I Lūkia, ua kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka mea ʻaihue ke kai a i ʻole ka Kamana ʻo Beaver, i hōʻike ʻia i ka inoa mua o ke kai ʻo Bering, ma ke kahakai kahi i hoʻonohonoho ai ke kai otter i kāna mau lumi kai - ke kai ʻo Beaver.
Hōʻike o ke kai otter
ʻO Enhydra lutris (kai otter) he mau poʻo inoa i haʻi ʻole ʻia - ʻo ka mea nui loa ma waena o nā mustelid a me nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea momona wai kai. I ke kumu o ka huaʻōlelo "kalan", ʻike ʻia ke aʻa Koryak "kalaga", i unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano "holoholona". ʻOiai ʻo ka inoa inoa Lūkia kahiko (beaver kai), mamao loa ke kai otter mai ka beaver muliwai, akā kokoke i ka muliwai otter, ʻo ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai ka inoa waena "kai kai". ʻO nā ʻohana o ke kai otter pū kekahi me marten, mink, sable a me ferret.
ʻIke, nā ana
Hoʻoholo ʻia ka leʻaleʻa o ke kai otter e kona helehelena hoʻomākeʻaka, hoʻomāhuahua ʻia e kona aloha aloha pau ʻole. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kino silong elongated me kahi huelo o 1/3 kino, kahi ʻāʻī pōkole, mānoanoa a poʻo poʻo poepoe me nā maka aniani ʻeleʻele.
ʻAʻole nānā ka hope i mua (e like me nā sila a me nā otters), akā ʻaoʻao, e like me ka hapa nui o nā mea kū i ka ʻāina. Hōʻike nā meaolaola i kēia i ke ala e ʻimi ai ke kai otter, ʻaʻole i nui ka nānā ʻana i ka iʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā invertebrates, i loaʻa iā ia me ke kōkua o ka vibrissae protruding ākea ke manaʻo nei i ka lalo.
Ma ke poʻo maʻemaʻe, ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi me nā canal-slits canal, kahi (e like me nā puka ihu e like me nā puka ihu) pani ʻia i ka wā e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka holoholona i ka wai.
Hoʻololi ʻia nā forelimbs hoʻopōkole ʻia e paʻa i nā urchins kai, ka ipu punahele o ke kai otter: hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻeke mānoanoa e kahi ʻeke ʻeleʻele manoanoa, ma ʻō aku o nā manamana lima me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi loa e puka iki ana. Waiho ʻia nā lālā o hope, a ʻo nā kapuaʻi hoʻonui (kahi o ka manamana nui e kū nui ana) e like me nā flipera, kahi e ʻaʻahu ʻia ai nā manamana wāwae i kahi membrane ʻauʻau huluhulu i nā phalanges hope loa.
Mea nui. ʻO ke kai otter, ʻokoʻa i nā mustelid ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe ona anal, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e kaha i nā palena o kahi pilikino. ʻAʻohe o ka momona otter kai ka momona momona o ka subcutaneite, nona nā hana (palekana mai ke anuanu) i lawe ʻia e ka huluhulu nui.
ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka lauoho (ʻo ke kiaʻi a me ka downy), ma kahi o 2-3 cm i loko o ke kino, akā ulu nui ia ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka wai e hele i ka ʻili. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hulu hipa e like me ka plumage o ka manu, ma muli o ka mālama pono ʻana o ka ea, nona nā ʻōhū i ʻike ʻia i ka luʻu ʻana - lele lākou i luna, hoʻomālamalama i ke kai otter me kahi kukui silvery.
ʻO ka hoʻohaumia iki e alakaʻi i ka pulu ʻana o ka hulu, a laila i ka hypothermia a me ka make ʻana o ka predator. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha e palaki ʻo ia a palaki i kona lauoho i kēlā me kēia manawa ke noa ia mai ka hopu holoholona / hiamoe. ʻO ka leo maʻamau o ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele maʻamau, e hoʻomālamalama i ke poʻo a me ka umauma. ʻO ka nui o ke kai otter, ʻoi aku ka hina o ia, kahi uhi ʻāhinahina ʻano.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Mālama maʻalahi nā otters kai ʻaʻole wale kekahi, akā me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe (nā sila hulu a me nā liona kai), e pili kokoke ana me lākou ma nā kahakai pōhaku. Hoʻohui nā kai hāters i nā hui liʻiliʻi (10-15 mau kānaka), emi liʻiliʻi i ka hui nui (a hiki i ka 300 kanaka) nā kaiāulu kahi i maopopo ʻole ka hierarchy. Hoʻololi pinepine kēlā ʻano holoholona, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hui like ʻole o nā kāne kāne a wahine paha me nā keiki bipi.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pono nui o nā otters kai ma ke kahakai kahakai o 2-5 km, kahi i hohonu ʻole ai ke kai (a hiki i 50 m), inā ʻaʻole e kiʻi ʻia ka mea pio lalo. ʻAʻohe wahi pilikino o ke kai otter, a me ka pono e pale aku iā ia. ʻAʻole neʻe nā kai eʻe (ʻaʻole like me nā liona kai a me nā sila hulu) - i ke kauwela hānai lākou a hiamoe i loko o nā mānoanoa o ka limu, e paʻa ana i kā lākou mau wāwae a wahī paha iā lākou iho i ka limu i mea e lawe ʻole ʻia ai i ka moana.
Mai ka hopena o ke kau a hiki i ka wā puna, i ka wā e lūlū ai ka makani i nā mānoanoa, noho mau ke kai otters i ka wai pāpaʻu i ke ao, e hele ana i ka ʻāina i ka pō. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaha lākou ma 5-10 mai ka wai, e noho ana i nā āpau ma waena o nā pōhaku i pale ʻia mai ka ʻino. Auʻau ke kai otter e like me ke sila, huki i nā lālā hope a hana i oscillate i luna a i lalo me ka pūhaka. Ke hānai ʻana, hele ka mea ʻaihue ma lalo o ka wai no 1-2 min, e noho ana ma laila a hiki i 5 min inā he hoʻoweliweli koke.
Hoihoi. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka lā, ke ʻano o ke kai, e like me ka lana, lana i nā nalu me kona ʻōpū i luna. I kēia kūlana, hiamoe ʻo ia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hulu a ʻai, a hānai hoʻi ka wahine i ka pēpē.
ʻAʻohe hiki i uka ke kai otter: no ka hoʻomaha manawa pōkole a hānau hānau paha. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka hele wāwae e ka lokomaikaʻi - aneane huki ka predator i kona kino momona ma ka honua, akā hōʻike i ka wikiwiki maikaʻi i ka makaʻu. I kēlā manawa, kū ʻo ia i kona kua i kahi arc a wikiwiki e holo me nā lele e hiki ai i ka wai mālama.
I ka iho ʻana mai ka prone i ka hoʻoilo, lele ke kai otter i ka hau ma kona ʻōpū, me ka waiho ʻole i nā koʻi o kona mau wāwae. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke kai otter i kona hulu makamae no nā hola, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau. ʻO ka hana maʻamau o ke kāhili ʻana i ka hulu i kahi kūlana prone - ke luli nei i nā nalu, hele ka holoholona ma luna ona me nā neʻe lomilomi, hopu i ke poʻo me ka hope o ke poʻo, ka umauma, ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwae hope.
Ma hope o ka ʻaina awakea, hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻi ke kai otter i ka huluhulu, holoi i nā ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala meaʻai mai iā ia: pinepine ia i ka wai, ʻōwili ʻia i ke apo a hoʻopaʻa i kāna huelo me nā wāwae mua. He ʻaʻala hoʻowahāwahā ke ʻano o ke kai otter, ʻike maka ʻole a hoʻomōhala maikaʻi ʻole ʻia e hoʻolohe wale i nā kani koʻikoʻi, e laʻa me ka lū ʻana o nā nalu. Hoʻonui maikaʻi ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻopā - kōkua ʻo vibrissae maʻalahi e loaʻa koke nā mollusks a me nā urchins kai i ka pitch ma lalo o ka pouli.
Ehia mau kai eʻe e noho ana
I ka nahelehele, hāʻawi ʻia ke kai otter ma mua o 8-11 mau makahiki. Pālua ka manawa o ke ola ke hāʻule ke kai otter i loko o ka pio, kahi e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ko lākou 20 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
I ke kala o ka hulu, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa wahine. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne i ka nui: ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā wahine o ke kai otter (e 10%) a ʻoi aku ka māmā (e 35%) ma mua o nā kāne. Me ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o 1-1.3 m, ʻaʻohe kaumaha iki nā wahine ma mua o 35 kg, ʻoiai e loaʻa nā kāne i 45 kg.
Subspecies o ke kai otters
Hoʻokaʻawale ka hoʻohālikelike o kēia au i nā otters kai i 3 mau ʻāpana.
- ʻO Enhydra lutris lutris (kai otter, a i ʻole ʻAsia) - noho ma ke kapakai hikina o Kamchatka, a ma ka Commander a me nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril;
- Enhydra lutris nereis (Kaleponi kai otter, a i ʻole ke kai hema hema) - ʻike ʻia ma kahakai o Kaleponi waena;
- ʻO Enhydra lutris kenyoni (ʻĀkau kai ʻĀkau) - noho ma ka hema o Alaska a me nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian.
ʻO nā hoʻāʻo ʻana a nā zoologists e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ka otter kai maʻamau e noho ana ma nā mokupuni Commander a me "Kamchatka sea otter" e noho ana ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Kamchatka. ʻOiai ʻo 2 ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka inoa i noi ʻia no nā subspecies hou a me kahi papa inoa o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa ʻaʻole i kōkua. Ua noho ka ʻohana kai ʻo Kamchatka ma lalo o kona inoa kamaʻāina, ʻo Enhydra lutris lutris.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua noho ke kai otters ma ka Moana Pākīpika ʻĀkau, e hana ana i arc mau ma kahakai. I kēia manawa, ua ākea ka laulā o nā lāhui a noho i nā kualono mokupuni, a me nā kapakai o ka ʻāina nui ponoʻī (i kahi ʻāpana), holoi ʻia e nā kahe mahana a me ke anuanu.
Hoʻomaka kahi kiko kūiki o ka laulā hou mai Hokkaido, e kiʻi hou i ka Kuril Range, nā Aleutian / Commander Islands, a hoʻonui ʻia ma kahakai Pākīpika holoʻokoʻa o ʻAmelika Hema, e hoʻopau ana ma Kaleponi. Ma Rūsia, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā pūʻali koa kai e pili ana. ʻO Medny, kekahi o nā Mokupuni Kāpena.
Noho mau ke kai otter ma nā wahi e like me:
- nā pākū pale;
- nā pali pōhaku ʻūlū;
- pōhaku (ʻili / lalo o ka wai) me nā mānoanoa o kelp a me ka alaria.
Makemake nā ʻoka kai e moe ma luna o nā ʻahuʻula a kuha aku me nā mea pōhaku, a ma nā kihi hāiki hoʻi o nā peninsula, mai kahi o kahi ʻino hiki iā ʻoe ke neʻe wikiwiki i kahi wahi mālie. No ke kumu like, pale lākou i nā kahakai pālahalaha (one a me ka ʻiliʻili) - ma aneʻi hiki ʻole ke hūnā mai ka poʻe a me nā mea i hana ʻia.
ʻAi kai otter
Hānai nui nā Predators i nā hola o ke ao, akā i kekahi manawa hele lākou i ka hopu holoholona i ka pō, inā e ʻino ma ke kai i ka lā. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi a ke kai otter, nona ka ola kai, ʻano monotonous a ʻano like me kēia:
- nā urchins kai (ke kumu o ka papaʻai);
- bivalves / gastropods (2nd wahi);
- iʻa waena (capelin, sockeye a me gerbil);
- pāpaʻi;
- heʻe (i kekahi manawa).
Mahalo i ka mānoanoa ma nā forepaws a me nā manamana wāwae hoʻoneʻe, ʻohi ke kai otter i nā urchins kai, nā mollusks a me nā pāpaʻi mai lalo, e mahele maʻalahi i kā lākou pūpū a me nā pūpū me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono hana (maʻa mau nā pōhaku). ʻOiai e lana ana, paʻa ke kai otter i kahi pōhaku ma kona umauma a kīkēkē iā ia me kāna pahu.
I nā zoo, kahi e ʻau ai nā holoholona i nā aquarium o ke aniani, ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻia lākou i nā mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke haki i ke kīʻaha. Ma ke ala, ʻo ke kai otter, i hāʻule i loko o ka pio, lilo hou i ka makewai - makemake e ʻai i ka ʻiʻo bipi a me ka liona kai, a makemake i nā iʻa mai nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā manu i kanu ʻia i ka hale manu e waiho kiaʻi ʻole ʻia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i ke kai otter ke hopu iā lākou.
Loaʻa ka makemake nui o ka kai otter - i ka lā e ʻai i ka nui e like me 20% o kona kaumaha (ʻo kēia ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu no ka hoʻomehana). Inā ʻai ke kanaka kaupaona he 70 kg e like me ke kai otter, ʻai ʻo ia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 14 kg o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hānai mau ke kai otter i ka wahi intertidal, ʻauʻau kokoke i nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā pōhaku e puka ana mai ka wai: i kēia manawa, nānā ia i nā limu, e ʻimi ana i ke ola kai i loko o lākou. I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pūʻā o nā kūpeʻe, haehae ke kai otter iā ia mai nā mānoanoa, kuʻi ikaika iā ia me nā ʻūpā a wehe koke i nā puka e ʻahaʻaina i nā mea i loko.
Inā kū ka hopu i ka lalo, nānā ke kai otter iā ia me ka vibrissae a me ka luʻu maʻamau ʻana i lalo i kēlā me kēia 1.5-2 mau minuke ke loaʻa nā urchins kai. Hāpai ʻo ia iā lākou i nā ʻāpana 5-6, lana i luna, moe i kona kua a ʻai kekahi i kekahi, hohola ma luna o kona ʻōpū.
Hopu ke kai otter i nā pāpaʻi a me nā iʻa hōkū i lalo o lalo, e lālau ana i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi me kona mau niho a me nā ʻūhā nui (me nā iʻa kaupaona). Hoʻopau ka predator i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a nui, nui - ʻāpana a ʻāpana, hoʻonohonoho i ka "kolamu" wai. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole make wai ke kai otter a inu ʻole, e lawa ana ka momona mai ka iʻa iʻa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nā otters kai polygamous a noho ʻole i loko o nā ʻohana - uhi ke kāne i nā wahine wahine moekolohe āpau e ʻauana i loko o kāna kaona. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole paʻa ka hānau ʻana o nā otters kai i kahi kau kikoʻī, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka pinepine o ka hānau hānau ʻana i ka pūnāwai ma mua o nā mahina ʻinoʻino.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana, e like me nā mustelid he nui, holomua me kekahi lohi. Hōʻike ʻia nā keiki i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Hānau ka wahine ma ka ʻāina, e lawe mai ana i hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi (2 mau hānau mai 100) he mau ʻelua kūlua. ʻAʻole hiki ke hopena i ka hopena o ka lua: ua make ʻo ia, ʻoiai hiki i ka makuahine ke hānai i kahi keiki hoʻokahi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. Kaupaona kahi hānau hou ma kahi o 1.5 kg a hānau ʻia ʻaʻole ʻike wale ʻia, akā me ka piha o nā niho waiū. Medvedka -ʻo kēia ka inoa o kāna mau lawaiʻa no ka hulu brownish mānoanoa e uhi ana i ke kino o kahi kai ʻoka liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā hola a me nā lā mua e noho ai me kona makuahine, e moe ana i kahakai a i ʻole i kona ʻōpū ke komo ʻo ia i ke kai. Hoʻomaka ka bea i ka ʻauʻau kūʻokoʻa (mua ma hope) ma hope o 2 mau pule, a ma ka wiki ʻehā e hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ʻōwili a ʻau aʻe ma hope o ka wahine. ʻO kahi cub, waiho pōkole ʻia e kona makuahine, makaʻu i ka makaʻu a ʻūʻū, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke peʻe ma lalo o ka wai - kipaku ʻo ia iā ia e like me kahi cork (ʻaʻole kaumaha ke kino a piha kona huluhulu i ka ea).
Mālama nā wahine ʻaʻole wale i kā lākou keiki, akā ʻo nā malihini pū kekahi, ke ʻauʻau lākou a pahu iā ia i ka ʻaoʻao. No ka hapa nui o ka lā, ʻauʻau ʻo ia me ka bea ma kona ʻōpū, e palu mau ana i kona huluhulu. Ke hōʻiliʻili nei i ka wikiwiki, kaomi ʻo ia i ke keiki me kona ʻūlū a i ʻole paʻa i ka nape me kona mau niho, e luʻu pū me ia i ka pū waikaua.
ʻO ke kai otter ulu, ua kapa ʻia ʻo koslak, ʻoiai ka mea e pau ka inu ʻana i ka waiū o ka waiū, mālama mau ʻo ia i kahi kokoke i ka makuahine, e hopu ana i nā mea ola i lalo a i ʻole lawe i nā meaʻai mai iā ia Hoʻomaka kahi ola kūʻokoʻa piha i ka hopena o ke kau, i ka wā e hui ai nā holoholona ʻōpio i ka pā o nā otters kai makua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ke kai otter, e like me ka haʻi ʻana a kekahi poʻe zoologists, ke poʻo o ka kohola pepehi kanaka, he koholā niho nunui mai ka ʻohana dolphin. Hōʻole ʻia kēia mana e ka mea hiki ʻole i nā kohola kohola ke komo i loko o nā mānoanoa o nā kelp, makemake i nā papa hohonu, a ʻau wale lākou i loko o nā wahi kai o ke kai i ke kauwela, ke hele ka iʻa e hānau.
Aia pū ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi i ka manō polar, kahi kokoke i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka wai hohonu. ʻIke ʻia ma waho o ke kapakai, hoʻouka ka manō i ke kai o ke kai, a (ma muli o ko lākou ʻili lahilahi) e make ai mai nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi, kahi e lawe koke ai nā maʻi.
ʻO nā makaʻi nui loa mai nā liona kai kāne paʻakikī, i loaʻa mau i nā ʻōpū kai ʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ko lākou ʻōpū.
Manaʻo ʻia ka sila o ka Hikina Hikina he mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai o ke kai otter, ʻaʻole ia e komo wale i kāna mea i makemake ʻia (benthic invertebrates), akā hoʻoneʻe hoʻi i ke kai otter mai kāna wahi maʻamau maʻamau. Aia i waena o nā ʻenemi o ke kai otter kahi kanaka nāna i luku aku iā ia no ka hulu kupaianaha, ka mea nona ka nani lua ʻole a me ka paʻa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma mua o ka luku nui ʻana o ke kai otter ma ka honua, aia (e like me nā kuhi ʻokoʻa) mai nā haneli he tausani a i 1 miliona mau holoholona. Ma ka wanaʻao o ke kenekulia 20, ua iho ka heluna kanaka o ka honua i 2 tausani mau kānaka. He lokoino loa ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kai hāters a ʻeli ka lawaiʻa nei i lua nona (ʻaʻohe mea nāna e kiʻi), akā ua pāpā ʻia hoʻi e nā kānāwai o USA (1911) a me ka USSR (1924).
ʻO ka helu luna hope loa, i hoʻokō ʻia ma 2000-2005, ʻae ʻia e hoʻokomo i ka lāhui i ka papa inoa IUCN me ka māka "hoʻoweliweli". Wahi a kēia mau noiʻi, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā otters kai (ma kahi o 75 tausani) e noho ana ma ʻAilana a me nā ʻAlekan ʻAleutian, a he 70 mau tausani o lākou e noho nei ma Alaska. Ma kahi o 20 mau tausani kai ʻoka kai e noho ana i ko mākou ʻāina, ma lalo o 3 tausani ma Kanada, ma kahi o 2.5 tausani ma Kaleponi, a ma kahi o 500 mau holoholona ma Wakinekona.
Mea nui. ʻOiai nā pāpā āpau, ke emi mālie nei ka heluna kai otter, e komo pū me ka hewa o ke kanaka. ʻO ke kai otters ka mea e ʻehaʻeha i ka nui o nā mea āpau mai ka aila a me nā kahe o nā derivatives, kahi mea e haumia ai ko lākou hulu.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka nalo ʻana o ke kai otters:
- nā maʻi - 40% o nā make āpau;
- nā hōʻeha - mai nā manō, nā ʻeha pū a me nā hālāwai me nā moku (23%);
- nele i ka hānai - 11%;
- nā kumu ʻē aʻe - tumors, pēpē make, nā maʻi kūloko (ma lalo o 10%).
ʻO ka nui o ka make ma nā maʻi i wehewehe ʻia ʻaʻole wale e ka haumia o ke kai, akā e ka nāwaliwali hoʻi o ka pale o ke kai otters ma muli o ka nele o nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o nā laha.
