me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Nānā. Hoʻopau ʻia nā toxins ma o nā puʻupaʻa, no laila pono ʻoe e inu i ka nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā wai diuretic.
I ka nahele, he mea maikaʻi e hana i ke kī me nā lau lingonberry a i ʻole lawe pū me ʻoe i kahi diuretic brewed i kahi thermos. Inā ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka ʻona a neʻe aku ʻoe mai ia mea ma ka home, e ʻai i ka ʻāpala, inu pia a me kope.
ʻAlaʻi
Pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo 2 e pili ana i ka antidote:
- ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka maʻi maʻi serum ma mua o ka lāʻau make;
- pono e injected ka serum e nā kauka.
Koi ʻia lākou e hana i kahi ʻoki hoʻokolohua e nānā i ka hopena, a laila wale nō (i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻulaʻula) hoʻopili i ka serum i ka nui kūpono. Lawe ʻia ka antidote ma lalo subcutaneously, akā ʻaʻole koke, akā ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka kahua nahu ʻewalu a ʻumi mau manawa. A hoʻokahi mea hou aʻe - pāpā ʻia ʻaʻole e hoʻohana i ka serum i hana ʻia mai ka wai ona o nā moʻo ʻē aʻe e kūʻē i ka lāʻau make o ka viper.
