ʻO ka hippos, a i ʻole ka hippos (Нirrootamus) kahi ʻano nui nui, i hōʻike ʻia e nā artiodactyls, i hoʻopili ʻia i kēia manawa wale nō nā lā hou, ka hippopotamus maʻamau, a me kahi helu nui o nā mea make.
Hōʻike o ka hippos
ʻO ka inoa Lākina no ka hippos i hōʻaiʻē ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Helene kahiko, kahi i kapa ʻia kēlā mau holoholona he "lio muliwai". ʻO kēia kahi e kāhea ai ka poʻe Helene kahiko i nā holoholona nunui e noho ana i ka wai hou a hiki ke hana i nā leo nui, e like me ke ʻano o ka lio. Ma nā panalāʻau o ko mākou ʻāina a me kekahi mau ʻāina CIS, ua kapa ʻia kēlā ʻano mammal he hippopotamus, akā ma ka laulā, ʻo ka hippos a me nā hippos hoʻokahi holoholona like.
Hoihoi ia! I ka mua, ʻo nā puaʻa ka ʻohana pili loa o ka hippos, akā mahalo i ka noiʻi i mālama ʻia he ʻumi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻoia ʻia aia nā pilina pili loa me nā kohola.
Hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona maʻamau e ka hiki o ia mau holoholona e hoʻohua i kā lākou keiki a hānai i nā pēpē ma lalo o ka wai, ka loaʻa ʻole o nā gland sebaceous, ke kū ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana kūikawā o nā hōʻailona i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kamaʻilio, a me ke ʻano o nā mea hānau.
Helehelena
ʻAʻole ʻae ka helehelena hippos iā lākou e huikau me nā holoholona hihiu nui ʻē aʻe. He kino nunui ko lākou ʻano barela a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui i nā ʻelepani. Ulu ʻo Hipopotō i loko o ko lākou ola, a i ka makahiki he ʻumi, aneane like ke kaupaona o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Ma hope wale nō o ia manawa, hoʻomaka nā kāne e hoʻonui i ke kaumaha o ke kino e like me ka hiki, no laila ua lilo lākou i mea nui ma mua o nā wahine.
Aia ke kino nui ma nā wāwae pōkole, no laila, i ke kaʻina o ka hele wāwae, pā ka ʻōpū o ka holoholona i ka papa o ka honua. Ma nā wāwae he ʻehā manamana wāwae a he kuʻi ʻano ʻē. I ka hakahaka ma waena o nā manamana lima he mau membrane, mahalo i hiki i ka māmala ke ʻau pono. Hiki i ka huelo o ka hippopotamus maʻamau i ka lōʻihi o 55- 56 cm, mānoanoa ma ke kumu, puni, huli a maʻalahi a kokoke i ka hopena. Ma muli o ke kūlana kūikawā o ka huelo, pīpī nā holoholona hihiu i kā lākou mau lepo i kahi mamao kupaianaha a māka i ko lākou ʻāina āpau i kahi ʻano maʻamau.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke poʻo o ka hippopotamus makua, ka nui o ka nui, noho i ka hapahā o ka nui o ka holoholona a kau pinepine ma kahi o ke ton.
Loaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka iwi poʻo, a ma ka ʻaoʻao he huinahā ia. Liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā pepeiao o ka holoholona, nui ke kelepona, ʻo nā puka ihu he ʻano hoʻonui, liʻiliʻi ka maka a make i loko o nā eyelids momona. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā pepeiao, nā ihu a me nā maka o ka hippopotamus e kahi noho kiʻekiʻe a hoʻonoho ʻia i hoʻokahi laina, e ʻae ai i ka holoholona e ʻaneʻane pau loa i ka wai a ma ka manawa like e hoʻomau ai ke nānā, hanu a lohe paha. ʻOkoʻa nā kāne hippopotamus mai nā wahine e nā pupuhi pineal kūikawā i loaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, e pili ana i nā puka ihu. Hōʻike kēia mau puʻupuʻu i nā kumu o nā kini nui. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻO ka waha o ka hippo kahi ʻano ākea, i pākuʻi ʻia me ka vibrissae pōkole a paʻa loa i mua. Ke wehe nei i ka waha, he ʻaoʻao he 150e pili ana, a me ka laulā o nā āpau mana lawa ma ka awelika 60-70 cm... ʻO nā hippo maʻamau he 36 mau niho, i uhi ʻia me ka enamel melemele.
He ʻeono mau molar o kēlā me kēia ā, ʻeono niho premolar, a me nā ʻīlio ʻelua a me nā ʻūlū ʻehā. Ua hoʻomohala nui nā kāne i nā canine ʻoi, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai e kahi ʻano crescent a me kahi ʻūlū lōhiu ma luna o ka iwi ā lalo. Me ka makahiki, piʻo mālie nā canine i hope. Loaʻa i kekahi mau hippine nā canine e hiki i nā lōʻihi o 58-60 cm a kau i ka 3.0 kg.
He holoholona holoholona ʻeleʻele loa ʻo ka Hipopotoma, akā ma ke kahua caudal, lahilahi ka ʻili. He hina a hina hina hina ka ʻāpana dorsal, ʻoiai ʻulaʻula ka ʻōpū, nā pepeiao a puni nā maka. ʻAʻohe o ka lauoho o ka ʻili, a ʻo ka mea ʻokoʻa e hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā hulu pōkole ma nā pepeiao a me ka wēlau o ka huelo.
Hoihoi ia! Lawe wale nā hippo makua ma kahi o ʻelima hanu i kēlā me kēia minuke, no laila hiki iā lākou ke luʻu me ka ʻole o ka ea ma lalo o ka wai a hiki i ka ʻumi mau minuke.
Ulu ulu loa nā lauoho ma nā ʻaoʻao a me ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe o ka hippopotamus ka hou a me nā momona sebaceous, akā aia kekahi mau ʻili ʻili kūikawā i ʻike ʻia ma ia ʻano holoholona. I nā lā wela, uhi ʻia ka ʻili o ka māmele me kahi huna mucous o ke kala ʻulaʻula, kahi e hana ai i nā hana o ka pale a me ka antiseptic, a hoʻoweliweli hoʻi i nā mea ʻoki koko.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo Hippos i ka noho kaʻawale ʻana, no laila makemake lākou e hui i nā hui o 15-100 mau kānaka... I loko o ka lā holoʻokoʻa, hiki i ka pūʻā ke komo i loko o ka wai, a i ka pō wale nō e hele ai e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā wahine wale nō ke kuleana no kahi nohona mālie i loko o ka pā, nāna e mālama i nā holoholona i ka wā hoʻomaha. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā kāne i ka kaohi ma luna o ka hui, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka palekana o ka wahine wale nō, akā i nā keiki He holoholona ikaika loa nā kāne. Ke hōʻea ke kāne i ka makahiki ʻehiku, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻokō i kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka noho aliʻi i ke kaiāulu, e pīpī ana i nā kāne ʻē aʻe me ka manure a me ka mimi, me ka waha e walaʻau ana me ka leo nui.
Ke hoʻopunipuni nei ka palaualelo, lohi a me ka momona o nā hippos. Hiki i kēlā holoholona nui ke holo i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 30 km / h. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Hippos e ke kamaʻilio kamaʻilio ʻana ma o kahi leo e like me ke kaniʻuhū a ke hoanoho o kahi lio. ʻO Pose, e hōʻike ana i ka waiho ʻana, me ke poʻo i lalo, lawe ʻia e nā hippos nāwaliwali, i hāʻule i ke kula o ka nānā ʻana o nā kāne kāne koʻikoʻi. Kiaʻi nui ʻia e nā kāne mākua a me ko lākou ʻāina ponoʻī. Kaha pono ʻia nā ala hele pākahi me nā hippos, a hōʻano hou ʻia kēlā mau kaha like ʻole i kēlā me kēia lā.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā hipopotō
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi hippopotamus ma kahi o ʻehā mau makahiki, no laila, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea e aʻo ana i ia mau holoholona ʻaʻole lākou i hui me nā hippos ma mua o 41-42 makahiki i ka nāhelehele. I ke pio ʻana, hiki i ke ola o ia mau holoholona ke hele i ka hapalua kenekulia, a i kekahi, he mau hanana kakaʻikahi wale nō, e noho ana nā Hipopotoma i ʻeono mau makahiki.... Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma hope o ka abrasion piha o nā molars, ʻaʻole hiki i ka māmela ke ola lōʻihi.
Nā ʻano hippos
ʻO nā ʻano hippos kaulana loa:
- Hipopotamus maʻamau, a i ʻole hippopotamus (Нirrorotamus amphibius), He mammal ia no ke kauoha Artiodactyls a me ka suborder Pig-like (non-ruminants) mai ka ʻohana Hippopotamus. Hōʻike ʻia ka hiʻona e ka nohona semi-aquatic;
- Hipopotamu ʻEulopa (Нirrorotamus antiquus) - kekahi o nā laha ola i noho i ʻEulopa i ka wā o ka Pleistocene;
- Hippopotamus Pygmy cretan (Нirrorotamus сrеutzburgi) - kekahi o nā lāhui luku i noho i Kreta i ka wā o ka Pleistocene, a ua pani ʻia e nā ʻāpana ʻelua: Нirrorotamus сreutzburgi сreutzburgi a me Нirrorotamus сreutzburgi parvus;
- Hippo nunui (Нirrorotamus mаjоr) ʻO ia kekahi o nā lāhui luku i noho i ka Pleistocene ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. Ua ʻimi ʻia nā hippo nunui e Neanderthals;
- Hippopotamus maltese Pygmy (Нirrorotamus melitensis) - kekahi o nā laha makehewa o ka genus hippopotamus, i nohoaliʻi ʻia ʻo Malta a noho ma laila i ka wā o ka Pleistocene. Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea hoʻomake, ua ulu ka dwarfism insular;
- Hippopotamus Pygmy cypriot (Нirrorotamus minоr) ʻO ia kekahi o nā hippopotamus species i noho i Kupero ma mua o ka Holocene mua. Ua hiki aku nā hippos pygmy Cypriot i ke kaumaha o ke kino o ʻelua haneli mau kilokika.
ʻO nā mea kikoʻī, i pili pono i ka genus Нirrootamus, e pani ʻia e H. aethioricus, H. afarensis a i ʻole Triloborhorus afarensis, H. behemot, H. kaisensis a me H. sirensis.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho wale nā hippo maʻamau ma kahi o nā kino wai hou, akā hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i kekahi manawa i nā wai kai. Noho lākou iā ʻApelika, ke kahakai o nā wai wai hou ma Kenya, Tanzania a me Uganda, Zambia a me Mozambique, a me nā wai ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i ka hema o ka Sahara.
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hippopotamus ʻEulopa i pani ʻia e ka ʻāina mai ka Iberian Peninsula a i nā mokupuni ʻo Beritania, a ʻo ka muliwai Rhine hoʻi. Ua noho kolone ʻo Crete e nā pygmy hippos i ka wā o ka Middle Pleistocene. Noho wale nā hippos pygmy hou i ʻApelika, e like me Liberia, ka Repubalika o Guinea, Sierra Leone a me ka Repubalika ʻo Côte DʻIvoire.
Meaʻai hippos
ʻOiai ʻo ko lākou nui a me ko lākou mana nui, a me kahi helehelena hoʻoweliweli a me nā mea hakakā ʻike ʻia, no nā poʻe hippos āpau... Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ahiahi, neʻe aku nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha Artiodactyl a me ka ʻohana Hippopotamus i kahi e hānai ai me ka nui o nā mea kanu lau nahele. Me ka nele o ka mauʻu i ka wahi i koho ʻia, hiki i nā holoholona ke neʻe aku e ʻimi i ka meaʻai no kekahi mau mile.
No ka hoʻolako ʻana iā lākou iho i ka meaʻai, hānai nā hippos i ka meaʻai no kekahi mau hola, e hoʻohana ana i kanahā kilokika o nā mea kanu mea kanu no kēia kumu no ka hānai ʻana. ʻAi ʻo Hippos i nā forb, nā ʻohe a me nā ʻōpiopio o nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā lāʻau. Kākaʻikahi loa ka ʻai ʻana o nā mea mamala i ke ʻako kokoke i nā kino wai. Wahi a kekahi poʻe ʻepekema, hoʻolaha ʻia ka ʻai ʻana o ke kino e nā maʻi olakino a i ʻole ka hemahema o ka meaʻai kumu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ke ʻōnaehana digestive o nā ʻelele o ka ʻoka Artiodactyl no ka hana piha ʻana o ka ʻiʻo.
E kipa aku ai i ka pā hānai, hoʻohana ʻia nā ala like, a haʻalele nā holoholona i nā mea kanu hānai i nā holoholona ma mua o ka wanaʻao. Inā pono e hōʻoluʻolu a loaʻa ka ikaika, holoholo pinepine nā hippos i loko o nā wai o kekahi poʻe. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ʻaʻole he ala o ka hippos e nau i nā mea kanu e like me nā ruminants ʻē aʻe, no laila haehae lākou i nā greens me ko lākou mau niho, a omo hoʻi me kā lākou momona a me nā mākala, kokoke i ka hapalua mika nā lehelehe.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o ka hippopotamus i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kaʻina hana like me nā mea ulu lāʻau nui ʻē aʻe i ʻApelika, e like me nā rhino a me nā ʻelepani. Ua hiki i ka wahine ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma waena o ʻehiku a me ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki o ka makahiki, a ua oʻo nā kāne i ka moekolohe ma mua o ka wahine. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka manawa hānau o ka hippopotamus i nā loli manawa o ka wā, akā ʻo ka male ʻana, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hana ʻia i ʻelua mau manawa i ka makahiki, ma kahi o ʻAukake a me Pepeluali. Ma kahi o 60% o nā cubs i hānau ʻia i ka wā ua.
I kēlā me kēia pā, aia pinepine ʻia kahi kāne kāne nui hoʻokahi, e pānaʻi ʻia me nā wahine wahine makua. Mālama ʻia kēia kuleana e nā holoholona i ke kaʻina o ka hakakā me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe. Hele pū ke kaua me nā ʻeha ʻīlio a me ka ʻino, i kekahi manawa he mau poʻo poʻo make. Uhi mau ʻia ka ʻili o ke kāne makua me nā scars lehulehu. Lawe ʻia ke kaʻina moena i ka wai pāpaʻu o ka waihona.
Hoihoi ia! Paipai ka wā ʻōpio i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka helu hippos, no laila, hiki i kēlā me kēia lāhui o nā ʻelele o ke kauoha Artiodactyl a me ka ʻohana Hippopotamus ke ola koke.
Hoʻopau kahi hāpai ʻewalu mau mahina i ka hana, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka wahine i ka pua... Hiki i ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki ma ka wai a ma ka ʻāina, i ke ʻano o ka pūnana mauʻu. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi hānau hou ma kahi o 28-48 kg, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o ka mika a me ka kiʻekiʻe mika o ka holoholona ma nā poʻohiwi. Hoʻololi koke ka cub e noho pono ma kona mau wāwae. ʻO ka wahine me ka cub aia i waho o ka pā no kahi o ʻumi mau lā, a ʻo ka nui o ka manawa lactation he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki. Hana pinepine ka hānai waiū i ka wai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe nui nā ʻenemi o nā hippo makua, a ʻo kahi mea weliweli nui i kēlā mau holoholona mai kahi liona a i kahi kolo Nile paha. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā kāne makua, ʻike ʻia e ko lākou nui nui, ka ikaika nui a me nā canine lōʻihi, kākaʻikahi ka lilo i mea pio no ke kula ʻana i nā mea ʻino nui.
ʻO nā hippopotamus wahine, ka pale ʻana i kā lākou keiki, hōʻike pinepine i ka huhū nui a me ka ikaika, e ʻae iā lākou e pale i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o kahi liona holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, luku ʻia nā hippo e nā mea hōkai ma ka ʻāina, kahi mamao loa mai ka waihona wai.
Ma muli o nā mea he nui i ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole pinepine nā hippos a me nā crocodile Nile i ka hakakā me kekahi, a i kekahi manawa e kipaku like aku nā holoholona nui i ko lākou poʻe kūʻē mai ka wai iʻa. Hoʻohui, waiho ka hippos wahine i ka ulu ʻōpio ulu i ka mālama ʻana o nā crocodiles, ko lākou mau pale mai nā hyenas a me nā liona. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia kaulana i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia nā kāne nui o nā hippos a me nā wahine me nā keiki liʻiliʻi i ka huhū nui i nā crocodiles, a hiki i nā mākeke mākua ke kiʻi i nā hippo hānau hou, nā mākua maʻi a ʻeha paha.
Hoihoi ia! Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Hippos nā holoholona ʻApelika weliweli loa e hoʻouka pinepine i ka poʻe ma mua o nā mea ʻaihue e like me nā leopadi a me nā liona.
ʻO nā keiki hippopotamus liʻiliʻi loa a makua ʻole, a noho noho manawa ʻole ʻia e ko lākou makuahine, hiki ke lilo i mea pio maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi ʻaʻole wale no nā crocodiles, akā ʻo nā liona, nā leopadi, nā hyena a me nā ʻīlio hyena. ʻO nā hippo makua iā lākou iho, ka mea e hehi i nā pēpē ma nā wahi kokoke a nui hoʻi, hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i nā hippo liʻiliʻi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka mahele hāʻawi, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā hippos ma nā wahi āpau i nā helu nui... Nui a lehulehu nā heluna kānaka i ka hapalua kenekulia i hala, kahi i pale nui ʻia e ka poʻe, nā wahi i kuhikuhi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ma waho o ia mau panalāʻau, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha Artiodactyl a me ka ʻohana Hippopotamus, a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ʻike ʻia ka hōʻino ʻia o ke kūlana.
Ua hoʻopau ikaika ʻia ka mammal:
- he ʻai kaʻiʻo hippo, he haʻahaʻa momona a me ka waiwai kūpono o ke kino, no laila hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka kuke ʻana e nā poʻe o ʻApelika;
- ka ʻili hippopotamus i ʻaʻahu ʻia i nā ala kūikawā e hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā wili wili i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā daimana;
- ʻo ka hippopotamus ka mea hoʻonaninani paʻakikī loa, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kona waiwai ma mua o ka waiwai o ka niho ʻelepani;
- ʻo nā ʻelele o ke kauoha Artiodactyl a me ka ʻohana Hippopotamus kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia no ka ʻimi holoholona.
He ʻumi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma ka panalāʻau o ʻApelika, e like me nā ʻikepili kūhelu like ʻole, aia mai 120 a 140-150 tausani mau kānaka, akā e like me nā noiʻi a kahi hui kūikawā o ka IUCN, aia ka pae kūpono loa ma kahi o 125-148 tausani.
I kēia lā, ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o ka heluna hippo ma Hikina Hema a me ʻApelika Hikina, e like me Kenya a me Tanzania, Uganda a me Zambia, Malawi a me Mozambique. ʻO ke kūlana mālama o nā hippos i kēia manawa ʻo "nā holoholona i kahi kūlana maʻalahi". Eia nō naʻe, i waena o kekahi mau lāhui ʻApelika, he mau holoholona laʻa nā hippos, a hoʻopaʻi nui ʻia kā lākou luku ʻia.
