ʻO Daman a i ʻole Damanovye (lat. Prosaviidae) kahi ʻohana i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā mea ulu lāʻau hānai, ʻo ia wale nō o nā mea āpau i kēia manawa i ka detatsment Damana (Hyrasoidea). Aia i loko o ka ʻohana he ʻelima mau ʻano.
Hōʻike o ka daman
ʻO kekahi inoa no damans ʻo zhyryaki... ʻOiai i loko o ka ʻike maʻamau o waho o nā hyraxes o kēia manawa, he prehistoric kahi holoholona, kahi mamao loa.
Helehelena
Nā Ana o kahi holoholona mamele: ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ke kaha o 30-65 cm me ka awelika o 1.5-4.5 kg. ʻO ka ʻāpana huelo o ka momona he mea mua, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 cm ka lōʻihi, a i ʻole hele loa. I ka helehelena, ʻano like nā hyraxes me nā rodents - tailless marmots a i ʻole nā puaʻa guinea nui, akā i nā ʻōkuhi phylogenetic ʻo ia ʻano mammal kokoke i nā holoholona proboscis a me nā sirens. He paʻa paʻa kā Damanovye, ʻike ʻia e clumsiness, poʻo nui, a me ka ʻāʻī mānoanoa a pōkole hoʻi.
ʻO nā forelimbs he plantigrade, ikaika a ʻano kūpono hoʻi, me nā manamana wāwae ʻehā a me nā māiʻuʻu i pā e like me nā ʻūlū. ʻO nā lālā hope o kahi ʻano ʻekolu manamana, me ka manamananui o loko me kahi kui lōʻihi a wili hoʻi no ke kāhili ʻana i ka lauoho. ʻAlohelohe nā kapuwaʻi o ka wāwae, me ka epidermis mānoanoa a me ka rubbery a me nā aʻa nui o ka hou e pono ai no ka hydration o ka ʻili mau. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o nā paws e ʻae i nā hyraxes e piʻi i nā pali pōhaku a me nā kumu lāʻau me ka wikiwiki a me ka dexterity kupaianaha, a me ka iho poʻo hoʻi.
Hoihoi ia! Ma ka hapa waena o ke kua kahi i hōʻike ʻia e nā lauoho elongated, māmā a ʻeleʻele hoʻi me kahi kikowaena o ka wahi a me nā kahe glandular sweat, kahi e hūnā ai i kahi huna huna kūikawā kūikawā i ka manawa o ka hana hou.
Pōkole ka waha, me ka lehelehe luna forked. Poepoe nā pepeiao, liʻiliʻi i ka nui, i kekahi manawa kokoke hūnā loa ma lalo o ke kapa. Mānoanoa ka hulu, ʻo ia hoʻi me ka fluff palupalu a me ka awn coarse, ke kala ʻalani ʻeleʻele. Ma ke kino, ma kahi o ka waha a me ka ʻāʻī, a ma luna hoʻi o nā maka, aia nā pūʻolo o ka vibrissae lōʻihi.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He ʻehā mau ʻohana ka ʻohana Damanovy, he diurnal ka lua o kekahi, a he pō no kekahi.... ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Procavia a me Heterohyrax he mau māmela diurnal e noho nei i nā kolone o ʻelima a ʻeono mau kakini kanaka. Hiki i ka holoholona nahele nocturnal ke lilo i kahi mehameha a i ʻole noho i kahi ʻohana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hyraxes āpau e ka neʻe a me ka hiki ke holo wikiwiki, lele kiʻekiʻe a piʻi maʻalahi ma kahi o nā ʻilikai.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā ʻelele āpau o ke kolone hoʻokahi e kipa aku i hoʻokahi "toilet", a haʻalele kā lākou mimi i ke ʻano o nā kahakai crystalline keʻokeʻo ma nā pōhaku.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Damanovy e ke kū ʻana o ka ʻike i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana, akā maikaʻi ʻole ka thermoregulation, no laila e hoʻāʻo kēlā mau holoholona e hui pū i ka pō e hoʻomehana iā lākou. I ke ao, makemake nā mea māmala, a me nā mea kolo, e bask no ka manawa lōʻihi i ka lā, e hāpai ana i ko lākou mau wāwae me nā hāwele. He holoholona akahele loa ʻo Daman, ke ʻike ʻia ka makaʻu, hoʻopuka i nā leo nui a kiʻekiʻe, e koi ana i ke kolone holoʻokoʻa e hūnā koke i kahi malu.
Ehia mau hyraxes e ola nei
ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o ka hyrax ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumikūmāhā mau makahiki, akā hiki ke hoʻololi iki i ka hilinaʻi ʻana i ka nohona a me nā ʻano laha. ʻO kahi laʻana, ke ola nei ka hyrax ʻApelika no ka awelika o ʻeono a ʻehiku mau makahiki paha, ʻoiai ke ola ʻo ka Cape hyrax i nā makahiki he ʻumi. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, e like me ka noho mau ʻana o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻAno Daman
I kēia mau lā, ua hui ka ʻohana hyrax ma kahi o ʻumi a ʻumikūmākahi mau ʻano, a no ʻelima hanauna. I kēia manawa, ʻehā wale nō, i kekahi manawa ʻelima mau ʻano:
- Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻohana Prosaviidae e D. arboreus a i ʻole Wood hyrax, D. dorsalis a i ʻole Western hyrax, D. validus a i ʻole East hyrax, H. brucei a i ʻole Bruce's Daman a me Pr. Sarensis a i ʻole Cape hyrax;
- Aia i loko o ka ʻohana Рliоhyracidac kekahi mau genera - Kvabebihyrakh, Рliоhyrax (Lertodon), a ʻo Роstsсhizоtherium, Sоgdоhyraх a me Titanоhyrax;
- ʻOhana Geniohyidae;
- ʻO ka ʻohana Myohyracidae.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hyraxes āpau i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu nui: mauna, steppe a me arboreal mammals... Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi mau hyraxes e kekahi ʻohana, kahi e pili ana i ʻeiwa mau ʻano e noho ana ma ʻApelika, e like me ka lāʻau a me ka mauna hyrax.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā hyraxes kuahiwi he mau holoholona koloneala maʻamau ma ka Hikina a me ʻApelika Hema, mai ka Hikina Hema ʻAigupita, ʻAitiopa a me Sudan a i Central Angola a me ʻAkau Hema ʻo ʻApelika, me nā panalāʻau o Mpumalanga a me Limpopo, kahi o nā wahi noho nā puʻu pōhaku, nā talus a me nā pali mauna.
Ua hele a ākea loa ʻo Cape hyraxes mai ka panalāʻau o Suria, ʻĀkau hikina o ʻApelika a me Israel i ʻApelika Hema, a loaʻa nō hoʻi ma kahi o nā wahi hema o ka Sahara. ʻIke ʻia nā heluna lehulehu i nā kahakaha mauna o Algeria a me Libya.
Noho nā hyraxes kumulāʻau komohana i nā wahi nahele ma ka Hema a me ʻApelika Waena, a ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ma nā pali mauna a hiki i ka 4.5 tausani mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā hyraxes arboreal hema ma ʻApelika, a ma ke kahakai kahakai Hema.
ʻO ka wahi noho o kēia laha e hele aku i ka ʻaoʻao hema mai Uganda a me Kenya a hiki i ka palena o ʻApelika Hema, a mai nā ʻāpana hikina o Zambia a me Kongo, ma ke komohana o ka ʻaoʻao hikina hikina. Noho ka holoholona i ka mauna haʻahaʻa a me nā ululāʻau kahakai.
Meaʻai Hyrax
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai o ka hapa nui o nā hyraxes e hōʻike ʻia e nā lau. Pēlā nō, hānai nā pēpē pēpē i ka mauʻu a me nā wana succulent ʻōpio. Loaʻa i loko o ka ʻōpū multichamber paʻakikī o kahi herbivore kahi lawa kūpono o microflora pono kūikawā, i hāʻawi i ka assimilation ʻoi loa a me ka maʻalahi o ka hānai mea kanu.
ʻAi ʻo Cape hyraxes i kahi manawa ka meaʻai o nā holoholona, ka nui o nā ʻūhini ʻūhini, a me kā lākou larvae. Hiki i ka Cape hyrax ke ʻai i nā mea kanu i loaʻa nā toxins ikaika me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha i kona olakino.
Hoihoi ia! He lōʻihi lōʻihi a koi ʻo Damans, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hānai wale nō, akā he mea ia e pale aku ai i ka holoholona hilahila mai ka nui o nā mea ʻino.
ʻO ka papaʻai maʻamau o nā hyraxes mauna e noho ana i nā pāka aupuni e komo pū me nā cordia (Cordia ovalis), grevia (Grewia fallax), hibiscus (Hibiscus lunarifolius), ficus (Fiсus), a me merua (Maerua trirhylla). ʻAʻole inu kēlā mau māmela i ka wai, no laila loaʻa lākou i nā wai āpau e pono ai no ke kino wale nō mai nā mea kanu.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Nui nā hyraxes e hānai kokoke i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka piko o ka hānau pinepine pinepine ʻia i nā makahiki he 10 i hala o ka wā mākū. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine Cape hyrax ma mua o ʻehiku mau mahina. ʻO kēlā ʻano lōʻihi ke ʻano o ka pane i nā manawa i hala loa aku, ʻo ka nui o nā mea māmela i ka nui o ka tapir maʻamau.
Mālama ʻia nā keiki e ka wahine i kahi palekana loa, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pūnana pūnana, i hoʻopili pono ʻia me ka mauʻu ma mua.... Hoʻokahi ʻelima a ʻeono paha pēpē i kahi litter ma kahi o nā keiki o nā ʻano hyrax ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka brood o ka mauna a me ke komohana arboreal hyrax i loaʻa pinepine i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau keiki nui a maikaʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! Haʻalele mau nā kāne ʻōpio i ko lākou ʻohana, a ma hope e hana lākou i ko lākou kolone ponoʻī, akā hiki iā lākou ke hui pū me nā kāne ʻē aʻe i nā hui nui, a hui pū nā wahine ʻōpio i kā lākou hui ʻohana.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia cub i "nipple pākahi", no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka pēpē ke hānai i ka waiū mai kahi ʻē aʻe. ʻElua mau mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hana lactation, akā noho mau nā keiki i loko o ko lākou ʻohana a hiki i ko lākou oʻo ʻana i ka moekolohe, i loko o ka hyrax ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa. I kekahi mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka nā ʻōpio hyraxes e hānai i nā mea kanu kuʻuna maʻamau no kēia ʻano.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻImi ʻia ka hyrax kuahiwi e nā moʻo nui, e like me ka hieroglyph python, nā manu kikokiko a me nā leopadi, a me nā holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, maʻalahi ka laha i ka pulumonia o ka viral etiology a me ka tuberculosis, loaʻa iā ia i nā nematodes, nā pulina, nā kika a me nā kikiki. ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o ka Cape hyena nā cheetahs a me nā caracals, a me nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā hyenas i ʻike ʻia, kekahi manu ʻaihue, e like me ka ʻaeto Kaffir.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma ʻAlapia a me ʻApelika hema, hopu ʻia nā hyraxes no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻono momona a momona hoʻi, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka lāpaki, kahi e hoʻopilikia loa ai i ka nui o ia ʻano mammal mānoanoa. ʻO ka mea nāwaliwali loa i kēia manawa nā hyraxes nahele, ʻo ka huina nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka i loaʻa i ka nāhelehele o nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā hana kanaka ʻē aʻe. Ma ka hapanui, i kēia lā ka paʻa o ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻano hyrax āpau..
