Ma Siberia, kapa ʻia kēia iʻa ʻo ka pike ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻololi ka taimen makua i kona kala hina hina i ulaʻula keleawe.
Ka wehewehe o ka taimen
ʻO Hucho taimen - taimen, a i ʻole taimen maʻamau (i kapa ʻia ʻo Siberian) no ka genus genus o taimen mai ka ʻohana salmon a manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea nui nui o ka hope. Nānā mahalo ʻo Siberians iā taimen ma ke ʻano he tiger muliwai, krasul a me iʻa tsar.
Helehelena
He wīwī, puʻupuʻu kino ke kino o ka taiberia Siberia, elongated, e like me ka iʻa predatory, a uhi ʻia me nā unahi silila liʻiliʻi. ʻIke ʻia nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma luna o ke poʻo, a kaulike ʻole, poepoe a ʻano X paha i nā ʻaoʻao. Pālahalaha iki ke poʻo ma luna / ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua a no laila ʻano like me ka pike. Lawe ka waha ākea o ka taimen i ka hapalua o ke poʻo, e hāmama kokoke ana i nā ʻoloka. Hoʻohui ʻia nā iwi ā me nā niho ʻoi loa, i loko i ʻō i ʻō i ʻō i ulu i nā lālani he nui.
Mahalo i ka dorsal ākea, pelvic a me nā wili anal, hoʻoneʻe kokoke i ka hiʻu, ʻauʻau ka taimen a me nā maneuvers me ka wikiwiki.
Hinahina nā pectoral a me nā dorsal fins i ke kala, ʻulaʻula mau ka fin anal a me ka huelo. Loaʻa nā ʻōiwi transverse i ka ʻōpio, a ma ke ʻano nui, pili ke kala o ka taimen i kahi e noho ai ia. ʻO ke kukui, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo ʻōpū a me ke ʻano o ka mottling ma nā ʻaoʻao / kua e noho loli ʻole, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ke kino holoʻokoʻa, hoʻololi i ka ʻāina, ʻokoʻa mai ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hina a ʻulaʻula hoʻi. I ka wā hānau, huli ka taimen i keleawe-ʻulaʻula, hoʻi i kona kala maʻamau ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Ka nui o ka iʻa
I ka makahiki 6-7 (makahiki momona), kau ka taimen maʻamau mai 2 a 4 kg me ke kiʻekiʻe o 62-71 knm. ʻO ka taimen ʻoi aku ka nui, kāhāhā nui i kona nui. Hoʻopaʻa pinepine nā lawaiʻa i nā iʻa mika ʻelua mika, e hohola ana i 60-80 kg: i ka muliwai ʻo Lena (Yakutia) ua hopu lākou i kahi taimen 2.08 m ka lōʻihi.
Akā ʻaʻole kēia ka palena, wahi a Konstantin Andreevich Gipp, ka mea i hana no kekahi mau makahiki i ka ʻākau loa ma hope o ke kaua a paʻa i kona lima he 2.5-2.7 m ka lōʻihi.
"Ua paʻi kiʻi wau me ia ma kahi moku i kau ʻia i kahakai, ua hāpai ʻia ke kakaka ma kahi o kahi mika ma luna o ka honua. Ua paʻa wau i ka taimen ma lalo o nā gills, a hiki kona poʻo i kuʻu ʻūlū, a wili ka huelo ma ka honua, ”kākau ʻo Gipp.
Ua lohe pinepine ʻo ia mai nā kamaʻāina kūloko e pili ana i ka taimen ma mua o 3 m ka lōʻihi, a ʻike ʻo ia iā ia iho (ʻoiai e holo ana ma luna o ka moku ma mua o ke kai) he mau taimen e moe ana ma kahi o ka Yakut dugouts. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia taimen ma mua o ka dugout, wahi a Gipp, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke emi ma lalo o 3 mika.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO ka taimen maʻamau kahi ʻano noho e noho mau i ke kino o ka wai (kahawai wikiwiki a i ʻole loko). He iʻa muliwai kēia e makemake i nā wai maʻemaʻe, ea a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi, e ʻau i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi i ke kauwela, e waiho ana no ka hoʻoilo i nā moena o nā kahawai nui a me nā loko. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano anadromous, mālama ka taimen Siberian i nā lua hohonu kokoke i ke kahakai.
I ke ao, hoʻomaha ka mea ʻino i ka malu o nā lāʻau i kūlou ma luna o ka wai, e waiho ana i ka pō ma kahi pāpaʻu me kahi au wikiwiki. I ka piʻi ʻana o ka lā, hoʻomaka ka taimen e pāʻani i nā ʻūlū - e pīpī, e ʻimi nei i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaha ʻo Taimen i ka wai hohonu, kū ma lalo o ka hau a i kekahi manawa e luʻu ana i luna e "ale" i ka oxygen.
E like me ka hōʻoia o ka poʻe ʻike maka, hiki i ka taimen Siberian ke kani nui, a lawe ʻia kēia kani no kekahi mau mika.
ʻO ka hana o ka taimen i ke kauwela-kauwela ke kumu o nā fluctuations a aia i kona piko i ka hopena o ka spawning (i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela). Me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka wela a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka wai, lilo ka taimen i mea lethargic, a ua wehewehe ʻia hoʻi e ka loli ʻeha o nā niho. Mālama ʻia ka ala hou i ka hopena o ʻAukake, a ma Kepakemapa hoʻi, hoʻomaka ke kauwela zhor, kahi e mau ai a hiki i ka hau.
Hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe ʻIchthyologists no ka lawa ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka taimen i nā kahawai. ʻIke ʻia i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa haʻalele lākou i nā kahua e hoʻomoana ai i mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻokūkū meaʻai me nā ʻōpio e hōʻike ana i ka teritori. I ka wā ʻōpio (mai 2 a 7 mau makahiki), ʻaʻohe teritori ʻo Siberian taimen a nalowale i nā hipa he mau kakini, e neʻe nei mai nā taimen nui. I ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hana hānau, "hoʻomanaʻo" ʻo taimen e pili ana i ka ʻāina a noho hope i kahi papa pilikino, kahi a lākou e noho ai a hiki i ka hopena o ko lākou ola.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai ka taimen
Manaʻo ʻia he ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka taimen ma mua o nā salmonid āpau a hiki ke hoʻolauleʻa i ka piha o ka hapalua kenekulia. He mea maopopo he hiki ke mālama ʻia nā moʻolelo lōʻihi me ka meaʻai maikaʻi a me nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻē aʻe.
Hoihoi. I ka 1944 i ka Yenisei (kokoke i Krasnoyarsk) ua ʻeli ʻia ka taimen kahiko loa, nona ka makahiki i koho ʻia ma 55 mau makahiki.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau hihia no ka hopu ʻana i ka taimen, nona ka makahiki ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki. Ma ka awelika, ʻo ke ola o ka Siberian taimen, e like me ka helu ʻana o nā ichthyologists, he 20 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Loaʻa nā taimen maʻamau i nā kahawai Siberian āpau - Yenisei, Ob, Pyasina, Anabar, Khatanga, Olenek, Omolon, Lena, Khroma a me Yana. ʻO nā ola ma nā kahawai Uda a me Tugur e kahe ana i ke kai o Okhotsk, ma ke kahawai ʻo Amur (nā kahawai hema a me nā ʻākau ʻākau), ma nā kīʻaha ʻo Ussuri a me Sungari, ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o nā kahawai (e like me Onon, Argun, Shilka, nā wahi haʻahaʻa o Ingoda a me Nerchu), a me nā kahawai, e kahe ana i ka lua wai ʻo Amur. Noho ʻo Taimen i nā loko:
- Zekana;
- Baikal;
- Teletskoe.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Taimen i ka muliwai. Sob (tributary of the Ob), i nā kahawai ʻo Khadytayakha a me Seyakha (Yamal). I ka manawa i noho ʻia i ke kīʻaha o ka Urals luna a me nā lālā o ka Volga waena, a ma mua o ke ʻano o nā wai i komo i ka Volga mai Kama, e iho ana i Stavropol.
Hiki i ka palena komohana o ka wahi i nā kīʻaha ʻo Kama, Pechora a me Vyatka. I kēia manawa ma ke kahawai ʻo Pechora ʻaneʻane loaʻa ʻole ia, akā loaʻa ia i nā kuahiwi kuahiwi (Shchugor, Ilych a me Usa).
I Mongolia, noho ka taimen maʻamau i nā kahawai nui o ke kahawai Selenga (ʻoi aku ma Orkhon a me Tula), i nā waihona wai o ka moku ʻo Khubsugul a me ke kahawai Darkhat, a me nā kahawai hikina ʻo Kerulen, Onon, Khalkhin-Gol a me Lake Buir-Nur. Ma ka moku ʻo Kina, noho ka taimen i nā kahawai o ka Amur (Sungari a me Ussuri).
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka taimen maʻamau
ʻAi ʻo Taimen i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai i ka hoʻoilo, wī e like me ka nui o nā iʻa i ka wā e hānau ai. Hāʻawi ka post-spawning June zhor i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kauwela a laila i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka wā, e ulu ana ka taimen me ka momona. Mālama ka papa momona i ke ola o nā iʻa i ka hoʻoilo, ke hiki ʻole ka lako o ka meaʻai.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kino o ka wai, iʻa iʻa, ʻāpau a i ʻole iʻa hina i lilo i kumu o ka papaʻai. ʻAi nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio i nā invertebrates, me nā ʻelala caddis. Hoʻāʻo ʻo Underyearlings e ʻimi i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, e hoʻololi loa i ka papa inoa iʻa mai ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā taimen maʻamau he ʻano iʻa like ʻole, me nā ʻano aʻe:
- gudgeon and chebak;
- awaawa a minnow;
- Roach a dace;
- iʻa keʻokeʻo a me perch;
- hina hina a me burbot;
- lenok a me sculpin.
Hana hewa ʻo Taimenes me ka cannibalism, e ʻai mau nei i kā lākou keiki ponoʻī. Inā pololi ka taimen, hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i ka rana, ka moa, ka ʻiole, ka ʻūlū (e ʻau ma kēlā kapa o ka muliwai) a ʻo nā moa wai wai makua hoʻi e like me nā gisa a me nā ʻāpō. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i loko o nā ʻōpū o ka taimen.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ka pūnāwai, piʻi aʻe ka taimen i nā kahawai, e komo ana i ko lākou wahi kiʻekiʻe a me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi e hana i laila. Kaha pinepine ka iʻa Tsar i nā pālua, akā i kekahi manawa ua ʻike iki ʻia ka nui o nā kāne (2-3). ʻEli ka wahine i kahi pūnana me ke anawaena o 1.5 a 10 m i ka ʻiliʻili pebble, e huaʻi ana i laila ke hele mai ke kāne. ʻO ka hū ʻana mahele ma kahi o 20 kekona, a ma hope e hoʻokuʻu ke kāne i ka waiū no ka momona o nā hua.
Hoihoi. Kanu pono ka wahine i nā hua me kāna huelo a paʻa i ka pūnana kokoke i ka pūnana no ʻekolu mau minuke, a ma hope e hana hou ʻia ka kahili ʻana a me ka momona.
ʻO ka taimen maʻamau, e like me ka nui o nā salmonid, ke waiho nei ma ka honua e hoʻomoʻa ai no kahi o 2 mau pule, e pale ana i kāna pūnana a me nā keiki e hiki mai ana. Hāʻawi ʻo Taimen i kēlā me kēia punawai, koe wale nō ka heluna o nā heluna ʻākau e hāpai ana i nā wā o ka makahiki. Nui ka caviar taimen maʻamau, ka mea maʻamau no nā salemona he nui, a piʻi i ka 0.6 cm ke anawaena. ʻO ka hatch mai nā hua manu ka mea e pili ana i ka mahana o ka wai, akā, ma ke ʻano he 28, 38 mau lā ma hope o ka hatching. No kekahi mau pule ʻē aʻe, aia nā larvae i ka honua, a ma hope e hoʻomaka lākou e noho i ke kolamu wai.
Noho kokoke nā ʻōpio e ulu nei i nā kahua hānau. No ka manawa lōʻihi a ʻaʻole makemake lākou i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano makua (a me ka momona) o ka taimen maʻamau ma muli o ka nui o kona mau makahiki e like me ke kaupaona, e hoʻopili ʻia e ka nui o ka hānai. Hōʻike ʻia nā hiki ke hoʻohua ke ulu ka iʻa i 55-60 cm, e loaʻa ana 1 kg (kāne) a i ʻole 2 kg (wahine). Hiki i kekahi taimen i nā ana e 2 mau makahiki, ʻo nā poʻe ʻaʻole i hala ma mua o 5-7 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Huli ʻia nā taimen ʻōpio e nā iʻa predatory nui, me nā lālā o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī. Ke hele a lawaiʻa ka iʻa mōʻī, hāʻule maʻalahi ia i nā paʻa o nā bea, i hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he ʻenemi kūlohelohe wale nō ia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina e pili ana i ke kanaka nona ka lawehala ʻana e hōʻino ai i ka heluna kanaka o ka taimen maʻamau.
Waiwai kālepa
ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i kapa ʻia ka taimen maʻamau ka iʻa tsar, e hoʻokūkū ana i ka hanohano wale nō, akā i ka ʻono aristocratic o ka pulp palupalu a me ka helehelena aliʻi maoli o ka caviar. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka nui o ka pāpā ʻia ʻana o ka hana taimen pāʻoihana, hoʻomau ʻia kāna lawena kālepa a me nā leʻaleʻa leʻaleʻa ma Lūkia a me nā ʻāina ʻē (Kazakhstan, Kina a me Mongolia).
Nānā. Ma lalo o kahi laikini a i ʻole i nā wahi i kuhikuhi ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hopu i ka taimen ma kahi o 70-75 cm ka lōʻihi.
Wahi a nā lula, he lawaiʻa nāna i lawaiʻa i kahi taimen e koi ʻia e hoʻokuʻu iā ia, akā hiki ke kiʻi i kahi kiʻi me kāna pahu. ʻAe ʻia e lawe pū me ʻoe ma hoʻokahi wale nō kūlana - hōʻeha nui ka iʻa i ke kaʻina o ka hopu ʻana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Manaʻo ka International Union for Conservation of Nature i ka Hucho taimen he ʻano palupalu, e emi ana ma luna o ka hapa nui o kāna pae. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ʻo Siberian taimen i loko o ka Red Book o Russia a pale nui ʻia ia ma nā wahi he nui o ka Russian Federation. Wahi a ka IUCN, ua hoʻopau ʻia a hoʻemi ʻia nā heluna lehulehu o nā taimen maʻamau i 39 mai 57 mau ʻauwai muliwai: he mau heluna wale nō e noho nei i nā wahi mamao e manaʻo ʻia he kūmau.
Mea nui. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o nā kīʻaha muliwai o ka Russian Federation, he poʻe lehulehu ka taimen me kahi pae o ka makaʻu, akā me kahi kiʻekiʻe - ma nā kahawai Lūkia āpau ma ke komohana o nā Ural Mountains.
ʻOiai ka nele o nā kikoʻī kikoʻī i ka helu o ka taimen, ʻike ʻia ua aneane nalowale ia i loko o nā kīʻaha Pechora a me Kama, koe wale nō ʻo Kolva, Vishera, Belaya a me Chusovaya. Ua lilo ʻo Tsar-iʻa i mea laha ʻole i nā kahawai o nā pali hikina o ka Middle and Polar Urals, akā loaʻa pū ia ma Northern Sosva.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka laha ke:
- lawaiʻa haʻuki (kū kānāwai a kū ʻole i ke kānāwai);
- hoʻohaumia wai hoʻoneʻe hana;
- ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pani a me nā alanui;
- hoʻouku lepo;
- holoi i nā mea momona mai nā māla i nā kahawai;
- nā loli i ke ʻano wai ma muli o ke ahi a me ka hoʻomehana honua.
Paipai ka IUCN no ka mālama ʻana i nā laha, cryopreservation o nā genome a me ka hana hou ʻana i nā holoholona, ka hana ʻana i nā wahi wai i pale ʻia, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano lawaiʻa palekana (hoʻokahi lou, nā maunu hana a me ka paʻa ʻana o nā iʻa i hopu ʻia i ka wai).
