ʻO ka lio hapa, hapa-zebra a me kahi giraffe liʻiliʻi - ʻo ia ka okapi, nona ka ʻike ʻana i lilo i ʻano ʻepekema nui o ka 20 kenekulia.
Hōʻike o ka okapi
ʻO Okapia johnstoni -ʻO kā Oketona okapi, a i ʻole ʻo okapi wale nō, ʻo ia wale nō ka artiodactyl o ke ʻano like ʻo Okapia, kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻohana giraffe... Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole like ka nui o nā mea like i ʻike ʻia me nā giraffes e like me ko lākou kūpuna, a me nā zebras (ma ke ʻano o ke kala) a me nā lio (i ke ʻano kino).
Helehelena
Maikaʻi loa ʻo Okapi - ʻo ka ʻahuʻula ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ma ke poʻo, nā ʻaoʻao a me ka rump i loli koke i nā wāwae i kahi leo keʻokeʻo me nā kaha ʻeleʻele kūlike ʻole e hoʻohālikelike i ke kumu o ka zebra. Kūpono ka huelo (30-40 cm), e pau ana i kahi kaula. ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea āpau, like ka ʻokapi me kahi lio kala ʻeleʻele, i loaʻa nā pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi (ossicons) me ka horny, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo pani makahiki.
He artiodactyl nui ia, ʻaneʻane 2 m ka lōʻihi, i kaumaha i ke ʻano makua a hiki i 2.5 kenekulia i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo o 1.5-1.72 m. ʻO ke poʻo o ke poʻo a me nā pepeiao e hana hou i ka hope kokoleka o ke kino, akā ʻo ka waha (mai ke kumu o nā pepeiao a i ka ʻāʻī) keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā maka ʻeleʻele nunui e kūlike ʻole ana. Pālahalaha nā pepeiao o ka ʻapiʻi, tubular a me ke kelepona loa; ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka ʻāʻī ma mua o ka giraffe a like ia me 2/3 ka lōʻihi o ke kino.
Hoihoi ia! He lōʻihi a lahilahi ko ka ʻapiapi, ʻaneʻane 40 mau kenekulia bluish alelo, me ke kōkua o ka holoi ʻana o ka holoholona, e palu ana me ka mālie i kona mau maka a me ka ʻumeʻume ʻole e kiʻi i nā auricle.
Māhele ʻia ka lehelehe luna i waenakonu e kahi kaha kū i luna o ka ʻili hune. ʻAʻohe o gallapiʻi ʻo Okapi, akā he mau ʻeke papalina ma nā ʻaoʻao a ʻelua o ka waha kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka meaʻai.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO Okapi, ʻaʻole like me nā giraffes aloha, makemake e noho hoʻokahi a ʻākoakoa iki i nā hui (ʻo ka maʻamau kēia ke ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai). Pili nā wahi pilikino o nā kāne kekahi i kekahi a ʻaʻohe o lākou palena kikoʻī (ʻaʻole like me nā panalāʻau o nā wahine), akā ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou i nā wahi a hiki i 2.5-5 km2. ʻAi ʻia nā holoholona i ka hapanui o ke ao, e hāmau ana i ko lākou ala i loko o nā mānoanoa, akā i kekahi manawa e ʻae lākou i kahi ala o ke ahiahi. Hoʻomaha lākou i ka pō, me ka nalowale ʻole o kā lākou makaʻala kūlohelohe: ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka ʻike o ka ʻkapi, hoʻomohala pono ʻia ka lohe a me ka honi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻohe o Okapi Johnston kaula kani, no laila hana ʻia nā kani ke kani ka ea. Kūkākūkā nā holoholona me kekahi me kahi ʻāwī palupalu, hum, a i ʻole ka uā haʻahaʻa.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Okapi e ka maʻemaʻe a me ka makemake e palu i ko lākou ʻili nani no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole ia e pale iā lākou mai ka māka ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī me ka mimi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua waiho wale ʻia kēlā mau māka ʻala e nā kāne wale nō, a hōʻike ka wahine i ko lākou alo ma ka ʻānai ʻana i ko lākou ʻāʻī me nā ʻōkuhi ʻala ma nā kumu. Hoʻopili nā kāne i ko lākou ʻāʻī i nā kumulāʻau.
Ke mālama pū ʻia, no ka laʻana, i loko o kahi zoo, hoʻomaka ka okapis e nānā i kahi hierarchy maopopo, a i ka hakakā no ka noho aliʻi kiʻekiʻe loa lākou i kuʻi i ko lākou mau hoa paio me ko lākou mau poʻo a me nā kui. Ke loaʻa ke alakaʻi, hoʻāʻo nā holoholona i ka maka ma mua o ka hana ma mua o nā mea ma lalo o ka poloka i ko lākou ʻāʻī a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ko lākou poʻo. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā okapis kūlana haʻahaʻa i ko lākou poʻo / ʻāʻī pololei ma ka honua ke mahalo nei i nā alakaʻi.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o okapi
Manaʻo ʻia aia i ka nāhelehele, ola nā okapis a 15-25 mau makahiki, akā noho lōʻihi loa i nā pāka Zoological, e hele pinepine ana i ka māka 30 makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻO ke kāne mai ka wahine, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ossicons... ʻO ka ulu o nā kāne, 10-12 knm ka lōʻihi, aia ma nā iwi alo a kuhikuhi i hope a obliquely. ʻO nā poʻo o nā ossicons he ʻōlohelohe a hoʻopau paha i nā ʻāpana horny liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahine ʻaʻohe pepeiaohao, a inā ulu lākou, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui i nā kāne a uhi mau ʻia me ka ʻili. ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kala o ke kino - ʻoi aku ka pouli o nā wahine ʻōpio ma mua o nā kāne.
Okapi ʻike mōʻaukala
ʻO ka paionia o okapi ka mea huakaʻi Pelekane kaulana a me ka mea ʻimi ʻĀpelika ʻo Henry Morton Stanley, i ka makahiki 1890 i hōʻea i nā wao akua maʻemaʻe o Kongo. Ma laila ʻo ia i hui ai me nā pygmies, ka mea i pūʻiwa ʻole ʻia e nā lio ʻEulopa, e ʻōlelo ana he ʻane like nā holoholona like e holoholo ma nā ululāʻau kūloko. Ma hope iki, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā "lio ulu lāʻau", i ʻōlelo ʻia i loko o kekahi o kā Stanley mau hōʻike, e nānā i ke kanaka Pelekane ʻelua, ke kiaʻāina o Uganda Johnston.
Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hanana kūpono iā ia iho i ka 1899, i ka manawa i wehewehe ʻia ai ka waho o ka "lio ululāʻau" (okapi) i ke kiaʻāina me nā kikoʻī e nā pygmies a me kahi mikionali i kapa ʻia ʻo Lloyd. Hoʻomaka ka hōʻike e hōʻea kekahi ma hope o kekahi: ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hōʻike aku nā mea ʻimi holoholona Belgian iā Johnston me ʻelua ʻāpana o ka ʻili okapi, āna i hoʻouna ai i ka Royal Zoological Society (Ladana).
Hoihoi ia! Ma laila, ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻaʻole pili nā ʻili i kekahi o nā ʻano zebras e noho nei, a i ka hoʻoilo o 1900 ua paʻi ʻia kahi wehewehe o kahi holoholona hou (na ka zoologist Sklater) ma lalo o ka inoa kikoʻī "lio o Johnston".
A i hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ma hope mai, i ka hōʻea ʻana o nā iwi poʻo ʻelua a me kahi ʻili piha i Ladana, ua maopopo he mamao loa lākou mai ka equine, akā like me nā koena o nā progenitors pau o nā giraffe. ʻO ka holoholona i ʻike ʻole ʻia e pono e hoʻohuli i ka inoa, e noi ana i kona inoa kumu "okapi" mai nā pygmies.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻIke wale ʻia ʻo Okapi ma ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo (ʻo Zaire ma mua), ʻoiai ʻaʻole ma mua loa, hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau artiodactyls ma Uganda komohana.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā holoholona e kau ʻia ma ka ʻākau hikina o ka Lepupalika ʻo Kongo, kahi e loaʻa ai nā ululāʻau pāhū paʻakikī e hiki aku ai. Makemake ʻo Okapi e noho kokoke i nā awāwa a me nā kula, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 0.5-1 km ma luna o ka ʻilikai, kahi e nui ai nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Papaʻai Okapi
I nā wao nahele tropical, ʻoi aku ka pinepine i kā lākou pae haʻahaʻa, nānā ʻo okapi i nā wana / lau o nā lāʻau euphorbia a me nā kumulāʻau, a me nā ʻano huaʻai like ʻole, e hele ana i nā manawa e ʻai i nā lau nahele mauʻu. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kumu ʻai o ka okapi ma luna o 100 mau ʻano mai 13 mau ʻohana mea kanu, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i hoʻokomo ʻia i kekahi manawa i kāna papaʻai.
A ʻo 30 wale nō ʻano o nā mea kanu mea kanu e ʻai ʻia e nā holoholona me ka maʻamau lili.... ʻO ka ʻai mau o ka okapi me nā mea ʻai a me nā mea ʻona (ʻoiai no nā kānaka) nā mea kanu.
- lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā pua;
- ferns;
- mauʻu;
- huaʻai;
- ʻulā.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka māhele kiʻekiʻe loa o ka papaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā mai ka lau. Haehae ʻo Okapi iā lākou me kahi neʻe ʻana, i ka wā i hoʻopaʻa mua ai i nā lālā ulu me kāna alelo 40-centimeter.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka naʻau o nā ʻōpala ʻāpiu hihiu e ʻai ai nā holoholona i nā hāpana nui i nā lānahu, a me ka pā paʻakai i piha i ka paʻakai e uhi ana i nā kapa o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai kūloko. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea kālaolaola i kēia ala ʻo okapis no ka hemahema o nā paʻakai mineral i loko o ko lākou mau kino.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ʻo Okapi i nā pāʻani moena i Mei - Iune a Nowemapa paha - Kekemapa. I kēia manawa, hoʻololi nā holoholona i kā lākou nohona noho hoʻokahi a hui pū e hana hou. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana, haki ka wahine, a hāʻule nā hopohopo āpau e pili ana i ka pua ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o ka makuahine. Hāpai ka wahine i ka ʻōpū no nā lā 440, a ma mua iki o ka hānau ʻana e hele i kahi ulu hohonu.
Lawe ʻo Okapi i hoʻokahi nui (mai 14 a 30 kg) a me ke kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa, a ma hope o 20 mau minuke i loaʻa ai ka waiū i ka umauma o ka makuahine, a ma hope o ka hapalua hola e hiki ai ke ukali i ka makuahine. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, moe mālie ke keiki hānau hou i kahi puʻuhonua (hana ʻia e ka wahine i mau lā ʻelua ma hope o ka hānau ʻana) ʻoiai e loaʻa iā ia ka meaʻai. ʻIke ka makuahine i ka pēpē e ke kani e like me nā mea i hana ʻia e nā ʻapi okapi - ka puʻe ʻana, kani ʻole a lohe ʻia paha ka mooing haʻahaʻa.
Hoihoi ia! Mahalo i ka hoʻonohonoho maʻalea o ka digestive tract, hoʻopili ʻia ka waiū o ka makuahine āpau i ka gram hope loa, a ʻaʻohe fopa o ka ʻapiʻi liʻiliʻi (me kahi ʻala e puka mai ana mai iā lākou), kahi e hoʻopakele ai iā ia nui mai nā mea hōkū honua.
Mālama ʻia ka waiū o ka makuahine i ka papaʻai o ka pēpē kokoke a hiki i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki: no nā mahina ʻeono mua, inu mau ka cub iā ia, a no nā mahina ʻeono ʻelua - i kēlā me kēia manawa, mai kēlā me kēia manawa e noi ana i nā nipples. ʻOiai ua hoʻololi ʻia i ka hānai kūʻokoʻa, manaʻo ka cub makua i ka hoʻopili ikaika i ka makuahine a pili mau.
Eia nō naʻe, ikaika kēia pilina ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua - holo wikiwiki ka makuahine e pale i kāna keiki, me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ka weliweli. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mākia ikaika a me nā wāwae ikaika, me ia mea e hakakā aku ai me nā mea ʻimi kūkaʻi. ʻO ka piha o ke kino i nā holoholona ʻōpio i pau ma mua o 3 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka wehe o ka hiki ke hānau - ma nā wahine ma 1 makahiki 7 mahina, a me nā kāne ma 2 makahiki 2 mahina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o ka okapi maʻalahi ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka leopadi, akā, eia ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli mai nā hyenas a me nā liona.... Hōʻike pū kekahi ʻo Pygmies i nā manaʻo aloha ʻole i kēia mau holoholona kīkoa ʻia, e ʻeli ʻana i ka ʻapi no ka pono o ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili nani. Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻolohe maikaʻi a me ke ʻano o ka pilau, paʻakikī loa i nā pygmies ke kolo i luna o ka okapis, no laila hana pinepine lākou i nā lua hei no ka hopu ʻana.
ʻO Okapi i ka pio
I ka manawa a ka honua i ʻike ai i ka noho ʻana o ka ʻkapi, ua hoʻāʻo nā pāka Zoological e kiʻi i ka holoholona laha ʻole i kā lākou hōʻiliʻili ʻana, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hopena. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻkapi mua ma ʻEulopa, a i ʻole, ma ka Zoo Antwerp, i ka makahiki 1919 wale nō, akā, me kona wā ʻōpio, ua noho ʻo ia ma laila no 50 mau lā wale nō. ʻAʻole i kūleʻa kēia mau hoʻāʻo aʻe, a hiki i ka makahiki 1928 ua komo kahi wahine ʻkapi, i kapa ʻia ʻo Tele, i ka Zoo Antwerp.
Ua make ʻo ia ma 1943, akā ʻaʻole ma muli o ka ʻelemakule a i ʻole ke kiaʻi ʻana, akā no ka mea ke holo nei ke Kaua Honua Lua, a ʻaʻohe mea e hānai ai i nā holoholona. ʻO ka makemake e loaʻa nā keiki okapi i ka pio ʻana ua pau i ka holo ʻole. I ka makahiki 1954, ma ia wahi nō, ma Pelekiuma (Antwerp), hānau ʻia kahi okapi hānau hou, akā ʻaʻole ia i hōʻoluʻolu i nā kahu a me nā mea kipa o ka zoo no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai ua make koke ʻo ia.
Hoihoi ia! Ma hope iki o ka hana hou ʻana o ka okapi, i ka makahiki 1956, akā ma Farani, a ʻoi aku paha, i Palisa. I kēia lā okapi (160 mau kānaka) ʻaʻole ola wale nō, akā hoʻopuka maikaʻi hoʻi i nā zoo he 18 a puni ka honua.
A i ka homeland o kēia mau artiodactyls, ma ke kapikala o ka DR Kongo, Kinshasa, ua wehe ʻia kahi kikowaena kahi a lākou e hana ai i ka hei ʻana i ʻae ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka Okapi kahi ʻano i pale ʻia ma lalo o ke kānāwai Congolese a ua helu ʻia ma ka IUCN Red List e like me ka mea i kau ʻia ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli, akā ʻaʻole naʻe ma nā CITES Appendices. ʻAʻohe ʻikepili kūpono i ka nui o ka heluna o ka honua... No laila, e like me ka East East estimates, ka huina nui o ka okapi ma luna o 10 tausani mau kānaka, ʻoiai e like me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe kokoke i 35-50 tausani mau kānaka.
Ke emi nei ka nui o nā holoholona mai 1995, a ʻo kēia ʻano, e like me nā conservationists, e hoʻomau e ulu. Ua kapa ʻia nā kumu nui no ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka.
- hoʻonui i nā wahi noho kanaka;
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa o nā ululāʻau;
- nalo o ka nohona ma muli o ke kālai lāʻau ʻana;
- nā hakakā kaua, me ke kaua kīwila ma Kongo.
ʻO ka helu hope loa kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ke ola o ka okapi, ʻoiai ke komo nei nā pūʻali koa kū ʻole i ke kānāwai i nā wahi pale. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻemi wikiwiki ʻia nā holoholona i nā wahi kahi e ʻimi ʻia ai ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili me nā pahele kūikawā. ʻAʻole i kāohi ʻia nā mea ʻaihue kūloko e ka Okapi Conservation Project (1987), ka mea e pale aku ai i kēia mau holoholona a me ko lākou wahi noho.
