He relic ola maoli ʻo Arapaima, kahi iʻa i like ka makahiki me nā dinosaur. ʻO kēia mea kupaianaha e noho nei i nā kahawai a me nā loko o ʻAmelika Hema i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā iʻa wai nui nui ma ka honua: ʻo kekahi mau beluga wale nō ka mea i ʻoi aku i ka nui o ka arapaima.
Hōʻike o arapaima
ʻO Arapaima kahi iʻa iʻa iʻa iʻa i loaʻa ʻole i nā kai pāhuli... No ka ʻohana Aravan ʻo ia, a no ka ʻaoʻao Aravana. ʻO Arapaima gigas - ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka inoa ʻepekema. A he ʻano ʻokoʻa kā kēia mōʻī ola.
Helehelena
ʻO Arapaima kahi iʻa iʻa wai nui nui: ulu mau ʻo ia i ka lōʻihi a i ʻelua mau mika, akā hiki i kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha ke piʻi i ʻekolu mika ka lōʻihi. A, inā ʻoe e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka hōʻike a nā maka maka maka, a laila aia kekahi mau arapaims a hiki i ka 4.6 mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi laʻana nui loa i hopu ʻia ʻo 200 kg. Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kino o kēia iʻa, pālahalaha iki ʻia a pili ikaika i kahi poʻo elongated liʻiliʻi.
He palahalaha ko luna o ka iwi poʻo, ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā maka i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka waha, ʻaʻole nui ka waha a kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe. Ikaika a ikaika hoʻi ka huelo, mahalo iā ia e hiki ai i ka iʻa ke hana i nā kīloi ikaika, wikiwiki a kōkua pū kekahi iā ia e lele i waho o ka wai, alualu i ka mea pio. ʻO nā unahi e uhi ana i ke kino i multilayered i ka hanana, nui a embossed. Uhi nā papa iwi i ke poʻo o ka iʻa.
Hoihoi ia! Mahalo i kona unahi, unahi ikaika ikaika, he ʻumi mau manawa ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ka iwi i ka ikaika, hiki i ka arapaima ke noho i nā waihona like me nā piranhas, ka mea e hoʻāʻo ʻole e hoʻouka iā ia, me ka hōʻeha ʻole iā lākou iho.
ʻOi nā haʻahaʻa o nā iʻa o kēia iʻa ma kahi haʻahaʻa: ʻaneʻane kokoke i ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke dorsal a me nā anal anal ua lōʻihi a like me ka neʻe ʻana i ka hiʻu ponoʻī. Ma muli o kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻano hoe, e hāʻawi ana i ka iʻa e holo wikiwiki i ka wā e holo ai i ka ʻai.
ʻO ka ʻāpana mua o ke kino o kēia relic ola ka ʻoliva-ʻeleʻele kala me kahi aniani bluish. Ma kahi kokoke i nā palaka paʻa ʻole, holo mālie ke kala ʻoliva i ka ʻulaʻula, a i ka pae o ka huelo e ʻulaʻula ia. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka huelo me kahi palena ākea, ʻeleʻele. Hiki i nā operculums ke kala i ka ʻulaʻula. Hōʻike maikaʻi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i kēia mau iʻa: he kino lōkahi ke kāne a ʻoi aku ka ʻōlinolino o ke kala. A ʻo nā ʻōpio wale nō, me ka nānā ʻole i kā lākou moekolohe, he ʻano like, ʻaʻole ʻālohilohi o ke kala.
Hana, nohona nohona
Ke hoʻāʻo nei ʻo Arapaima e pili pono i ka nohona o lalo, akā hiki iā ia ke ʻimi kokoke hoʻi i ka papa o ka wai. Ke ʻimi mau nei kēia iʻa nui i ka meaʻai, no laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i ka neʻe ʻole: inā ʻaʻole i ka manawa o ke alualu ʻana i ka mea pio a i kahi hoʻomaha iki paha. ʻO Arapaima, mahalo i kāna huelo mana, hiki ke lele i waho o ka wai i kona lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma 2-3, a me 4 mau mika paha. Hana pinepine ʻo ia i kēia ke alualu ʻana i kāna mea pio, ke hoʻāʻo nei e lele iā ia a holo aku paha ma nā lālā ulu haʻahaʻa o kahi lāʻau.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka papa o ka pharynx a me ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau i loko o kēia mea kupaianaha i piha me kahi pūnaewele paʻa o nā kīʻaha koko, a i loko o kāna ʻano ua like ia me nā hunaola, kahi e hoʻohālikelike ai i ke ʻano me nāʻiʻo māmā.
No laila, hana ka pharynx a me ka ʻauʻau i loko o kēia iʻa i nā hana o kahi mea hanu hou. Mahalo iā lākou, hiki i ka arapaima ke hanu i ka ea lewa, nāna e kōkua iā ia e ola i ka maloʻo.
Ke hele a papakū nā waihona wai, burrows ia i ka silt mākū a i ʻole ke one, akā i ka manawa like e piʻi ai i ka papa i kēlā me kēia mau minuke i mea e hanu ai ka ea, ʻo ia hoʻi, hana nui ʻole ia i nā kani mai kona mau hanu leo nui i lawe ʻia i ka ʻāina āpau. ʻAʻole hiki ke kāhea iā arapaima iʻa iʻa aquarium, akā naʻe, mālama mau ʻia ia i ka noho pio ʻana, kahi e ulu ʻole ai i kahi nui nui, hiki paha i 50-150 cm ke lōʻihi.
Mālama pinepine kēia iʻa i nā zoo a me nā aquarium.... ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana iā ia i ke pio ʻana, inā wale no no ka mea pono ʻoe i kahi aquarium nui a me ka mālama mau ʻana o kahi mahana mahana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hiki i kahi kulu o ka mahana o ka wai a ʻo 2-3 mau kekelē ke alakaʻi i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole no kēlā iʻa aloha wela. Eia nō naʻe, mālama ʻia ka arapaima e kekahi poʻe aquarist amateur, ka mea hiki, hiki ke hana i nā nohona kūpono nona.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka arapaima
ʻAʻohe ʻikepili hilinaʻi e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā pilikua i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i nā iʻa iʻa e like me nā iʻa o ke ola a me ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana iā lākou, ola no 10-20 mau makahiki, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ma ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe e noho nei ma kahi o 8-10 mau makahiki, ke ʻole, ʻoiai, ua paʻa mua lākou nā lawaiʻa ma ka ʻupena a i ʻole ma ka hāpa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho kēia fossil ola ma Amazon, ma nā ʻāina e like me Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana a me Brazil. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻopunipuni ʻia kēia ʻano i nā waihona wai o Thailand a me Malaysia.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, makemake ka iʻa e noho i nā kahawai a i loko o nā loko i piha i nā mea kanu wai, akā ʻike ʻia ia i loko o nā waihona wai kahawai ʻē aʻe me ka wai mehana, a ʻo ke ana wela mai + 25 a +29 kekelē.
Hoihoi ia! I ka wā ua, ua maʻa mau ka arapaima i ka neʻe ʻana i nā nāhelehele kahawai i hoʻopiha ʻia, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau maloʻo, hoʻi i nā muliwai a me nā loko.
Inā, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maloʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻi i ko lākou waihona wai ʻōiwi, ola ke arapaima i kēia manawa ma nā loko liʻiliʻi e waiho ana ma waenakonu o ka ululāʻau ma hope o ka emi ʻana o ka wai. No laila, hoʻi i ka muliwai a i ʻole loko, inā laki ʻo ia e ola i ka wā maloʻo, hoʻi wale ka iʻa ma hope o ke kau ua hou, ke hoʻomaka hou ka wai e hoʻi hou.
ʻAi a Arapaima
He ʻaihue dexterous a weliweli hoʻi ʻo ʻArapaima, ka hapa nui o kāna mau papaʻai he iʻa liʻiliʻi a me waena. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka manawa kūpono e alualu ai i nā mea māmele liʻiliʻi a me nā manu e noho ana ma nā lālā o kahi kumu lāʻau a i ʻole e iho ana i kahi kahawai a i loko wai e inu ai.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōpio o kēia ʻano e ka moekolohe nui loa i ka meaʻai a ʻai i nā mea āpau: nā iʻa waena, larva a me nā ʻelele makua, nā nāhesa liʻiliʻi, nā manu liʻiliʻi a holoholona paha, a me ke kupapaʻu paha.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka "ipu" punahele a Arapaima kona hoahānau mamao loa, ʻo Aravana, no ka ʻaoʻao Aravana kekahi.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hānai nui ʻia kēia mau iʻa me ka meaʻai protein: hānai lākou iā lākou e ʻokiʻoki i ke kai a iʻa iʻa wai ʻono paha, iʻa moa, nā pipi pipi, a me nā mollusks a me nā amphibians. Ke manaʻo nei i loko o ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe ka Arapaima e hoʻolilo ai i ka manawa he nui i ka alualu ʻana i nā pio, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i loko o ka aquarium kahi e noho ai. Hānai nā mākua i kēia ala i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, akā pono e hānai ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻekolu manawa, ʻaʻole emi iho. Inā hoʻolohi ʻia ka hānai ʻana, a laila hiki i nā arapaim ulu ke hoʻomaka e alualu i ka iʻa e noho ana i ka aquarium like me ia.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻohua hou ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka makahiki 5 a me ka nui ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika... I ke kūlohelohe, ka hū ʻana i ka arapaima i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a i ʻole ka mua o ka hoʻoilo: e like paha, i Pepeluali-Malaki. I ka manawa like, hoʻomākaukau ka wahine i ka pūnana no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua i mua, ʻoiai ma mua o ka hānau ʻana. No kēia mau kumu, koho ʻo ia i kahi waihona pāpaʻu a mehana me kahi one o lalo, kahi ʻaʻohe au i kēia manawa a ʻike iki ʻia paha. Ma laila, ma ka lalo, ʻeli ʻo ia i kahi lua 50 a 80 cm ākea a 15 a 20 cm hohonu, kahi ma hope, hoʻi me ke kāne, a hoʻomoe i nā hua manu i nui ka nui.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau lā, hū nā hua a pua mai nā pua mai iā lākou. I kēia mau manawa āpau, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua manu e ka wahine a hiki i ka manawa ke kūʻokoʻa nā ʻōpio, aia ke kāne ma hope o kāna keiki: pale, mālama, mālama iā ia a hānai pū hoʻi iā ia. Akā ʻaʻole hele lōʻihi ka wahine: kiaʻi ʻo ia i ka pūnana, neʻe aku iā ia ma mua o 10-15 mau mika.
Hoihoi ia! I ka manawa mua, kokoke mau ka ʻai i ke kāne: hānai lākou i nā mea keʻokeʻo, i hūnā ʻia e nā ʻōpū kokoke i kona mau maka. Ma muli o kona pilau kikoʻī, lawelawe ʻia kēia mea like ma ke ʻano he ipukukui no nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, e paipai ana i ka ʻai e ʻauʻau ai lākou i ka maka o ko lākou makuakāne.
I ka wā mua, ulu wikiwiki nā ʻōpio a loaʻa pono ke kaupaona: ma ka awelika, ulu lākou i 5 cm i kēlā me kēia mahina a hoʻonui i ka 100 gram. Hoʻomaka ka palai e alakaʻi i kahi nohona predatory i loko o hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ko lākou hānau ʻana, a i ka manawa like ke kūʻokoʻa lākou. I ka manawa mua, e hoʻomaka ana e alualu, hānai lākou i ka plankton a me nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi, a ma hope wale nō e neʻe ai i nā iʻa kaulike a me nā mea pio "mākua" ʻē aʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, hoʻomau ka iʻa mākua i ka mālama ʻana i kā lākou keiki no ʻekolu mau mahina hou. Maliʻa o kēia mālama ʻana, he mea ʻokoʻa loa ia no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, i wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻike ka ʻai o nā arapaim pehea e hanu ai i ka ea lewa a hiki i kekahi mau makahiki a aʻo aku ko lākou mau mākua iā lākou ma hope.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ko lākou wahi maoli, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi o ka arapaima, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā piranhas ke nahu ma o kāna mau unahi ikaika kupaianaha. Aia kekahi hōʻike anecdotal e ʻimi nā alligators i kēia mau iʻa i kekahi manawa, akā ʻo kēia, e like me ka hōʻike a nā mea ʻike maka, kākaʻikahi loa ia.
Waiwai kālepa
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Arapaima ka mea ʻai nui a nā Indiania Amazonian no nā kenekulia.... No ke kala ʻalani-ʻalani momona o ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa a no nā kaha ʻulaʻula i kāna mau unahi, ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ʻo "abala" o ʻAmelika Hema "piraruka", ʻo ia hoʻi "iʻa ʻulaʻula" a ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa lua i ka arapaima ma hope.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā India, he mau kenekulia i hala aku nei, hoʻomohala i kā lākou hana ponoʻī no ka hopu ʻana i ka arapaima: ma ke ʻano he rula, ua alualu lākou i kā lākou mea pio e kona ʻano a me ka leo nui o ka hanu ʻana, a ma hope ua kuʻi lākou i ka iʻa me kahi hāpa a hopu paha iā lākou i ka ʻupena.
Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo Arapaima ʻono a momona, a hoʻohana mau ʻia kona mau iwi i ka lāʻau India. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hana i nā pā, a hana ʻia nā faile mai nā unahi o kēia iʻa, kahi e koi nui ʻia nei ma waena o nā mea mākaʻikaʻi haole ma ka mākeke hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo kūloko. ʻO ka ʻiʻo o kēia iʻa i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai a mahalo nui ʻia. A ʻo kona waiwai i nā mākeke ma ʻAmelika Hema e mau mau ana ka kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ia ke kumu no ka pāpā ʻole ʻana i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāina ʻaʻole e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka arapaima i waiwai a makemake ʻia no nā lawaiʻa kūloko.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻōnaehana, eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻupena, hoʻomau mau ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā arapaima i loko o nā makahiki he haneli i hala, a eia hoʻi, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia no nā kānaka nui loa o ka arapaima, kahi i ʻimi ʻia me ka manaʻo ʻole, no ka mea he mau iʻa nui kēlā i manaʻo ʻia he lili. hopu. I kēia manawa, i nā wahi i noho nui ʻia o ka Amazon, ʻano liʻiliʻi loa ia i kēia manawa ke ʻike i kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano i ʻoi aku i ka ʻelua mika ka lōʻihi. I kekahi mau wahi o ka laulā, pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana, akā ʻaʻole ia e kāohi i nā mea ʻai holoholona a me nā India kūloko mai ka hopu ʻana i ka arapaima: ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻume ʻia ka mea mua i kēia iʻa e ke kumukūʻai nui mau o kāna ʻiʻo, a hana wale ka hope i ka mea like a ko lākou mau kūpuna i hana ai no nā kenekulia he nui, no lākou ʻO ka arapaima ka mea nui i ka papaʻai.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Mudskippers
- Mano Goblin, a i ʻole manō goblin
- Nā Stingrays (lat. Batomorphi)
- Monkfish (anglers)
ʻO kekahi mau mahiʻai ʻo Brazil, e makemake ana e hoʻonui i ka nui o kēia mau iʻa a loaʻa ka ʻae kūloko, ua hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano hana o ka hānau ʻana o kēia laha i ka paʻa pio. Ma hope o kēlā ua hopu lākou i nā iʻa mākua i ko lākou wahi maoli a, ua hoʻoneʻe iā lākou i nā waihona wai ʻimi, hoʻomaka e hānau i ka arapaima i ke pio ʻana, i nā loko iʻa a me nā waihona wai. No laila, hopohopo ka poʻe e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana o kēia ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa e hoʻopiha i ka mākeke me ka ʻiʻo arapaim pio a, no laila, e hoʻēmi i kā lākou iʻa i nā waihona kūlohelohe, kahi i noho ai kēia iʻa i mau miliona mau makahiki.
Mea nui! Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka helu o kēia laha a inā e emi ana a ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole hiki i ka IUCN ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka arapaima ma ke ʻano he ʻano palekana. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia iʻa i kēia manawa ka lawa ʻole o ke kūlana ʻikepili.
He mea kupaianaha ʻo Arapaima e ola nei a hiki i kēia lā... Ma muli o ka mea i loko o ka nohona hihiu ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi, koe wale no nā hoʻouka kū kaʻawale i nā iʻa alligator, me he mea lā e holomua kēia ʻano. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ke koi no ka ʻiʻo arapaim, ke emi mau nei kā lākou helu. Ke hana nei nā mea hoʻoulu holoholona i nā hana hiki ke mālama i kēia mōʻī ola, i noho ʻia no nā makahiki he mau miliona, a eia kekahi, ua hoʻāʻo nei kēia iʻa e hānau i ka pio. A e haʻi wale ka manawa inā e kūleʻa kēia mau hoʻāʻo a inā, mahalo iā lākou, hiki ke mālama i nā arapaim i ko lākou wahi maoli.
