He pōpoki lawaiʻa ʻo Ilka i ʻai ʻole i ka iʻa. Pehea e nānā a ola ai kēia marten nui nui? ʻO nā mea hoihoi mai ka ola o kahi predatory mammal.
Ka wehewehe o ka ilka
ʻO Martes pennanti, a i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pōpoki lawaiʻa, he māmele waena nui ia ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau. Pili loa ia i ka marten ʻAmelika, akā ʻoi aku i ka nui.
Ua hoʻopuehu ʻia ʻo Ilka ma waenakonu o ka pae ʻāina, e kīloi ana mai ka ululāʻau boreal ma ka ʻĀkau o Kanada a hiki i ka palena ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.... ʻO kona laulā kumu ma mua loa aku o ka hema, akā i ka wā ma mua, ua ʻimi ʻia kēia mau holoholona, no laila i ka kenekulia 19 aia lākou i ka lihi o ka make. ʻO ka pāpā ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kaohi i alakaʻi ʻia ai i kahi ola hou ʻana o ka laha a hiki i kahi i manaʻo ʻia he mau mea ʻino ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale ʻo New England.
He mea lele wikiwiki ʻo Ilka me kahi kino wīwī o ke kino. ʻAe kēia e alualu i ka mea pio i nā lua lāʻau a i ʻole ka lua i ka lepo. Kāhea pinepine ʻia ʻo ia he lawaiʻa. ʻOiai kona inoa, kākaʻikahi kēia holoholona i ka iʻa. Aia ka kiko holoʻokoʻa i ka huikau o nā inoa i nā ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa. ʻO kona inoa Farani ka fichet, ʻo ia hoʻi ferret. Ma muli o kahi consonant "unuhi" i hoʻololi ʻia i loko o ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, ua lilo ia he ficher, ʻo ia hoʻi "lawaiʻa", ʻoiai he mea liʻiliʻi iki kā lākou me nā lawaiʻa.
Helehelena
Kanaka makua kāne ilka, ma ka awelika, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine. Lōʻihi ke kino o ke kāne makua mai 900 a 1200 mm. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ke kino ma mua o 3500-5000 gram. Loaʻa ke kino o ka wahine mai 750 a 950 mm i ka lōʻihi a 2000 a 2500 gram i ke kaupaona. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o nā kāne ma waena o 370 a me 410 mm, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o nā wahine mai 310 a 360 mm.
ʻO ke kala o ka lole ʻula o Elk mai ka waena a i ka brown brown. Aia paha nā hue gula a me ke kālā ma ke poʻo a me nā poʻohiwi o ka holoholona. Uhi ʻia ka huelo a me nā ʻūpā o ka ilika i ka lauoho ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, hiki ke kau i kahi wahi beige māmā ma ka umauma o kahi mea ʻino. ʻOkoʻa ka laulā a me ka lauana i nā kanaka, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahine a me ke kau. ʻElima mau manamana wāwae o Ilka; ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo i ko lākou mau māiʻuʻu.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He piʻi piʻo a wikiwiki ʻo Ilka. Eia kekahi, neʻe pinepine kēia mau holoholona i ka honua. ʻO lākou wale nō. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻike i ka hele ʻana o ka elk i nā hui pālua a i ʻole nā hui, koe wale nō i nā wā o ka hana moena. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka huhū ma waena o nā kāne, kahi e hōʻoia wale ai i ko lākou ola i ka hilinaʻi o nā mea neʻe i loko. Hoʻoikaika kēia mau mea hōkai i ke ao a me ka pō. Hiki iā lākou ke lilo i nā ʻauʻau ʻauʻau wikiwiki.
Hoʻohana kēia mau māmala i nā kiko hoʻomaha e like me nā lua lāʻau, nā ʻōpala, nā lua, nā puʻu lālā, a me nā pūnana lālā i nā kau āpau. I ka hoʻoilo, lilo nā lua honua i home no lākou. Hiki iā Ilka ke noho i nā pūnana i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā pinepine ka noho ʻana i loko o lākou i ka wā puna a me ke kauwela. No nā wahi hoʻoilo, kūkulu lākou i nā lua hau, e like me nā lua ma lalo o ka hau, i hana ʻia e nā ʻanipili liʻiliʻi he nui.
Hoihoi ia!ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke launa pinepine me lākou, ʻoiai he "ʻano huna" kā lākou.
Hoʻololi ka nui o ka wahi i pale ʻia mai 15 a 35 mau kilomika kilomika, me ka awelika ma kahi o 25 kilomika kilomika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahi o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me lākou, akā ʻaʻole kūlike lākou me nā pae o nā kāne ʻē aʻe. He ʻaʻala maikaʻi ka lohe ʻana o ka poʻe a Elk. Kamaʻilio lākou me kekahi me kekahi ma o ka hōʻailona ala.
ʻOiai i loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau mea hōkai ma kekahi mau wahi, keu hoʻi ma ka hema o Ontario a me New York, ke ola nei nō. I kēia mau wahi, hoʻomaʻa nui lākou i ke alo o ke kanaka a hohonu lākou i loko o nā wahi kaona. I kēia mau wahi, ua nui nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā holoholona a me nā keiki.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo e hoʻāʻo wale nei kēia mau mea ʻimi e loaʻa nā meaʻai a pale iā lākou iho, akā paʻakikī loa e kāhea i kēia mea he kumu maikaʻi. I mea e hōʻoia ai i ko lākou palekana ponoʻī, ua noi ʻia nā kamaʻāina kūloko e kaupalena i ke kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻōpala, nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe no nā holoholona a me nā moa o ka home. Ke koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka ilk ke hana kolohe i kahi hoʻoweliweli i ʻike ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā lunamakaʻāinana maʻi o nā laha ke hana me ke ʻano kūpono ʻole ʻole.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka ilka
Hiki i nā Ilks ke ola a hala nā makahiki he ʻumi i ka nāhelehele.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻIke wale ʻia ʻo Ilka ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, mai ka Sierra Nevada a i Kaleponi a i nā Appalachians, West Virginia, a me Virginia. Hoʻonui ʻia ko lākou lehulehu ma ka Sierra Nevada a ma ka hema ma ka pae mauna ʻo Appalachian. ʻAʻole lākou i loaʻa ma nā wahi pā a ma ka hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I kēia manawa, ua emi ko lākou heluna kanaka i ka ʻaoʻao hema o kā lākou pae.
Makemake kēia mau holoholona i nā ululāʻau coniferous no ka noho ʻana, akā loaʻa pū lākou i nā māla kāwili ʻia a deciduous.... Koho lākou i nā wahi noho me nā mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe no ka pūnana. Hoihoi ʻia lākou e nā wahi noho me kahi nui o nā kumu hollow. Hoʻopili maʻamau kēia i nā mānoanoa ma laila kahi spruce, fir, thuja a me kekahi mau ʻano deciduous ʻē aʻe. E like me kāu e manaʻo ai, hōʻike ka wahi makemake o kā lākou wahi i kā lākou mea pio punahele.
Papaʻai a Ilka
He poʻe ʻaihue ʻo Ilka. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele he poʻe pili i ka papaʻai huikau. Hoʻopomo lākou i nā mea ʻai holoholona a me nā mea kanu. ʻO nā mea makemake nui ʻia nā voles, porcupines, squirrels, hares, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā shrews. I kekahi manawa e mālama ʻo shrewd ilk e hopu i kahi mea ʻē aʻe i ka ʻaina awakea. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā hua a me nā hua. Mākaukau ʻo Ilki e leʻaleʻa i nā ʻōpela a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻanoʻano me ka leʻaleʻa.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai nā huahana ʻiʻo, i ke ʻano o nā holoholona holoholona vertebrate terrestrial.
ʻO kēia laha, e like me ka marten ʻAmelika, kahi mea hoʻohana maʻalahi, dodgy predator. Mālama lākou e loaʻa ka meaʻai na lākou iho ma waena o nā lālā lāʻau a ma nā lua lepo, nā lua o nā kumulāʻau a ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe i kaupalena ʻia e ka wahi no ka maneuver. He poʻe hahai holoholona wale lākou, no laila ke ʻimi nei lākou i kahi pio i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou iho. ʻOiai hiki i nā ilks ke lanakila i ka mea pio i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou iho.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻole ʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i nā pāʻani moena ʻo Ilka. Pili ka nele o ka ʻike me kā lākou hana huna. Hiki i nā mākia ke kū i ʻehiku mau hola. Kū ka wā hānau i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo a me ka mua o ka pūawai, mai Malaki a Mei. Ma hope o ka momona, aia nā embryo i kahi kūlana hoʻomaha no 10 a 11 mau mahina, a hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka hou ʻana o ka ulu ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo ma hope o ka male ʻana. Ma ka laulā, hāpai ka hāpai ʻana ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki holoʻokoʻa, mai 11 a 12 mau mahina. ʻO ka helu awelika o nā keiki bipi i kahi ʻōpala kahi 3. Hiki ke loli ka nui o nā pēpē mai ka 1 a i ka 6. Hiki i kahi wahine olakino kino ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma o 2 mau makahiki.
Ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i nā makahiki o ka hānau keiki ʻana, ma ke ʻano he rula, hānau ʻo ilka i nā keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No laila, lilo mau nā wahine ilk i ko lākou ola makua āpau i kahi kūlana o ka hāpai ʻana a i ʻole ka lactation. Hiki i nā kāne o ka lāhui ke oʻo i ke kāne i ka makahiki 2. I ka manawa like, ma waho e hoʻomohala i nā kumukūʻai like ʻole. Hiki i ka wahine ke kaumaha o kahi holoholona makua i ka makahiki o 5.5 mau makahiki. Aia nā kāne ma hope o 1 mau makahiki o ke ola.
Hānau makapō ʻōpio ʻōpio a aneane ʻōlohelohe... ʻO ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia pēpē hānau ma kahi o 40 gram. Wehe nā maka ma kahi o 53 mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Ua ukuhi ʻia lākou e ka makuahine ma 8-10 mau makahiki o ko lākou makahiki. Akā noho lākou i ka pūnana ʻohana a hiki i 4 mau mahina. Ma muli o kēia manawa ua kūʻokoʻa lākou a lawa e ʻimi iā lākou iho. ʻAʻole kōkua nā kāne ʻili e hānai a hānai i kā lākou keiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hāʻule pinepine nā ʻōpio o kēia ʻano i nā lawaiʻa, ʻalopeke, lynxes a i ʻole nā ʻīlio hae.
ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine makua, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, palekana loa a ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
He kuleana nui ko Ilks ma ke ʻano he predators i nā kaiaola... Hoʻokūkū pinepine lākou me nā ʻalopeke, nā lynxes, nā coyotes, nā wolverine, nā martens ʻAmelika a me nā ermines i kā lākou kaʻina hana ʻai. He olakino maikaʻi loa ko lākou a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā maʻi āpau. ʻO ka pinepine, lilo ka ilk i mau maka o nā lima kanaka no ka waiwai o ko lākou hulu. ʻO ka hei ʻana i ka wā i hala, a me ka nāhelehele nui ʻana o nā ululāʻau deciduous a kāwili ʻia, kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona.
Hoihoi ia!Ma nā ʻāpana o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, e like me Michigan, Ontario, Nu Ioka, a me nā ʻāpana o Nu ʻEnelani, ua like nō me ka hoʻi hou mai o nā lehulehu. Ua koho ʻia kahi heluna kanaka ma ka South Sierra Nevada no ka pale ʻana ma lalo o ka Endangered Species Act.
ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o ko lākou wahi noho punahele ka mea i waiho ʻole i kahi koho no nā mea ʻaihue huluhulu. Ua kū ka zoo i kahi manawa paʻakikī e kiʻi a hōʻike i kēia mau holoholona, akā ua loaʻa kahi kūleʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēia manawa he nui nā poʻe holomua a olakino hoʻi o ka ilka. Ua hana ʻia kekahi papahana kūikawā e hoʻoulu a mālama i ke ola o kēia mau holoholona i ka paʻa pio.
