ʻO ka ruff maʻamau kekahi o nā iʻa iʻa maʻamau ma Rūsia, no ka ʻohana ruff o ka inoa like. ʻOi aku kēia mau ʻohana pili o perch e noho i nā kahawai a i ʻole nā loko me ka wai aniani a me ke one, ma lalo o ka pōhaku ʻole. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau iʻa ʻo ke kākalaioa kahi i hoʻolako ʻia ai kā lākou mau ʻanā dorsal a me nā uhi gill, a me kahi ʻano kolohe: hiki i nā ruffs ke hoʻouka i nā iʻa iʻa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou iho.
Hōʻike o ka ruff
ʻO ka ruff maʻamau kahi iʻa iʻa piha ʻia me ka wai piha i lawe ʻia mai ka ʻohana perch, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau o nā ʻano ʻehā e pili ana i ka genus of ruffs. Ua palahalaha ia i nā muliwai a me nā loko o ʻEulopa a me ka ʻākau o ʻAsia, kahi i loaʻa ai ma kahi o nā wahi āpau.
Helehelena
ʻO kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi me ke kino o ke kahawai i kaomi iki ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, a i ka huelo. ʻO ke poʻo o ka ruff ka nui, me nā maka nunui, kuhi a me nā kihi i hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia o ka waha haiki.
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā maka o kēia iʻa he ʻūlū mālie, akā aia paha kekahi mau aka ʻē aʻe, a hiki i ka bluish. ʻEleʻele ka haumāna, nui, poepoe.
Uhi ʻia ke kino me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole ia ma ke poʻo. heʻuʻuku ka huelo, forked.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o waho o kēia iʻa me nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho kūwaho e like me ke kū ʻana o nā ʻūlū, i pau i nā iwi operculum a me nā fins dorsal fused me nā ʻiwi ʻoʻoi.
Hoʻololi ke kala i ka nohona. ʻO ke ʻano o nā ruffs ka hope, pena ʻia i nā pale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻaoʻao melemele a me ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo paha. I ka manawa like, aia nā māka ʻeleʻele i ke ʻano o nā kiko liʻiliʻi a me nā kiko ma nā unahi, a ma nā ʻāpana dorsal a me nā ʻāpana caudal. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana pectoral a me ke ʻano ʻole o ke kala ʻole.
Hoihoi! ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke kala o nā Ruffs e noho nei i nā waihona wai me ka lalo o ke one ma mua o nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano e noho ana i nā kahawai a me nā loko me kahi kumu lepo.
Eia hou, aia kekahi mau morphotypes o ka ruff maʻamau, ʻokoʻa i ka hanana o ke kino. Ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano, e noho ana i nā wahi like ʻole o nā kahawai, a e noho kokoke ana i ke kapakai a alakaʻi i kahi nohona kokoke, aia he "lahilahi" a i ʻole, "kanaka kiʻekiʻe". ʻIke pū ʻia nā ʻokoʻa i ka helu o nā spines a me nā kukuna i nā dorsal fins a me ka helu o nā spines ma nā pā kani.
ʻAʻole hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i ka ruff maʻamau. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o nā kāne o kēia ʻano, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kino, ka lōʻihi o ka pectoral a me ka hapa kiʻekiʻe o nā lūlū dorsal, a me ka nui o nā maka, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine.
Ka nui o ka iʻa
Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā ruffs, ma ka awelika, he 8-12 cm. Akā i waena o kēia mau iʻa he nui aku ka nui o nā kānaka, nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 20 cm, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 100 mau a ʻoi aku paha, ʻoiai ka nui o ka nui maʻamau no iā lākou - 15-25 gram.
ʻO ka nohona Ruff
He mahalo ʻole ʻo Ruff i ke kaiapuni a hoʻopili maikaʻi i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole. Makemake ʻo ia e alakaʻi i kahi nohona gregarious a, ma ke ʻano he rula, pili kokoke i ka lalo o ka waihona wai, piʻi wale wale i luna i luna.
I ka wai pāpaʻu, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau iʻa i ke kau a me ka puna wale nō, no ka mea makemake lākou e noho i ka wai anuanu, a i nā pāpaʻu i ke kau mahana, wela loa ka wai, no laila ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu nā ruffs ma laila.
Hana nui lākou i ke ahiahi, ʻoiai ma kēia manawa o ka lā e hele maʻamau ai nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano e ʻimi i kahi pio. ʻO ka nohona o lalo o kēia mau iʻa ʻaʻole pili wale me ka ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaʻai kūpono no lākou i ka hohonu, akā me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole makemake nā ruffs i ke kukui ʻōlinolino a makemake i ka pouli. Hoʻoholo pū kēia i kā lākou maʻamau o ka noho ʻana ma lalo o nā snags, a ma kahi kokoke i nā pali kūpikipiki a ma lalo o nā alahaka.
Ua huki ʻia ka ruff mai ka hulu wai, e hohola ana i nā kākalaioa a ma ka manawa like ke nānā aku e like me ka pōpō spiny ma mua o kahi iʻa.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia mau iʻa e kahi ʻano moa, a inā hele ka ruff mai ka pale ʻana i kahi hoʻouka kaua, hana ʻo ia i kahi pike e hoʻi i hope.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai ka ruff
Aia ke ola o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano i kā lākou kāne. ʻIke ʻia e ola lōʻihi nā wahine - a hiki i nā makahiki 11, ʻoiai ke ola o nā kāne ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i 7-8 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka heluna kānaka ʻōpio, nona ka makahiki ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ʻekolu mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, wahi noho
Nui loa ka laulā o ka ruff maʻamau. No laila, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau iʻa i loko o nā waihona wai ma ka ʻākau a me ka hikina o Palani, ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Pelekane, i ke kahawai o nā kahawai e kahe ana i loko o ke kai Baletika, a ma nā ʻaoʻao waena a hikina hoʻi o ʻEulopa. Loaʻa kēia mau iʻa ma ka ʻākau o ʻAsia a ma ka Trans-Urals, kahi e noho ai a hiki i ke kahawai ʻo Kolyma. Mai ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia 20, hoʻomaka nā ruffs i nā kino wai ʻEulopa a ma waho o kā lākou pae maʻamau. Eia kekahi laʻana, ʻike ʻia lākou ma ka Scottish Loch Lomond, a me nā loko o Nolewai, ʻItalia a me ka pā Rhone ma ke kahakai Kaiwaenahonua o Palani.
Hoihoi! I nā makahiki 1980, ua kau ka ruff maʻamau i ka New World, ma ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi heluna kanaka mau o kēia laha. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe mea i manaʻo e lawe i nā ruffs i ʻAmelika ma ke kumu, no laila, i nā mea āpau, hiki wale kēia mau iʻa i laila, me ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā moku e like me ballast.
Ma muli o ka loli, ua laulaha kēia iʻa: hiki ke loaʻa ʻaʻole wale i nā waihona me ka hou, akā i nā loko me ka wai brackish. ʻO ka hohonu kahi e loaʻa ai nā ruffs mai 0.25 a i 85 mau mika, a me ka mahana o ka wai e ʻoluʻolu ai nā iʻa mai + 0-2 a +34.4 kekelē. Eia nō naʻe, ke piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka wai i + 20 kekelē, hele nā ʻūlū e ʻimi i kahi wahi anuanu a i ʻole, inā ʻaʻole hiki i kēia no kekahi kumu, lilo ka hana a lilo i mea palaualelo.
ʻO ka ʻoluʻolu loa, noho nā ruffs i nā kahawai mālie a me nā loko me nā mea palupalu ma mua o ka papa pōhaku, ʻoiai ke koho pinepine ʻana e like me nā wahi noho hohonu a uhi ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka wai kahi i nui ʻole nā mea kanu wai.
ʻO ka papaʻai o kahi ruff maʻamau
He iʻa predatory ia e hānai i nā meaola benthic, ka papaʻai o ia mau mea i ka makahiki. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka hua i kū mai nei mai nā hua manu e ʻai nui i nā rotifers, a, ke ulu nei, hānai i nā cyclops, daphnia, nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā worworms. ʻAi nā iʻa ʻōpio i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻenuhe a me nā lepe. Makemake nā mākua nunui e ʻai i ka ʻai a me ka iʻa liʻiliʻi. Ma muli o ka nui o ke aloha o nā ʻōpala, i ka hoʻonui ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi i ka nui o nā iʻa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e noho nei i ka waihona like me lākou.
I mea e alualu maikaʻi ai, ʻaʻole pono nā ruffs e ʻike maikaʻi, ʻoiai ke ʻimi nei lākou i kahi pio e makemake lākou e hoʻohana nui ʻole i ko lākou ʻike e like me ka laina laina - kahi ʻōnaehana manaʻo kūikawā, kahi e hopu ai kēia mau iʻa i nā fluctuations liʻiliʻi loa i ka wai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā Ruffs i ka makahiki 2-3, ʻoiai ka nui o ko lākou kino ma mua o 10-12 cm. Eia nō naʻe, i nā waihona me ka wai mehana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka make ma nā iʻa ʻōpio i kēia heluna kanaka. hiki i ka wā ʻōpio i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ke hana ma mua, i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi.
Ua kupu mai nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano mai ka hapalua o ʻApelila a i ka mua o Iune, ʻoiai ka mea nui o ka wai a me kona waikawa he mea nui ʻole iā lākou. Hana maikaʻi kope ʻia ʻo Ruffs ma +6 a me + 18 kekelē. Kau ʻia kēia mau iʻa i kahi hohonu o ka hohonu, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i 3 mau mika. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā ruffs ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano o nā substrates ma ke ʻano he wahi no ke kau ʻana.
I loko o hoʻokahi wā spawning, hiki i kahi wahine o kēia laha ke waiho a 2-3 paʻa, i loaʻa mau mai 10 a 200 tausani mau hua, ʻo ka nui o kēlā me kēia mea mai 0.34 a 1.3 mm. Hōʻike nā kānaka noiʻi aia ka nui o nā hua i ka makahiki a me ka nui o ka wahine, a ʻo ka nui ia, ʻo ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka caviar i ka lālau mua he melemele ia, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua manu ma mua o ka lua a ʻekolu paha.
Ma hope o 5-12 mau lā, kālua ʻia i nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia e ka wahine wahine, ʻo ka nui o nā pae mai 3.5 a 4.4 mm. I nā lā mua he 3-7 o ke ola, hana ʻole nā larva o kēia ʻano iʻa, akā mai kahi o hoʻokahi pule o ka makahiki e hoʻomaka ana ka ʻōpio ʻōpio e ʻauʻau a hānai. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia makahiki, ke alakaʻi nei ka palai i kahi nohona mehameha, a ʻaʻole hele hewa i nā kula, e like me ka iʻa oʻo.
ʻO ka nui o nā hua i loko o kahi paʻa o nā ruff maʻamau ma muli o ka ʻoi loa o ka make o ka fry i nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano: he mau manawa wale nō kekahi o nā iʻa ʻōpio e hiki ke ola i ke oʻo makua.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hua a me nā ʻōpio o kēia iʻa wai hou i hoʻomoe ʻia e nā wahine o nā ruff maʻamau e make no nā ʻano kumu like ʻole: ma muli o nā maʻi, ka loaʻa ʻole o ka meaʻai a me ka oxygen i ka hoʻoilo, a i luku ʻia paha e nā mea ʻino.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā ruffs maʻamau nā ʻano iʻa iʻa predatory, e like me ka pike a i ʻole ka pike perch, a me nā perches nui. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole pinepine pinepine, hiki ke luku i nā iʻa, nā puhi, burbot a me nā salemona. I kekahi manawa ma waena o nā ruffs maʻamau he mau hihia o ka cannibalism. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā manu lele, e like me nā cormorants a i ʻole nā herons, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i kēia ʻano iʻa, a me nā kingfisher a me nā ʻāpō liʻiliʻi, e like me ka laʻana, nā mergansers, no nā ʻōpio.
Waiwai kālepa
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻiʻo he iʻa momona loa ia, ʻaʻohe ona waiwai kalepa. Hoʻopaʻa wale ʻia nā kānaka o kēia laha e nā lawaiʻa amateur, i waena o lākou e manaʻo ʻia nei ka pepeiao i hana ʻia me ka mea ʻono.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma muli o ka nui o nā kānaka o kēia ʻano a me ka nui o kā lākou puʻunaue ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia i ka helu o nā ruffs kokoke i ka honua. Eia nō naʻe, maopopo leʻa ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia mau iʻa me ka luku ʻia. ʻO ia ke kumu i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka ruff maʻamau i ke kūlana mālama - "Species of Least Concern".
I ka nānā mua ʻana, me he iʻa lā lā ʻole ke ruff. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ia i ka ʻōlinolino o ke kala a, e like me ka nui o nā poʻe wai ʻē aʻe, uhi ʻia e ke kala o ka lalo. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā lunamaka o kēia laha e kahi ʻano kolohe loa a me ka voracity nui, i hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻokūkū kūleʻa me nā iʻa predatory ʻē aʻe. A ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ruffs maʻamau a me kā lākou unpretentiousness e ʻae iā lākou e noho i kahi ākea a hoʻomohala i nā ʻāina hou, e like me ka laʻana, ua hana ʻia me nā iʻa o kēia ʻano mai nā poʻe o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
