Ua loaʻa i kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana subger ka inoa ʻo "pig badger" ma muli o ka ihu a me ka muzzles hoʻoneʻe, me ka mea e huki ana i ka lepo, e ʻimi ana i ka meaʻai.
Hōʻike Pig Badger
ʻO Arctonyx collaris (puaʻa puaʻa) mai ka ʻohana weasel i kapa mau ʻia ʻo teledu, hewa ʻole a kumu ʻia e kahi kuhihewa i hana ʻia e Academician Vladimir Sokolov i ka hana "Systematics of mammals" (volume III). ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka inoa "teledu" no ka laha Mydaus javanensis (Sunda smelly badger) mai ka genus Mydaus, kahi i hala iā Sokolov i ka wā o ka systematization.
Helehelena
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa ka puaʻa puaʻa mai nā ʻūlū ʻē aʻe, koe wale nō he muo elongated ʻoi aku ka nui me kahi ʻano pākī pelapela lepo, ulu ʻia me ka lauoho lauoho. Piʻi kahi puaʻa puaʻa makua i 0.55-0.7 m a kaupaona 7-14 kg.He predator, medium-size predator me kahi kino elongated nui, kanu ʻia ma nā wāwae mānoanoa.... Hoʻomakaukau ʻia nā forelimbs me nā māiʻuʻu meli ikaika loa, maikaʻi loa no ka ʻeli ʻana.
ʻAʻole i haʻi ʻia ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻohui pono ai ke kino me ke poʻo, kahi ʻano conical kona. Hoʻohui ʻia ka muʻu māmā e nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ākea ākea e kahe ana mai ka lehelehe luna a i ka ʻāʻī (ma o nā maka a me nā pepeiao). Liʻiliʻi nā pepeiao o ka puaʻa puaʻa, uhi paʻa ʻia me ka hulu hipa. Liʻiliʻi a ākea ke kaʻawale o nā maka. ʻO ka huelo o ka lōʻihi waena (12-17 cm) ʻano like me ka palaki tousled, a ma ka laulā nui ʻole ka lauoho lauoho o ka predator.
Ma ka hope, ulu aʻe kahi melemele-ʻeleʻele, hina a i ʻole ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, e like me ke kani i ka hulu e uhi ana i nā forelimbs. ʻOi aku ka māmā o nā lālā hope me nā ʻaoʻao i kekahi manawa a ʻano melemele-hina hinahina. ʻEleʻele ka ʻōpū, nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, a ʻo ke kukui (ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo) ke kala, koe wale no ka waha, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ma nā wēlau o nā pepeiao, ka ʻāʻī, ka pali (fragmentarily) a me ka huelo. ʻO ka puaʻa puaʻa, e like me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, ua ulu maikaʻi nā gland anal.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Hoʻopili ʻia ka puaʻa puaʻa i kāna lua a alakaʻi i kahi ola sedentary, ʻaʻole neʻe aʻe ma mua o 400-500 m mai kona wahi noho mau. Hoʻonui ka pilikino pilikino i kahi lekiō wale nō kahi i lawa ʻole ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ke kumu e neʻe ai ka mea ʻaʻa mai ka lua i 2-3 km ... Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, noho kokoke nā holoholona i kekahi i kekahi, e kau ana i nā lua ma hoʻokahi pali o ke awāwa. ʻEli ʻia nā lua no lākou iho a hoʻohana paha lākou i nā hale kūlohelohe, no ka laʻana, heʻe o nā lālā i ka muliwai a i ʻole nā pā i lalo o nā pōhaku.
Hoihoi ia! Noho lākou i ka manawa nui i ka lua: i ka hoʻoilo - ʻaʻole i hoʻokahi lā, akā he mau pule. I nā mahina ʻoi loa loa (mai Nowemapa a Pepeluali - Malaki), hele nā mea puaʻa puaʻa i loko o ka hibernation, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ia, e like me nā līlī, akā lawe ʻia i mau lā.
Noho ʻo ia i loko o kahi lua āna i ʻeli ai no nā makahiki, e hoʻonui ana, e hoʻonui a hoʻonui i nā kualono, no ka mea ua lilo ia i mea nui loa a paʻakikī hoʻi: 2-5 puka e pani ʻia e 40-50 manholes hou. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kekahi mau tunnels nui i ka hana mau, ʻo ke koena i ke kūlana o nā mea hoʻokoe, hoʻohana ʻia inā pilikia a i ʻole nā ʻino e kolo ana i ka ea hou.
Hoʻohui hou nā puaʻa puaʻa a prowl maʻamau no ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia manawa.... ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa nā wahine me nā keiki bipi, e ʻimi ʻimi ana ma kahi kokoke i ka lua.
Maʻemaʻe ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka lua burrow - ʻaʻohe koena (e like me ka ʻalopeke) a i ʻole nā makino. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūlohelohe, hoʻolako ka holoholona i nā latrine i loko o nā ululāʻau / mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, ma ke ʻano he rula, mai kahi noho.
I kēia mau lā ua huli aʻe ka ala o ka puaʻa hihi ʻaʻole wale i ka pō (e like me ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia), akā i ke ao hoʻi. Eia hou, ʻaʻohe makaʻu ka mea ʻino i ka poʻe a, ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā holoholona hihiu, ʻaʻole hūnā i ka neʻe ʻana i loko o ka ululāʻau. Honi ʻo ia me ka leo nui, hoʻolei i ka honua me kona ihu, a kani nui i ka neʻe ʻana, kahi e lohe ʻia ai ma waena o nā lau maloʻo a me ka mauʻu.
Mea nui! ʻIlihune kāna maka - ʻike ʻo ia i nā mea neʻe wale wale nō, a like kāna lohe ʻana me ke kanaka. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hohono, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ma mua o nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe, kōkua i ka holoholona e hoʻokele i ka lewa.
I kahi kūlana mālie, ʻūlū ka holoholona, i kahi kūlana hoʻonāukiuki e ʻōhumu ʻoi aku ia, ke hoʻololi nei i kahi ʻūlū i ka wā e hakakā ana me nā ʻohana a i ʻole e hālāwai me nā ʻenemi. Hiki i ka pahi puaʻa ke ʻauʻau, akā komo ia i loko o ka wai no ka pono nui.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi kinikini puaʻa
I ka noho pio ʻana, ola nā ʻelele o nā lāhui i ka 14-16 mau makahiki, akā e noho liʻiliʻi i ka nāhelehele.
Dimorphism moekolohe
E like me nā wea nui a pau (badger, harza, otter a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa i haʻi ʻia ka piko puaʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine.
Pua ʻaʻano Pig
I kēia manawa, ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻeono o ka hua puaʻa puaʻa, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ia i ko lākou kūwaho e like me ko lākou wahi noho:
- ʻO Arctonyx collaris collaris - Assam, Bhutan, Sikkim a me nā hikina hikina hema o ka Himalayas;
- Arctonyx collaris albugularis - Kina hema;
- Dictator ʻo Arctonyx collaris - Vietnam, Thailand a me ka ʻākau Burma;
- ʻĀkalakala collari ʻo Arctonyx - Myanmar a me Assam hema;
- Arctonyx collaris leucolaemus - Kina ʻākau;
- ʻO Arctonyx collaris hoevi - Sumatra.
Mea nui! ʻAʻole hoʻokaʻawale nā zoologist a pau i nā ʻohana 6 o Arctonyx collaris: ʻo ka mea hōʻuluʻulu o ka IUCN Red List e ʻike nei he 3 mau ʻohana wale nō ka puaʻa puaʻa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ka puaʻa puaʻa ma Hikina Hema Asia a loaʻa ma Bangladesh, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, India, Burma, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia a me Sumatra.
ʻO ka mahele mau ʻana o nā laha e ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻākau hikina o India, a ma Bangladesh hoʻi, kahi e noho ai nā holoholona he nui i ka hema hikina o ka ʻāina.
Ma Bangladesh, uhi ka ʻāpana puaʻa:
- ʻO Chunoti Wildlife Sanctuary;
- Ke kula nui ʻo Chittagong;
- ʻO Fashahali Wildlife Sanctuary;
- ʻĀkau hikina (Sylhet, Habigondj a me Mulovibazar ʻāpana);
- Pāka Aupuni ʻo Lazachara.
Ma Laos, noho nui nā holoholona i ka ʻākau, ke kikowaena a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina, a ma Vietnam ka māhele o ka hua puaʻa puaʻa. Noho ka laha i nā ululāʻau pāhū kaumaha (deciduous a evergreen) a me nā awāwa kahawai, nā ʻāina mahiʻai a me nā ulu lāʻau. I nā wahi mauna, hiki ke loaʻa ka pihi puaʻa ma luna o 3.5 km ma luna o ka pae kai.
Kaʻaiʻai puaʻa puaʻa
ʻO ka predator he omnivorous, a ʻike i kāna ʻano meaʻai like ʻole i ke aloha a me ka nimble. ʻO ka papaʻai o kahi puaʻa puaʻa e komo pū me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona:
- nā aʻa momona a me nā mea kanu aʻa;
- huaʻai;
- invertebrates (ʻūlū a me nā ʻenuhe honua);
- mammal liʻiliʻi.
I ka wā e ʻai ana i ka meaʻai, hana nui ka mea ʻino me kona mau wāwae mua me nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi loa, e lūlū ana i ka honua me kona waha a hoʻohana i nā molars / incisors o ka iwi ā lalo. ʻIke pinepine ka poʻe kamaʻāina i kahi badger e hopu ana i nā pāpaʻi i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi kokoke.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ke kau moʻo, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hāʻule i ka Mei, akā hoʻolohi ʻia ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki - hānau ʻia nā keiki ma hope o 10 mau mahina, i wehewehe ʻia e ka papa ʻaoʻao, kahi e hoʻopaneʻe ai ka ulu ʻana o ka embryo.
I Pepeluali - Malaki o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, lawe mai kahi wahine wahine puaʻa wahine mai 2 a 6, akā pinepine pinepine ʻekolu mau ʻīlio kōkua a makapō ʻole, kaupaona 70-80 g.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻolālā mālie nā Cubs, loaʻa nā auricle e 3 mau pule, e wehe ana i ko lākou mau maka i 35-42 mau lā a loaʻa nā niho e ka 1 mahina.
I ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā niho, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia, ke kū ka hū ʻana o nā niho waiū, akā i ka makahiki o 2.5 mau mahina, hoʻomaka ka ulu o nā mea mau. Hoʻohui nā Zoologists i kēia hanana me ka hānai ʻana o ka waiū a lōʻihi wale nō, akā hoʻololi wikiwiki i ka wahi hānai.
ʻO ka lactation wahine ma kahi o 4 mau mahina... Makemake ʻino nā ʻūlū liʻiliʻi a pāʻani me nā kaikaina / kaikaina, akā i ko lākou ulu ʻana, ua nalowale nā mākau o ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka makemake e kamaʻilio. Loaʻa nā hana hānai puaʻa i nā hana hānau e 7-8 mau mahina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He mau mea hoʻololi ka puaʻa puaʻa e kōkua ai e pale aku i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe, e like me nā felines nui (leopadi, tiger, cheetah) a me nā kānaka.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻohana ʻia nā niho ikaika a me nā māiʻuʻu i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi: haki koke ka badger i ka honua me lākou e hūnā mai nā leopadi / tigika, a hakakā paha iā lākou inā ʻaʻole kūleʻa ka pakele.
I ke kuleana o ka repeller ʻike kiʻi, aia kekahi kala ʻōniʻoniʻo lōʻihi lōʻihi, a, ma ke ala, ʻaʻole ia he mea mahalo no nā mea predators a pau. ʻO ka pale aʻe ka ʻili mānoanoa, i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale aku i nā ʻeha hohonu, a me kahi huna caustic i hūnā ʻia e nā anal anal.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ke au i kēia manawa o ka heluna collari o Arctonyx e like me ka 2018 e ʻike ʻia nei e like me ka emi ʻana. Ua helu ʻia ka peʻa puaʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻano palupalu i ka IUCN Red List ma muli o ka emi mau o kāna helu. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Hunting kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui, keu hoʻi ma Vietnam a me India, kahi e ʻimi ʻia ai ka puaʻa puaʻa no kona ʻili mānoanoa a me ka momona. Manaʻo ʻia e piʻi ka nui o ka emi, ma Myanmar a me Kambupila. Hoʻonui ʻia ke kūlana ma Kambupila e ka koi no ka ʻino puaʻa mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna, kahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia ma nā kaona kaiāulu.
Ke emi nei ka helu o nā badger ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ko lākou wahi noho ma lalo o ke kaomi o ka agro-industrial sector. Ua wānana ʻia kahi hōʻemi iki ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. Sumatra a me ka hapa nui o Kina. Ma Lao Repubalika Demokalaka a me Vietnam, hopu pinepine ʻia nā ʻino puaʻa i nā pahele hao i hoʻolālā ʻia e hopu i nā ungulate nunui. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kālaihonua o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ia mau pahele i nā makahiki he 20 i hala, a ke hoʻomau nei kēia ʻano.
Mea nui! Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻonui ʻia ka makaʻu o nā laha ma muli o ka nohona hapa hapa o ke ao a me ka ʻole o ka hūnā huna. ʻAʻohe makaʻu iki nā puaʻa puaʻa i ka poʻe i hele pinepine i ka nahele me nā ʻīlio a me nā mea kaua.
ʻO ka ʻimi holoholona ka mea hoʻoweliweli nui i nā wahi hikina o ka pae, me ka hana ʻole i ke kuleana nui i nā komohana. He nui nā peʻa puaʻa make i ka wā kahe kahe o ka kahawai kahawai ma Kaziranga National Park (India). ʻO nā kuleana i ka pika puaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kanaka i loko o kahi mau kope ʻelua: ʻo ka mea mua, nā holoholona, wāwahi i ka lepo, hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kanu, a, ʻo ka lua, me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka likelike, he poʻe lawe lākou i nā rabies
Pale ʻia ʻo Arctonyx collaris e ke kānāwai ma Thailand, ka ʻāina ma India, a ma lalo o ka Wildlife Act (2012) ma Bangladesh. ʻAʻole pale ʻia ka pika puaʻa ma Vietnam / Kambupila, a ʻo ia ka mammal pale ʻole nui loa, koe wale nō ʻo Sus scrofa (puaʻa hihiu), ma Myanmar. Hoʻokomo wale ʻia nā pua puaa ʻo Arctonyx collari i ka China Red List of Vulnerable Species.
