Ua lohe nā kānaka āpau i ka huaʻōlelo "halulu e like me ka beluga", akā ʻaʻole maopopo maopopo i nā poʻe āpau i ke ʻano o kēia holoholona. He aha kēia ʻano beluga a he aha hou aʻe ma waho o ka uwo e kaulana ai ia? E hoʻāʻo e ʻike. ʻĀ, no ka poʻe hoʻomaka, e ʻōlelo koke kākou ʻaʻole hiki i ka beluga ke ʻuā iki. Inā wale nō no ka papa o ka iʻa, a me ka iʻa, e like me kou ʻike, hāmau.
Ka wehewehe o beluga
ʻO Beluga ka iʻa wai nui nui e noho ana i nā waihona wai o ko mākou ʻāina.... mau makahiki a, e like me nā mea paʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe, ua aʻo e hoʻomaʻa i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole. ʻAʻohe o kēia mau iʻa i kahi kuamoʻo, a ma kahi o ka iwi iwi, aia kahi pae maʻalahi.
Helehelena
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Beluga e kāna nui nui: hiki ke kau ʻia kona kaumaha i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua o nā tona, aʻoi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o ʻehā mau mika. Ua ʻike kekahi o nā maka maka i nā belugas e hōʻea ana i ka lōʻihi o ʻeiwa mau mika. Inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia hōʻike anecdotal āpau, a laila hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka beluga iʻa iʻa nui loa ma ka honua. He kino mānoanoa a nui ʻo ia.
ʻO ke poʻo a me ke ʻano o ka waha o ka beluga e like me ka puaʻa: ʻo kona ihu, e like me ke āpau, he pōkole a kūpilikiʻi, a he waha niho nui ʻole e noho kokoke i ka hapa haʻahaʻa o ke poʻo, e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lehelehe mānoanoa, he ʻano crescent. ʻO nā beluga wale nō ka mau niho, a ʻo nā mea nalo hoʻi ma hope o ka manawa pōkole. ʻO Antennae, e kau ana i lalo mai ka lehelehe luna a hiki i ka waha, ua pālahalaha ʻia i lalo. Liʻiliʻi a hapa makapō nā maka o kēia iʻa, no laila ke kuhikuhi nui ʻia me ke kōkua o kahi ʻano pilau o ka pilau.
Hoihoi ia! Ua unuhi ʻia ka inoa o ka beluga (Huso huso) mai ka ʻōlelo Latina ma ke ʻano he "puaʻa". A, inā ʻoe e nānā pono, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo he ʻano like kēia mau mea ola ʻelua i ka helehelena a me kā lākou omnivorousness.
ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine o beluga ʻokoʻa iki i ka helehelena a i loko o lāua ʻelua ua uhi ʻia ke kino me nā unahi nui like. Aia nā unahi i ke ʻano o nā rhombus a mai hoʻopili ʻole i nā wahi āpau. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano pālākiō he ganoid. Hinahina-ʻeleʻele ke kua o ka beluga, māmā ka ʻōpū.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
He iʻa anadromous ʻo Beluga, alakaʻi nui ia i kahi nohona kokoke. ʻO ke ʻano maoli o kēia mea kupaianaha, hoʻomanaʻo i ke ʻano o ka iʻa kūpuna, hōʻike i ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka beluga ma luna: ma hope o nā mea āpau, me kahi kino nui e ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻauʻau ʻana i ka wai hohonu ma mua o ka pāpaʻu.
Hoʻololi kēlā me kēia manawa i kona wahi noho i ka waihona wai a hele pinepine i ka hohonu: ma laila ka wikiwiki o ke au, kahi e hiki ai i ka beluga ke loaʻa ka meaʻai, a aia nā lua hohonu e hoʻohana ai kēia iʻa i mau wahi hoʻomaha. I ka puna, ke hoʻomaka ka mahana o nā papa o ka wai e mahana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka wai pāpaʻu. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hāʻule, hele hou ka beluga i loko o ke kai a i ʻole ka hohonu o ka muliwai, kahi e hoʻololi ai i kāna papaʻai maʻamau, ka ʻai ʻana i nā iʻa a me nā crustacean.
Mea nui! He iʻa nui loa ʻo Beluga, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ka lawa o ka meaʻai na ia wale nō i ke kai. A ʻo ke kū pono o belugas i ka waihona wai he hōʻike ia o kahi kaiaolaola olakino.
Hele ʻo Beluga i kahi mamao loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā wahi hānau. ʻAneʻane ʻae like nā belugas a pau i ka paʻakai a me ka wai hou ma ke ʻano maikaʻi, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi ʻano ke noho wale i nā kino wai.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka beluga?
He ake-lōʻihi maoli ʻo Beluga... E like me nā stabilite ʻē aʻe, ulu mālie ia: a i 10-15 mau makahiki, akā ola ia no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa. ʻO ka makahiki o kēia iʻa, inā ola ia i nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki ke hōʻea i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki, ʻoiai ke ola nei nā belugas i hoʻokahi kanahā mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ʻo Beluga i ke Kai ʻEleʻele, ma ke kai Azov a ma ke kai Caspian. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻia ia i ka Adriatic. Hāpai ia i ka Volga, Don, Danube, Dnieper a me Dniester. Kākaʻikahi wale nō, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia ma nā Urals, Kura a Terek paha. Aia kekahi manawa liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻike ʻana i kahi beluga i ka Bug i luna a ma waho o ke kahakai o Crimea.
Aia kekahi manawa ke hele ka beluga ma ka Volga a hiki i Tver, ma ka piʻi ʻana o Dnieper i Kiev, ma ke kahawai ʻo Ural a i Orenburg, a ma ke kula a hiki i Tbilisi ponoʻī. Akā no kekahi manawa i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i lawe ʻia kēia iʻa i uka loa o nā kahawai. ʻO ke kumu nui kēia ma muli o ka hiki ʻole i ka beluga ke hele i uka no ka mea o nā mea kanu uila uila e ālai i kāna ala. Ma mua, ua ʻike ʻia i loko o nā kahawai e like me ka Oka, Sheksna, Kama a me Sura.
ʻAiʻai Beluga
ʻO ka pā palai hānau hou ʻaʻole kaupaona ma mua o ʻehiku mau gram e hānai i ka plankton muliwai, a me nā larva o nā mayflies, nā lele caddis, caviar a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ʻano o ka Sturgeon. ʻAi nā wahine Beluga makua i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ʻōpio. ʻO ka Cannibalism ke ʻano nui o ka belugas ʻōpio. I ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpio beluga, loli pū nō hoʻi kāna papaʻai.
Ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki mai nā kahawai a hiki i ke kai, hānai lākou i nā crustacea, molluscs a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e like me nā gobies a sprat paha, a me ka hānai a me ka moa iʻa a hiki i ka makahiki ʻelua. I ka hiki ʻana aku i ʻelua mau makahiki, ua lilo nā beluga i poʻe ʻaihue. I kēia manawa ma kahi o 98% o kā lākou papaʻai holoʻokoʻa ka iʻa. Hoʻololi nā ʻano meaʻai o ka beluga i ka wā a me nā wahi hānai. I ke kai, ʻai kēia iʻa i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau anuanu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻai. Koena no ka hoʻoilo i nā kahawai, hoʻomau pū nō ia i ka hānai ʻana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā meaʻai a nā mea nui o nā pakeke he nui nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma lalo, a ʻo ka mea nui wale o lākou - beluga a me kaluga - hānai i ka iʻa. Ma waho aʻe o ka iʻa liʻiliʻi, hiki i nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe a me nā sila liʻiliʻi hoʻi ke lilo i mea hōʻeha iā lākou.
I loko o ka ʻōpū o kekahi o ka belugas i hopu ʻia, ua loaʻa kahi paʻa nui nui, i loaʻa ʻia kahi mau ʻūlapa a me ka bream. A i kahi wahine ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano, ʻo ka iʻa i hopu ʻia he ʻelua nui kāpela, ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kakini roach a me ʻekolu bream. Eia kekahi, ua lilo kahi pike perch nui i waiwai pio nona ma mua: ua ʻike ʻia kona mau iwi i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka beluga like.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ʻo Beluga e hānau lohi... No laila, mākaukau nā kāne e hānau hou i ka makahiki o ma ka liʻiliʻi he 12 mau makahiki, a ʻaʻole hanau hou nā wahine ma mua o 16-18 mau makahiki.
Ua mākaukau nā wahine o ka Beluga Caspian e hoʻomau i kā lākou genus i ka makahiki 27: i kēia makahiki wale nō lākou i kūpono no ka hana hou ʻana a hōʻiliʻili i lawa ke kaupaona no kēia. Make ka hapa nui o nā iʻa ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hānau ʻana. Akā ua puka pinepine ka beluga, ʻoiai me nā interruptions mai ʻelua a ʻehā mau makahiki.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, 8-9 spawns i kona wā lōʻihi. Hoʻomoeʻo ia i nā hua ma kahi one a pōhaku paha i lalo, kahi e kahe wikiwiki ai, kahi mea e pono ai ka holo mau ʻana o ka oxygen. Ma hope o ka momona, lilo ka hua i paʻa a paʻa i lalo.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i kahi beluga wahine ke waiho i mau hua he mau miliona, ʻoiai ka huina nui o nā hua i hiki i ka hapaha o ke kaumaha o ka iʻa iho.
I ka 1922, ua hopu ʻia i loko o ka Volga kahi beluga ʻelima mika ke kaupaona ma mua o 1200 kg. Loaʻa iā ia ma kahi o 240 kg o ka caviar. ʻO ka larva i pāpale ʻia, a laila lilo i fry, hoʻomaka i ke ala paʻakikī - i ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kai. ʻO nā wahine "Spring" o ka beluga, e komo ana i ka muliwai mai ka waena o ka hoʻoilo a i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, i hua i ka makahiki hoʻokahi. ʻO ka beluga "hoʻoilo", i mea e loaʻa a lawe i kahi kūpono no ka hānau keiki, hele mai i nā kahawai i ʻAukake a noho ma laila no ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale ʻo ia i nā hua i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, a ma mua o kēlā moe ʻana i kahi ʻano hibernation, ua hele i lalo a uhi ʻia me ka mucus.
I Mei a Iune paha, puka mai ka beluga "hoʻoilo" mai ka hibernation a me nā hua manu. ʻO ka mea hānai i kēia mau iʻa he kūwaho, e like me nā mea āpau. ʻO nā hua i pili i ka lalo o ka wai i lilo i waiwai pio no nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, no laila, ʻuʻuku ka pākēneka o ke ola ma waena o nā ʻōpio beluga. Noho ʻo Beluzhat i ka wai pāpaʻu i hoʻomehana ʻia e nā kukuna o ka lā. A ma hope o ko lākou oʻo makua ʻana, haʻalele lākou i ko lākou kahawai ʻōiwi a hele i ke kai. Hoʻonui koke lākou i kā lākou nui a ma ka makahiki e like ka lōʻihi o kā lākou lōʻihi me kahi mika.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā belugas mākua. Akā kā lākou mau hua, a me nā larva a me nā ʻai e noho ana i nā kahawai, ʻai ʻia e nā iʻa meʻa predatory.
Hoihoi ia! Paradoxically, akā ʻo kekahi o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o ka beluga kēia iʻa ponoʻī. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo nā koholā beluga i ulu a i 5-8 cm e ʻai hauʻoli nei i nā hua o ko lākou mau hoahānau i loko o ka pā spawning.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 21, ua emi nui ka heluna o ka beluga, a ua hoʻomaka ʻia kēia ʻano ponoʻī e aneane make a ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Russia a me ka International Red Book.
I ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o kāna ʻano, hiki i ka beluga ke hoʻopili me nā iʻa paʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe e pili ana... A i ka 1952, mahalo i nā hana a ka ʻepekema, ua hānai ʻia kahi hybrid art of beluga a me sterlet, i kapa ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Hānai ʻia ia, ma ke ʻano he rula, i loko o nā waihona wai ʻimi hoʻopunipuni, ʻoiai ma ke kūlohelohe, kahi i loaʻa ai nā iʻa paʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea ʻoi loa i mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai nā lehulehu maoli o nā laha ʻē aʻe.
Waiwai kālepa
Ua waiwai mau ʻia ʻo Beluga ma ke ʻano he iʻa kālepa. Ua lawaiʻa lōʻihi ka poʻe iā ia no ka ʻiʻo, ka ʻili, a, ʻoiai, no kāna caviar. I nā kolone Helene, e like me Kafa (Feodosia i kēia manawa) a me Gorgippia (Anapa hou), ua kiʻi pū ʻia ke kālā me nā kiʻi o beluga.
Hoihoi ia! Nui nā kaʻao a me nā kaʻao i pili i kēia iʻa kupaianaha. ʻO kahi laʻana, aia kahi kaʻao laha ākea, i manaʻo ʻia, i nā puʻupaʻa o ka beluga aia kekahi pōhaku hoʻokalakupua e pale aku i kāna mea nāna mai nā ʻano pilikia a me nā pōʻino āpau.
Ua hāʻawi ʻia nā waiwai lāʻau i kēia pōhaku. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia hiki i ka pōhaku beluga ke hoʻōla i ke kanaka mai nā ʻano maʻi, a me ka ʻumeʻume i ka laki a pale iā ia a me kāna moku mai nā ʻino a me nā ʻino.
ʻOiai ma waena o ka poʻe lawaiʻa aia kekahi mau lono e hiki i kekahi ke ʻona ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻiʻo o kahi beluga, a hele a hoʻomāinoino. Ua lono ʻia he ʻona ka ʻiʻo a me ke ake o nā iʻa ʻōpio, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kēia mea e nā noiʻi ʻepekema. No laila, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kahi kaʻao wale nō, e like me nā kaʻao e pili ana i ka pōhaku Beluga.
I kēia manawa, ua pau ka lawaiʻa beluga i ka hana kūlohelohe, akā naʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kēia iʻa i nā ʻano hana, hoʻomau ʻia ka ʻiʻo a me ka caviar ma ka mākeke.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻano i ka Red Book a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kūlana o kahi ʻano ʻaneʻane pau i ka beluga, a me ka pāpā ʻana i kāna hana ʻana i nā kahawai a me nā kai, ʻaʻole ia i hoʻopili i ka ʻānai ʻana i kekahi ʻano. ʻO ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa ʻole ʻana o kēia iʻa i hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ke kānāwai, akā ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka kilogram o ka caviar beluga kiʻekiʻe loa ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hooki i nā mea ʻai holoholona: ʻoi aku ka nui loa ka hoʻowalewale e hoʻolilo kālā i ke kūʻai kū ʻole i kēia mea ʻono.
Mea nui! ʻO ka caviar Beluga ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia ma waena o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe āpau o ka caviar paʻa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kahi kala ʻeleʻele hina me kahi silena silvery, kahi ʻala ikaika, a me kahi ʻono momona a me ka momona momona.
ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kaʻiʻo Beluga ma mua o ka ʻiʻo o nā ʻano paʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe a ʻaʻole momona ia... Ma muli o kēia, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia he huahanaʻai maikaʻi loa. ʻO Beluga caviar kahi meaʻono e hiki ʻole i kahi ipu ʻē aʻe ke kūlike. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia me ke kumu kūpono e "hoʻoheheʻe ai ia i kou waha". Nui a lahilahi nā hua Beluga, a hina ko lākou kala i ka hina momi, a i ka nānā mua ʻana he ʻano ʻē a ʻano ʻē paha. ʻO ka caviar Beluga ka māmā, ʻo ka ʻelemakule ka iʻa i lawe ʻia mai ai. ʻAʻole hiki ke nīnau ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi a me nā waiwai kūpono o kēia huahana.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Salemona
- Sturgeon
- Carp kālā kala a kala paha kala
- Salemona ʻākala
Akā ma muli o ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, loaʻa ʻole ka caviar beluga a me kāna ʻiʻo i nā loina o kēia au. ʻO ka mea kupanaha ʻole: ʻoiai, ʻoiai ua pālahalaha kēia iʻa, a ʻaʻole i pāpā ʻia kāna lawaiʻa ʻana, lawelawe wale ʻia ia ma nā papa aliʻi a me nā papa aliʻi, ʻoiai i kēlā mau lā he nui ke kumu kūʻai o ka beluga a me kāna caviar i hiki wale i ka poʻe waiwai nui ke loaʻa iā lākou. ...
Penei ʻo ia - kēia iʻa kupaianaha, i kapa ʻia ka beluga. ʻIke ʻia he mau miliona makahiki i hala aku nei a hōʻea i kona wā hanohano i kēlā mau lā ke hele mau nā dinosaurs ma ka Honua, ua ola ia i nā cataclysms he nui a ua kūleʻa mau i ka hakakā me nā kūlana nohona maikaʻi ʻole, no ka paʻakikī o lākou.
Ua mahalo lōʻihi ka poʻe i ka ʻono o kāna ʻiʻo a me ka caviar, akā ʻo kēia aloha o lākou no nā mea ʻono i kau ʻia i kēia manawa ka beluga ma ke kaʻe o ka make. No laila hilinaʻi wale ia iā mākou inā paha e ʻike kekahi o kā mākou moʻopuna i kēia iʻa me ko mākou mau maka ponoʻī, a i ʻole nā kaʻao a me nā kaʻao e pili ana i nā beluga wale nō e hiki iā lākou.
