ʻO ka iʻa coelacanth ka loulou pili loa ma waena o nā iʻa a me nā mea amphibious mua i hoʻololi i ke kai a pae i ka wā Devonia ma kahi o 408-362 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua pau ka laha holoʻokoʻa i nā millennia, a hiki i ka hopu ʻana o kekahi o kona mau lunamakaʻāinana e nā lawaiʻa mai ʻApelika Hema ma 1938. Mai ia manawa, ua aʻo ikaika ʻia lākou, ʻoiai a hiki i kēia lā he nui mau mea huna e pili ana i ka coelacanth iʻa prehistoric.
Ka wehewehe o coelacanth
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Coelacanths ma kahi o 350 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a manaʻo ʻia he nui i ka hapa nui o ka honua.... No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia ua make lākou ma kahi o 80 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, akā i ka 1938 ua hopu ʻia kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ke ʻano i ke Kai ʻInikia kokoke i ke kapakai hema o ʻApelika.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia nā coelacanths mai ka moʻolelo fossil, nui a ʻokoʻa hoʻi kā lākou hui i nā wā Permian a me Triassic (290-208 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei). I loko o nā makahiki, ka hana ma hope ma nā ʻApuni Comoro (aia ma waena o ka moku ʻApelika a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Madagascar) i loaʻa pū kekahi mau haneli hou aʻe i hopu ʻia ma nā lou e nā lawaiʻa kūloko. Akā, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā mākeke, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe o lākou waiwai waiwai (ʻaʻole kūpono kaʻiʻo coelacanth no ka ʻai kanaka).
I loko o nā makahiki he iwakālua mai kēia ʻike kupaianaha, ua hāʻawi ka noiʻi submarine i ka honua me ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i kēia mau iʻa. No laila, ua ʻike ʻia he lethargic lākou, nā mea i ke ao e noho ana i ka hapa nui o ka lā e hoʻomaha ana i nā ana i nā hui o 2 a 16 mau kānaka. ʻO ka nohona maʻamau he mau pali kahakai, kahi hale o nā ana ma kahi o 100 a 300 m. I ka hopu holoholona ʻana i ka pō, hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau ma kahi o 8 km e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai ma mua o ka hoʻi hou ʻana i ke ana i ka hopena o ka pō. Alakaʻi ka iʻa i kahi nohona noho wikiwiki ʻole ʻia. Hiki wale ke hoʻokokoke i ka makaʻu hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i ka mana o kāna caudal fin no kahi lele ʻoiʻoi mai kahi.
I nā makahiki 1990, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā mea hou aʻe mai ke kapakai komohana hema o Madagascar a ma waho o ka mokupuni ʻo Sulawesi i Indonesia, nā ʻikepili DNA e alakaʻi nei i ka ʻike ʻia o nā kikoʻī ʻInidonesia ma ke ʻano he ʻano kaʻawale. Ma hope iho, ua hopu ʻia ka coelacanth ma ke kapakai o Kenya, a ua loaʻa kahi heluna kanaka ʻokoʻa ma Sodwana Bay ma waho o ke kapakai o ʻApelika Hema.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole nui ka ʻike e pili ana i kēia iʻa pohihihi. Akā ʻo ka tetrapods, colacanths, a me nā iʻa pulmonary i ʻike lōʻihi ʻia he ʻohana pili kekahi i kekahi, ʻoiai ʻo ka topology o ka pilina ma waena o kēia mau pūʻulu ʻekolu he paʻakikī loa. ʻO kahi moʻolelo kupaianaha a kikoʻī e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau "fossil ola" i hāʻawi ʻia i loko o ka iʻa i hopu ʻia i ka manawa: ka ʻimi no Coelacanths.
Helehelena
ʻOkoʻa loa ʻo Coelacanths mai nā iʻa ola ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi pāpale keu ma ka huelo, nā pāpale lobed i hoʻopili ʻia a me kahi kolamu vertebral ʻaʻole hoʻomohala piha. ʻO Coelacanths wale nō nā holoholona i kēia manawa e noho nei me kahi hui intercranial piha. Hōʻike ia i ka laina e hoʻokaʻawale i ka pepeiao a me ka lolo mai nā maka o ka ihu. ʻAe ka pilina intercranial ʻaʻole e hoʻoneʻe i ka iwi a lalo i lalo, akā e hoʻāla hoʻi i ka iwi ā luna i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ana, kahi e kōkua nui ai i ke kaʻina o ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa o ka coelacanth ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻili, ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana e like me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lima kanaka.
ʻO ka coelacanth ʻehā mau kani, ua pani ʻia nā loka līlī e nā pā manamana, a ʻo ke ʻano o ia ʻano me ka niho o ka niho kanaka. He olohelohe ke poʻo, hoʻonui ākea ka operculum ma hope, ʻo ka iwi ā lalo he ʻelua mau papa hoʻoliʻiliʻi paʻa, conical nā niho, kau ʻia i nā papa iwi i pili i ka pā.
Nui a manoanoa nā unahi, e like me ke ʻano o ka niho kanaka. Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻeke ʻauʻau a hoʻopiha ʻia me ka momona. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻōpū o coelacanth me kahi kiwikā o ka spiral. I nā iʻa makua, ʻuʻuku ka lolo, noho wale ma kahi o 1% o ka nui o ka lua cranial; piha ke koena me kahi momona momona e like me ka gel. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi i nā poʻe oʻo ʻole e noho ka lolo e like me 100% o ka lua i hāʻawi ʻia.
I ka wā o ke ola, he kala o ke kino o ka iʻa - ʻeleʻele uliuli metallic, uhi ʻia ke poʻo a me ke kino me nā kiko keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo paha. He pākahi ke kumu i ʻike ʻia no kēlā me kēia lunamakaʻāinana, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike kūleʻa ma waena o lākou ke helu. Ma hope o ka make, nalowale ke kala bluish o ke kino, ʻeleʻele a iʻeleʻele ka iʻa. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe ma waena o nā coelacanths. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne.
Ka nohona ola, hana
I ke ao, "noho" ʻo coelacanth i nā ana ma nā hui o nā iʻa he 12-13... He holoholona no ka pō lākou. Alakaʻi nā Celacanths i kahi nohona hohonu, e kōkua ai i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu ma mua o ka hoʻokele waiwai (manaʻo ʻia e lohi kā lākou metabolism i kahi hohonu), a hiki nō hoʻi ke hālāwai me nā mea hōʻaiʻe liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, haʻalele kēia mau iʻa i kā lākou mau ana a ʻauhe mālie ma o ka substrate, e ʻimi nei paha i ka meaʻai ma waena o 1-3 mau mika o ka lalo. I loko o kēia mau hoʻouka kaua holoholona i ka pō, hiki i ka coelacanth ke ʻauʻau a ʻoi aku ma kahi o 8 km, a ma hope o ia mea, i ka wanaʻao, e lele i ke ana kokoke.
Hoihoi ia!ʻOiai e ʻimi ana i kahi mea i hōʻino ʻia a neʻe paha mai kekahi ana a i kekahi ʻē aʻe, neʻe ka coelacanth i kahi neʻe lohi, a i ʻole ke hele haʻahaʻa i lalo i ka wai, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pectoral a me nā pelvic fins e hoʻoponopono ai i ke kūlana o ke kino ma ke ākea.
ʻO ke coelacanth, mahalo i ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi o nā peʻa, hiki ke kau i ke ākea, ʻōpū i luna, lalo a i lalo i lalo. I ka mua, ua manaʻo hewa ʻia hiki iā ia ke hele wāwae ma lalo. Akā ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻo coelacanth i kāna mau ʻili lobed e hele wāwae ma lalo, a ʻoiai ke hoʻomaha i ke ana, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopā i ka ʻūlapa. E like me ka iʻa holo lohi, hiki i ka coelacanth ke haki manuahi a ʻauʻau koke paha me ke kōkua o ka neʻe ʻana o kāna pahu caudal nui.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o coelacanth
Wahi a nā hōʻike i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia, ʻo ka nui o nā makahiki o ka iʻa coelacanth ma kahi o 80 mau makahiki. He iʻa ola lōʻihi kēia. Hiki paha i kahi ʻano hohonu, ana ʻia ke ʻano ke kōkua iā lākou e noho kūpono no kahi wā lōʻihi a ola i nā haneli haneli mau makahiki, i ʻae iā lākou e hoʻohana i ko lākou ikaika ikaika i ka hiki ke hiki, e pakele i nā mea ʻaihue a noho i nā kūlana wela maikaʻi.
ʻAno Coelacanth
ʻO Coelacanths ka inoa maʻamau no nā ʻano ʻelua, ʻo nā Komaran a me nā coelacanth Indonesia, ʻo ia wale nō nā ʻano ola o kahi ʻohana nui ma mua o 120 mau ʻano i koe i nā ʻaoʻao o nā makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO kēia ʻano, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "fossil ola", loaʻa i ka Indo-Western Pacific Ocean a puni ʻo Greater Comoro a me nā mokupuni ʻo Anjouan, ke kapakai o ʻApelika Hema, Madagascar a me Mozambique.
Ua hala nā makahiki he mau makahiki i hala ke ao ʻana o ka lehulehu... ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona Coelacanth, i hopu ʻia ma 1938, a laila alakaʻi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, aia ma Comoros, ma waena o ʻApelika a me Madagascar. Eia nō naʻe, no kanaonokona mau makahiki, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia wale nō ka mea noho o ka coelacanth.
Hoihoi ia!I ka makahiki 2003, ua hui pū ʻo IMS me ka papahana ʻo Coelacanth ʻApelika e hoʻonohonoho i nā huli hou. Ma Kepakemapa 6, 2003, ua loaʻa ka loaʻa mua ma ka hema o Tanzania ma Songo Mnar, e hoʻolilo ana iā Tanzania i ke ono o nā ʻāina e hoʻopaʻa i nā coelacanths.
Ma ka 14 Iulai 2007, ua hopu ʻia kekahi mau kānaka hou aku e nā lawaiʻa mai Nungwi, North Zanzibar. Ua hōʻea koke nā mea noiʻi mai ka Zanzibar Institute of Marine Science (IMS), alakaʻi ʻia e Dr. Nariman Jiddawi, i ka pūnaewele e hoʻomaopopo i ka iʻa ʻo Latimeria chalumnae.
ʻO ka papaʻai o coelacanth
Kākoʻo ʻia nā ʻikepili nānā i ka manaʻo e heʻe ana kēia iʻa a hana koke i ka nahu ʻana ma kahi mamao iki, e hoʻohana ana i nā auwaha mana ke hiki aku ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Ma muli o ka ʻike o ka ʻōpū o ka poʻe i hopu ʻia, ʻike ʻia e hānai hapa ana ka coelacanth i nā lunamaka o nā holoholona mai ka lalo o ke kai. Hōʻoia nā mea nānā i ka mana e pili ana i ke kū ʻana o ka hana electroreceptive o ka lālā rostral i ka iʻa. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e ʻike i nā mea i loko o ka wai e ko lākou kahua uila.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma muli o ka hohonu o ka nohona kai o kēia mau iʻa, ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i nā kaiaolaola kūlohelohe. I kēia manawa, maopopo leʻa he iʻa viviparous nā coelacanths. ʻOiai manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia ka hua ʻana o ka iʻa i hua i hoʻomomona ʻia e ke kāne. ʻO kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo i hōʻoia i ka loaʻa o nā hua i ka wahine i hopu ʻia. ʻO ka nui o hoʻokahi hua manu ka nui o ka pōpō kinipōpō.
Hoihoi ia!Hānau ʻekahi wahine i 8 a i 26 mau hua ʻai i ka manawa. ʻO ka nui o kekahi o nā pēpē coelacanth mai 36 a 38 centimita. I ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana, loaʻa mua iā lākou nā niho, nā ʻino a me nā unahi i hoʻomohala ʻia.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, he eke nui ko kēlā me kēia pēpē, a paʻa i ka umauma, kahi e hāʻawi ai i nā meaola i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana. I nā wā ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ke pau nā lako o ka yolk, e hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻeke yolk waho a excreted i loko o ka lua o ke kino.
ʻO ka manawa hānau o ka wahine ma kahi o 13 mau mahina. No laila, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā wahine ke hānau hānau i kēlā me kēia lua a ʻekolu paha makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Manaʻo ʻia nā manō he mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe o coelacanth.
Waiwai kālepa
ʻAʻole kūpono ka iʻa Coelacanth no ka ʻai kanaka... Eia nō naʻe, he pilikia maoli kāna iʻa i nā ichthyologists. ʻO nā lawaiʻa, e makemake ana e ʻumeʻume i nā mea kūʻai mai a me nā mākaʻikaʻi, lawaiʻa iā ia e hana i nā holoholona ukana hanohano no nā hōʻiliʻili pilikino ʻO kēia ka mea i hōʻino ʻole i ka lehulehu. No laila, i kēia manawa, ua kāpae ʻia ka coelacanth mai ka hoʻololi o ke kālepa honua a ua helu ʻia i ka Red Book.
Ua hoʻokau ka poʻe lawaiʻa o ka mokupuni ʻo Greater Comoro i ka pāpā ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma nā wahi kahi e noho ai nā coelacanths (a i ʻole "gombessa" e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ko lākou wahi), a he mea nui ia e hoʻopakele ai i nā holoholona kū hoʻokahi o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka nuʻukia no ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā coelacanth e pili pū ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā pono lawaiʻa i waena o nā lawaiʻa i nā wahi kūpono ʻole no ka nohona coelacanth, a ʻae hoʻi iā ʻoe e hoʻi i nā iʻa i hopu ʻia ʻole ʻia i ko lākou mau wahi maoli. Aia nā hōʻailona hōʻeuʻeu i kēia mau lā i ka heluna kānaka
Mālama ʻo Comoros i ka nānā pono ʻana i nā iʻa e kū nei o kēia ʻano. ʻO Latimeria kahi waiwai kūikawā nui loa no ka honua o ka ʻepekema o kēia ao, e ʻae ana iā ʻoe e hoʻihoʻi hou i ke kiʻi o ka honua i noho i miliona mau makahiki i hala. Mahalo i kēia, noʻonoʻo mau ʻia nā coelacanths i nā ʻano waiwai nui loa no ke aʻo ʻana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ua helu ʻia ka iʻa me he mea lā pau i ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula. Ua hāʻawi ka IUCN Red List i ka iʻa coelacanth i ke kūlana Hoʻoweliweli Critical. Latimeria chalumnae i helu ʻia ʻo Endangered (Category I Supplement) ma lalo o CITES.
ʻAʻohe manaʻo maoli o ka heluna kanaka coelacanth... He paʻakikī ka nui o ka heluna kanaka e kuhi ʻia i hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahi hohonu o kēia ʻano. Aia kekahi ʻikepili i hōʻike ʻole ʻia e hōʻike ana i ka emi nui o ka heluna kanaka o nā Comoros i nā makahiki 1990. ʻO kēia hoʻoliʻiliʻi pōmaikaʻi ma muli o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o ka iʻa i ka laina lawaiʻa a nā lawaiʻa kūloko e ʻimi ana i nā iʻa iʻa hohonu hohonu. ʻO ka hopu ʻana (ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia) o nā wahine i ke kahua o ka hānau ʻana he mea hoʻoweliweli loa ia.
