ʻO ka kohola kohola kahi māmele predatory e pili ana i ka ʻohana dolphin a noho ma nā wahi o ka wai holoʻokoʻa o ka Honua Honua. No ka poʻe, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli kēia holoholona, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, a ma kona ʻano maoli he ʻoluʻolu iā lākou. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi o nā mammal kai e like me nā sila a me nā liona kai, ke waiho wale i nā cephalopods a me nā iʻa, ke palekana ma kahi kokoke i kahi ʻā kohola kohola.
Hōʻike o ke kohola kohola
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka kohola kohola kona hoʻohālikelike, ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi, me kāna fin dorsal ʻano crescent kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻike ana i kēia cetacean mai kahi mamao a ʻike maikaʻi ʻia. I kēia manawa, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano kohola kohola i ʻike ʻia, ʻoiai ʻelua mau ʻano o kēia mau mammal kai ma mua o ka Pliocene. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia ka wā Pliocene e waiho nei nā mōʻalihaku o nā kohola kohola make i loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale Italia o Tuscany mai ka lā.
Helehelena
ʻO ka kohola kohola kahi holoholona nui a ʻano maoli ke ʻano.... ʻO ke kino o ka kohola kohola he ʻano elongated, no laila i kona mau kūwaho kūwaho e like loa me ka dolphin. Hiki i kona nui ke piʻi i 10 mau mika, a ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 8 tone. Kiʻekiʻena ka fin dorsal, i kekahi mau kāne nui a hiki i ka 1.6 mika a ʻoi paha. Pālahalaha nā pale umauma o ka kohola kohola, he ʻano lōkahi ko lākou.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka huelo huelo, pōkole, akā ikaika loa: me ke kōkua, hiki i kēia mammal kai ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 55 km / h. Pōkole ke poʻo o ka kohola pepehi kanaka a nānā pālahalaha iki ʻia, a i ka waha, i lako me nā ā āole, aia ʻelua lālani o nā niho nunui, a haehae ka kohola kohola i kāna mea pio. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kēlā me kēia niho o kēia predator kai hiki pinepine i 13 cm.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke kinona o nā kiko i kēlā me kēia kohola pepehi kanaka kahi hiʻohiʻona like like me nā manamana lima i ke kanaka. ʻAʻohe kanaka ʻelua o kēia ʻano, nona nā kiko e like like me ko lākou nui a me ko lākou ʻano.
ʻO ke kala o ka kohola kohola he ʻeleʻele lacquered, i kōkua ʻia e nā kiko keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma luna o nā maka, a me nā kaha keʻokeʻo ʻē aʻe. No laila, keʻokeʻo loa kona ʻāʻī, a aia kahi māka keʻokeʻo lonikū ma kona ʻōpū. Ma ke kua, ma hope o ka fin, aia kahi wahi noho hina hina. I nā koholā killer Arctic a me Antarctic, hiki i nā kiko keʻokeʻo ke lilo i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma muli o nā microscopic diatoms e uhi iā lākou. A ma ka ʻākau o ka Moana Pākīpika, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā koholā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ʻelua hoʻi.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā kohola kohola e mālama i nā hipa, a ʻo kā lākou helu i kahi hui, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau kānaka. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻohana hipa nui a ʻelua a 4 mau kāne makua paha, ʻoiai he lālā wahine ʻē aʻe nā poʻe o ka ʻohana. Holo pinepine nā kohola kohola kāne mai kahi ʻohana a kekahi hipa, akā ʻo nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he noho, noho lākou i ka ʻohana like i ko lākou ola āpau. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā lālā āpau o ka hui ʻana o nā kohola kohola he ʻohana maʻamau a pili ikaika kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi ʻohana nui i nā hui liʻiliʻi, i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia me kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona e pili ana i kēia pūʻulu holoholona, a me nā mea i hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā kohola kohola āpau me ka ʻole o ka ʻohana.
Hiki i ka ʻohana hipa ke hoʻokaʻawale i mau ʻāpana i ka wā e ʻimi ai i kahi pio a i ʻole nā hana ʻē aʻe inā pono e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi hui nui o nā holoholona i kekahi mau liʻiliʻi. Akā hana ʻē aʻe: ke hui nā kohola kohola mai nā ʻohana like ʻole i hoʻokahi hui. Hana kēia i ka wā hānau, ke pono i nā wahine e ʻimi i wahine nāna.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo me nā kāne mai kā lākou hipa, wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, mai hoʻopalau ma muli o ka ʻike he ʻohana lākou. A pili pili pilikino, a i ʻole, e waiho iā ia i kahi ala ʻē aʻe, inbreeding, he mea weliweli ia no ka mea hoʻonui ia i ka likelike o kekahi mau hoʻololi i nā keiki. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka ʻimi ʻana o nā kohola wahine e ʻimi i hoa no lākou iho ma ka ʻaoʻao, i nā ʻohana hipa ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole pili iā ia.
ʻO nā lālā o ka ʻāpana like he ʻoluʻolu loa i kā lākou mau hoa i loko o ka hui like me lākou iho. E ulu pono ke kākoʻo a me ke kōkua like i waena o kēia mau holoholona, a i waena hoʻi o nā dolphins, ke mālama pono nā koholā mea hoʻomake olakino a ikaika hoʻi i ka ʻelemakule, maʻi, a ʻohana ʻeha paha, e mālama a pale iā lākou.
ʻAʻau nui nā koholā pepehi kanaka, ʻau pinepine lākou i loko o nā kai kūʻono, kahi kokoke lākou i kahakai.
E like me nā dolphins, makemake kēia mau māmela kai e pāʻani a maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi. Ma waena o nā koholā, manaʻo ʻia nā koholā mea pepehi kanaka he kolohe a me ka poʻe make i ke koko pili i nā mea he nui nā lono weliweli, akā, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kohola kohola ke hoʻoweliweli i kānaka. I loko o ka mōʻaukala, ʻike ʻia wale kekahi mau hihia o nā kohola kohola e hoʻouka nei i nā kānaka, a laila, ma ke ʻano paʻa, ua paʻa kēia i ka pio, ʻaʻole ma ko lākou wahi maoli.
Hoihoi ia! I ka wā pio, nā kohola kohola, aloha i ka poʻe i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hiki ke lilo i mea ʻoi aku ka hakakā. ʻOiai, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano e ke koʻikoʻi ma muli o ka noho ʻana i kahi ākea, a me ka luhi a me ka ʻiʻini ʻana i kā lākou wahi maʻamau.
Hoʻolālā nā kohola kohola hopu i nā sila, nā liona kai, a me nā māmela kai ʻē aʻe e kokoke ana, akā e ʻenemi paha i nā kānaka a hoʻāʻo hoʻi e hoʻouka iā lākou.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi kohola kohola
Noho lōʻihi nā kohola kohola no nā māmela, ʻoi aku ka emi ma mua o nā koholā... ʻO ke ola maʻamau o nā kohola kohola he 50-60 mau makahiki, akā i nā kūlana maikaʻi hiki ke ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. I ka noho pio ʻana, noho iki kēia mau cetaceans: 2-3 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nahelehele.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻAʻole haʻi iki ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne a me nā wahine, akā naʻe, aia lākou. No laila, ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻo nā kāne o nā kohola kohola ka mea i ʻoi aku ka nui a me ke kaumaha ma mua o nā wahine, a ʻo kā lākou fin dorsal ua aneane pololei i ke ʻano a ʻoi aku - a i 1.5 mau mika, ʻoiai i nā wahine ʻaneʻane hapalua ke kiʻekiʻe a kūlou i hope.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine o nā kohola kohola mai kēlā me kēia me ke kala. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou e pili wale ana i ka lōʻihi o ke kino, ka nui, a me ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka fin dorsal.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka mahele o ka kohola kohola ka mea nui loa: noho kēia mau cetaceans ma nā wahi wai holoʻokoʻa o ka Honua Honua, koe wale nō ka Black, Azov a me nā kai ʻākau ʻelua: ʻo East Siberian a me ke kai Laptev, kahi e noho ʻole ai nā kohola kohola a kahi hiki ʻole iā lākou ke ʻauʻau wale. Hoʻāʻo nā kohola kohola ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ma mua o 800 km mai nā kahakai a ʻoi aku paha ka noho ʻana i nā wahi anuanu a mehana ma mua o nā tropics a i ʻole nā subtropics. I ka wai kaiāulu o Rūsia, hiki ke ʻike mau ʻia kēia mau holoholona kai kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril a me Commander.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā kohola kohola ke luʻu i ka hohonu o 300 mau mika, akā naʻe, makemake lākou ʻaʻole e noho ma lalo o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi: ma hope o 4 mau minuke lākou e puka aʻe i luna.
ʻAi kohola kohola
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai o nā kohola kohola ka iʻa, cephalopods a me nā māmela kai, me nā koholā, i ʻoi aku i nā kohola kohola i ka nui a me ke kaupaona..
I ka manawa like, makemake kekahi poʻe e ʻimi holoholona, e laʻa me ka iʻa, ʻoiai he kohola kohola ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma kahi o ka māhele like i makemake ai, e laʻa me nā sila e like me ka pāʻani. ʻO ka papaʻai o kēia mau cetaceans kaukaʻi ʻia i nā mea i loaʻa nā lālā: transit a noho sedentary paha. ʻAi nā kānaka kūmau i ka iʻa a me nā iʻa e like me ka heʻe a heʻe paha.
I kekahi manawa naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi no nā sila hulu pēpē, maʻalahi maʻalahi no lākou a mai kēīa mea i makemake ʻia. Akā ʻo nā koholā killer transit he super-predators maoli. Hoʻouka lākou me kahi pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa ʻaʻole wale nā koholā maluhia a i ʻole nā dolphins, akā ʻo nā manō make koko. I ka manawa like, i ka hanana o ka hoʻokuʻi, ʻaʻohe manawa kūpono o ka manō kūʻē iā lākou: ʻo ke kohola pepehi kanaka makua, ʻo ia wale nō, ʻaʻole ma kahi ʻohana, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha iā ia me nā niho ikaika a ikaika hoʻi.
Holo kohola kohola, pinepine i nā hui. No laila, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka iʻa, huli lākou i hoʻokahi laina a, mālama mau i ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi ma o ka eolococation, i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea pio, kalaiwa i kula o ka iʻa i luna, e hana ana i ka manawa like kekahi ʻano pōpō puʻupuʻu, ʻo ia ka iʻa, a kaomi iā ia i ke kahakai. ... A laila hoʻokū aʻe nā kohola kohola i ka iʻa me ka pā ikaika o ka huelo.
Hoihoi ia! E kohola nā koholā e noho kokoke ana i ke kapakai o Patagonia a ʻimi i nā liona kai a lele i uka i mea e hopu ai i kā lākou mea pio. No laila, ʻoiai ma kahakai, ʻaʻole hiki ke palekana i nā pūʻā pinnipeds. A i ka huki ʻana i nā sila a i ʻole nā penguins ma ka hau, luʻu paha kēia mau cetaceans ma lalo o ka hau a laila puhi i ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa, hoʻohuli iā ia, a i ʻole me ke kōkua o ke kuʻi ʻana o kā lākou huelo, hana nā kohola kohola i kahi nalu kuhikuhi kiʻekiʻe, kahi e holoi ai lākou i kā lākou mea pio i loko o ke kai.
Ke ʻimi no nā sila, hoʻonohonoho nā kohola koholā i kahi hoʻohālua maoli, e hoʻohana akamai ana i ka palapala honua no kēia kumu. Kipaku aku kēia mau mea neʻe i ke kai i nā iʻa ma kēlā me kēia manawa, a i ʻole ke hoʻopuni ʻana iā lākou me nā hui e hana i ka ʻeke. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā koholā nui e nā kāne wale nō, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki i nā wahine ke kū me kahi ikaika a weliweli paha no lākou ka pilikua maluhia. ʻO nā kohola kāne kāne, ua kī i ka kohola, lālau i ka mea i loaʻa i ka ʻāʻī a me nā lūlū i hiki ʻole ke piʻi i luna. I ka ʻimi no nā koholā sperm wahine, komo pū nā wahine.
I kēia hihia, ʻo kā lākou hana ke kūʻē: e pale aku i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia mai ka hele ʻana i ka hohonu. Akā ʻalo ʻia nā kohola sperm kāne e nā kohola kohola, no ka mea ua ʻoi loa ka ikaika no lākou a hiki ke hoʻokau i kahi weliweli koʻikoʻi. Ma ke ʻano he lula, ke ʻimi ʻana i nā cetaceans nui, hoʻāʻo nā kohola kohola e hakakā i kahi holoholona maʻi a nāwaliwali paha mai ka pūʻā. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hiki i nā kohola koholā ke hoʻouka i kahi keiki makua. Akā i kekahi manawa paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻoiai ke pale ikaika nei nā koholā i kā lākou keiki, i kekahi manawa ke pale wale nei i ka ʻohana o nā kohola kohola mai ka hoʻokokoke ʻana i kā lākou mau keiki, me ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻole i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻonāwaliwali iā lākou mai ko lākou makuahine.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hānau o nā kohola kohola. Hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke manaʻo wale i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka manawa hānau o kēia mau mea ʻino kai i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela.
ʻAʻoleʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana i nā koholā mea pepehi wahine. Manaʻo wale nā Zoologists e hāpai nā wahine o kēia ʻano i kā lākou mau keiki ma lalo o 16-17 mau mahina. Akā ʻike ʻia no ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō keiki hānau i ka manawa kūpono.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka ʻōpio ʻōpio i nā kohola koholā ʻōpio i 12-14 mau makahiki, mai kēia mau makahiki hiki i kēia mau cetaceans ke hana hou. Noho mau nā kāne makua i ka ʻohana a ko lākou makuahine, a haʻalele nā wahine ʻōpio i kahi hui o nā kohola kohola i mea e hui pū ai me kekahi o nā ʻohana e kū nei a i loaʻa paha kahi mea hou.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi kohola pepehi kanaka hānau hou i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana ua 2.5-2.7 mau mika. I loko o kona ola ʻana, hānau ka wahine o kēia mau cetaceans, ma ka awelika, i ʻeono o kāna mau keiki. Hoʻomaha ia i ka hana hou ʻana ma kahi o ke kanahā o kona mau makahiki, akā ʻoiai ma hope o ke ola ʻana no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa: i kekahi manawa a i mau makahiki he ʻumi paha.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kohola koholā, ʻoiai makaʻu nā manō e hoʻopili aku iā ia... ʻOiai inā he hoʻouka kaua pinepine ʻia e nā manō nunui ma nā koholā ʻōpio a nāwaliwali nāwaliwali paha, ʻo ka iʻa predatory loaʻa iki ka manawa iki e lanakila. A hāʻawi ʻia ʻaʻohe mea hōʻeuʻeu i ke kai i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka manō keʻokeʻo like a i ʻole ka kohola kohola ponoʻī, a laila ʻaʻole pono kēia mau cetacean e makaʻu i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe.
Ma muli o kēia, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo he hiki wale i kahi kanaka ke makaʻu no nā kohola kohola, a ʻaʻole ia iā ia iho e like me kāna mau hana i ka ʻeli ʻana i ke kai, a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me nā cephalopod molluscs, i alakaʻi ʻia i kekahi o nā ʻāina I ka hihia hope, ʻeha nā mea ʻino ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo i ka hōʻino ʻana i kā lākou lako meaʻai nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻAʻohe ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka helu o nā kohola kohola. ʻO ke ʻano, i kēia manawa, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana o "lawa ʻole ka ʻikepili", ʻoiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia mau holoholona, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ko lākou ʻano a me ka lawena. ʻO nā kohola hoʻomake akahele, ʻoiai ko lākou aloha i ka poʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻae i nā mea noiʻi e hoʻokokoke wale iā lākou iho, me ka ʻōlelo ʻole ua hōʻoluʻolu lākou i ke kau ʻana o kahi kukui uila ma ko lākou kino.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka lawa ʻole o ke aʻo ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ola o kēia mau cetaceans a me ka nele o ka ʻike nui e pili ana iā lākou, manaʻo ka ʻepekema ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā kohola kohola i ka wā e hiki mai ana, no ka mea he ʻano laha maʻamau kēia, nona ka wahi e uhi ai i ka ʻāina a kokoke i ka Honua holoʻokoʻa. moana, kai.
Waiwai kālepa
Ma ke kūlana kūloko, ua pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kohola kohola i ka honua āpau āpau i ka makahiki 1982 ma hope o ka hoʻolauna ʻia ʻana o kahi moratorium kūikawā e hoʻomalu ana i kēia mau holoholona mai ka heleleʻi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a, a ʻo ka make paha hoʻi ma hope. Eia nō naʻe, me kēia moratorium, ʻo kekahi mau lāhui ʻōiwi, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe e noho ana i ka ʻĀkau, kahi nui ʻole nā pāʻani, e hoʻomau i ka ʻimi i kēia mau cetaceans. ʻAʻole hiki ke pāpā ʻia kēlā lawaiʻa amateur i ka pae kau kānāwai. Akā i loko o nā ʻāina lāhui, hopu ʻia nā kohola kohola no nā hana ʻepekema a no ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i nā aquarium no ka leʻaleʻa o ka lehulehu.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia manawa, manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka mālama ʻana i nā koholā mea pepehi kanaka i loko o ke pio. emi aloha. ʻAʻohe lākou hoʻonāukiuki i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e noho kokoke ana, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i kā lākou mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa. E hoʻomaopopo ʻia hoʻi ʻaʻole ka kuleana iki i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā kohola kohola ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia mau mea ʻino e noho pio ana ma mua o ka poʻe o lākou e noho kūʻokoʻa ana.
He mea ikaika a nani hoʻi ka mea pepehi kohola i ka mea hoʻopono kai kokoke loa i nā dolphins a pili i ka ʻohana like. Noho nā kohola kohola i ka Moana Honua, ma loko o kona wahi wai, akā makemake lākou e noho i ke kai anuanu a mehana. ʻAʻau pinepine lākou i nā tropika a, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, mai noho ma laila no ka manawa lōʻihi. He hanana kaiāulu hoihoi loa kēia mau holoholona i ʻano like ʻole me kekahi mea e like me ka noʻonoʻo hui. Mālama nā kohola kohola i nā mea huna a me nā mea pohihihi a nā ʻepekema e aʻo ai iā lākou e aʻo ʻole ai.
