ʻO ka ʻaetoeto ka mea koho nui loa o ka genus o nā ʻaeto (Aquila). Hoʻolahalaha ʻia kēia manu lele ma kahi o ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau. Hiki iā ia ke noho i kēlā me kēia ʻāina, nā mauna a me nā awāwa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka hiki ke hoʻopili i nā kūlana kūwaho, e nalowale ana nā aeto gula a lilo i hoʻokahi o nā ʻano laha ʻole.
Hōʻike o ka aeto gula
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka aeto gula e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana aeto ka nui, ke kala a me ke ʻano o ka ʻaoʻao hope o nā ʻeheu.
Helehelena
ʻO ka ʻaeto gula he manu nui loa ia... ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi manu makua he 85 cm, ʻo ka ʻēheu he 180-240 cm, ʻokoʻa ke kaumaha mai 2.8 a i 4.6 kg i nā kāne a mai 3.8 a 6.7 kg i nā wahine. Kūlike ka nuku no ka nui o nā ʻaeto - kiʻekiʻe, ʻūlū, pālahalaha ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. Lōʻihi a pālahalaha nā ʻeheu, e hoʻopili iki ana i ka waihona, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ko lākou kua i hope i kahi pio S-kahi hiʻohiʻona e hiki ai ke ʻike i ka ʻaeto gula i ka lele ʻana. Lōʻihi ka huelo, poepoe, lele i ka lele. ʻO nā paws o nā aeto gula he nui loa a aneane piha i ka hulu.
ʻO ka plumage o kahi manu makua ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i ke kala, pinepine me kahi gula ma ke kua o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO nā wahine a me nā kāne i nā kala like. I nā ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka pouli o ka plumage, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele, me nā kiko keʻokeʻo "hōʻailona" ma nā ʻaoʻao luna a me lalo o nā ʻeheu. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā manu ʻōpio e kahi huelo māmā me kahi ʻāpana pouli ma ka lihi. Hoʻomaopopo kēia kala iā lākou mai nā aeto gula makua a pale iā lākou mai kā lākou huhū - ʻaʻole ʻae kēia mau manu i ke alo o nā malihini i ko lākou ʻāina.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā aeto gula ko lākou nānā maka nui loa. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i kahi hare holo mai ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua mau kilomita. I ka manawa like, hoʻomālama nā mākala maka kūikawā i ka maka aniani ma luna o ka mea, ka pale ʻana i ka manu mai ka ʻike maka ʻana iā ia, kahi nui o nā hunaola mālamalama o ka maka (cones a me nā koʻokoʻo) e hāʻawi i kahi kiʻi maopopo loa.
ʻOkoʻa nā aeto gula mai nā manu ʻē aʻe i ka hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā kala, a me ka hiʻona binocular - ka hiki ke hoʻohui i nā kiʻi mai nā maka ʻelua, e hana ana i kahi hopena ʻekolu dimensional. Kōkua kēia iā lākou e kuhi i ka mamao i kahi pio e like me ka pololei.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
ʻO nā ʻaeto makua makua he manu monogamous wale nō... Hiki i nā ʻeto ʻaeto makua makua ke noho i kekahi wahi o ka ʻāina no kekahi mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻae kēia mau manu i nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe i ko lākou ʻāina. ʻAʻohe hui like i waena o lākou. I ka manawa like, hoʻokumu kēia mau manu i nā paʻa paʻa ikaika loa e hoʻomau a hiki i ka hopena o ko lākou ola.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻaʻa ʻole o nā ʻaeto gula i nā launa kaiaulu, i kekahi mau wahi (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia) aia kahi kuʻuna o ka ʻimi holoholona me kēia mau manu.
A mālama pono ka poʻe hahai holoholona iā lākou - ʻoiai ka nui o ka nui a me ka ikaika, hiki i ka ʻaeto gula ke lilo i mea weliweli a hiki i nā kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻāʻo nā manu i hoʻohuli ʻia e hoʻouka i nā poʻe hahai holoholona a hōʻike pū i kekahi aloha no lākou.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā ʻaeto gula
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka ʻaeto gula he 23 mau makahiki. Ua piha ke kanaka makua i ka piha ʻana o kona makahiki he ʻeono, akā hoʻomaka pinepine nā aeto gula i ʻehā a ʻelima paha.
I nā zoo, hiki i kēia mau manu ke ola i 50 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻano o nā ʻaeto gula
ʻOkoʻa nā ʻāpana o nā aeto gula i ka nui a me ke kala. I kēia lā, ʻeono mau mea ʻike i ʻike ʻia, akā ʻaʻole aʻo ʻia ka hapanui o lākou ma muli o ka rarity o nā manu ponoʻī a me ka paʻakikī o ka nānā ʻana iā lākou.
- Noho ʻo Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos ma waena o Eurasia, koe wale no ka Iberian Peninsula, hikina a me Siberia Komohana. ʻO ia nā ʻāpana nominal.
- Hoʻolaha ʻia ʻo Aquila chrysaetus daphanea ma waena o ʻAkia Waena, me Pakistan a me India; ʻike ʻia ia e kahi kala ʻeleʻele i haʻi ʻia i kahi "pāpale" ʻeleʻele, a ʻo nā hulu manu ʻoki a me nā ʻāʻī ʻaʻole gula, akā ʻeleʻele.
- Noho ʻo Aquila chrysaetus homeyeri ma nā kuahiwi ma waena o Eurasia, mai Sekotia a i nā Pamirs. Ma ka awelika, ʻoi aku ka māmā o kona mau aeto Siberia, me kahi "pāpale" ʻike ʻia ma ke poʻo.
- Noho ʻo Aquila chrysaetus japonica ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril Hema a ʻaʻole i aʻo maikaʻi ʻia.
- He mea maʻamau ʻo Aquila chrysaetus kamtschatica ma Siberia Hikina ..
- Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ʻo Aquila chrysaetus canadensis ma kahi o ʻAmelike ʻĀkau.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka wahi pūnana o ka ʻaeto gula he ākea ākea... ʻIke ʻia kēia manu ma kahi o ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau. Ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ola ia ʻaneʻane ma waena o ka pae ʻāina (makemake i ka ʻaoʻao komohana). Ma ʻApelika - ma ka ʻākau o ka ʻāina nui mai Morocco a Tunisia, a ma ka ʻĀina Kaiʻula. Ma ʻEulopa, ʻike nui ʻia ia ma nā ʻāina mauna - ma Sekotia, nā Alps, ka Carpathians, ka Rhodope, ka Caucasus, ma ka ʻākau o Scandinavia, a me nā panalāʻau o nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baletika a me Rūsia. Ma ʻAsia, ākea ka ʻaeto gula ma Turkey, ma Altai, ma nā mauna Sayan, noho pū ia ma nā pali hema o ka Himalayas a ma ka mokupuni ʻo Honshu.
Hoʻoholo ʻia ke koho ʻana o ka nohona e ka hui pū ʻana o nā kumu he nui: ke kū ʻana o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi pūnana, kahi ākea no ka hopu holoholona, a me ke kū ʻana o kahi kahua meaʻai (nā rodent nui) Me ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ke kanaka a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka palena ʻāina i hoʻohana ʻia e ia, ka nele o nā mea kokoke o ka hana a ke kanaka a me ka poʻe ponoʻī i lilo i mea nui. I ka nahelehele, ʻike nui nā ʻaeto gula i nā haunaele kanaka.
ʻO ka nohona kūpono no ka ʻaeto gula he awāwa kuahiwi ia, akā hiki i kēia mau manu ke noho i ka tundra a me ka ululāʻau, ma ke ala hele a ma nā ululāʻau hoʻi kahi e wehe ai nā wahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO kahi wale nō ʻano o ka ʻāina i kūpono ʻole kūpono ʻole no ka ʻaeto gula kahi nahele nui. Ma muli o kona ʻēheu nui, ʻaʻole hiki i ka ʻaetoeto gula ke hoʻohuli i waena o nā kumulāʻau a ʻimi kūleʻa.
ʻAi ʻaeto ʻaeto
He ʻaihue nā aeto gula nona ka ʻaina nui e pili ana i nā koʻokoʻo nui: nā squirrels honua, nā hares, nā marmots. I ka manawa like, ʻike lākou pehea e maʻalahi ai ke hoʻololi i nā kūlana o kahi kikoʻī: ʻo kahi laʻana, ma Rūsia, alualu nā ʻaeto gula i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi a me nā manu ʻē aʻe, a ma Bulgaria - ma nā kuhukukū.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā aeto gula ma o ka hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i kahi ʻenemi ʻoi aku ka nui a ikaika hoʻi: pinepine nā hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i nā ʻīlio hae, dia, a me nā ʻio: i nā ʻāpana steppe, hoʻohana ʻia nā aeto gula e ʻimi ai i nā gazela. ʻO ka ʻaeto aeto e noho nei ʻaʻole mamao mai kahi noho kanaka hiki ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona, keu hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo ke hibernate nā koʻokoʻo. Eia kekahi, i ke kau anuanu, hānai nā manu he nui (ʻoi aku i nā ʻōpio) i ke kino make.
Pono kahi manu makua i 1.5 kg o kaʻiʻo i kēlā me kēia lā, akā, inā pono, hiki i ka ʻaeto gula ke hele me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no ka manawa lōʻihi - a ʻelima mau pule.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻaeto ʻaeto i nā predators hoʻonohonoho kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻo ia ka mea e noho i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa i ka kaulahao meaʻai a ʻaʻohe ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻO ke kāne wale nō ka hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi iā ia - ʻaʻole no ka luku ʻia, akā no ka mea ma nā wahi noho o ka poʻe, ʻaʻole pūnana nā aeto gula a hanau ʻole, akā ke hoʻopilikia ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolei i kahi pūnana me nā moa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka nā pāʻani mānoanoa no nā ʻaeto gula me ka hopena o ke kau anuanu - mai Pepeluali a ʻApelila, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka latitu. ʻO ke ʻano Demonstrative i kēia manawa ke ʻano o nā kāne a me nā wahine. Hana nā manu i nā kiʻi lewa like ʻole, ʻo ka mea nui a me ka hoihoi o ia lele ʻana i kapa ʻia ʻo "openwork" - ua piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa, haki ka manu i kahi piko kiʻekiʻe, a laila ma kahi haʻahaʻa e hoʻololi loa i ke ala o ka neʻe a piʻi hou. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kahi lele "iʻa" e kekahi lālā o ka pālua a i ʻole ʻelua paha.
Ma kona panalāʻau, loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻaetoeto gula he mau pūnana ʻino, a hoʻohana ʻē ʻia. ʻO ka helu o ia mau pūnana i hiki i ka ʻumikūmālua, akā pinepine ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua a ʻekolu paha. Hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia o lākou i nā makahiki he nui a hōʻano hou ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoihoi ia! He manu monogamous nā aeto gula. ʻO ka makahiki maʻamau i ka hoʻomaka o ka hānau hou ʻana he 5 mau makahiki; i ka makahiki like manu hana mau paʻa.
Hiki i kahi paʻa ke komo mai hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha mau hua (maʻa mau ʻelua). Hoʻokomo ka wahine i ka incubation, akā i kekahi manawa hiki i ke kāne ke pani iā ia. Hoʻomoʻa nā moa i nā wā o nā lā he nui - maʻa mau ma ke ʻano like kahi i waiho ai nā hua. ʻO ka moa ʻoi aku ka nui, ʻo ia ka mea hakakā - nahu i nā ʻōpio, ʻaʻole ʻae iā lākou e ʻai, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā hihia kainism - ka luku ʻana i ka pīpī ʻōpio e ka moa makua, i kekahi manawa ka cannibalism. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia ka wahine i ka mea e hana nei.
Piʻi nā Chicks ma ka ʻēheu i ka makahiki 65-80 mau lā, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā subspecies a me ka ʻāina, eia nō naʻe, noho lākou ma ka ʻāina o ka wahi pūnana no kekahi mau mahina.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia lā, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻaeto gula he manu laha ʻole a helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book, eia nō naʻe ia i ka ʻauhau makaʻu liʻiliʻi loa, no ka mea ua paʻa mau ka helu, a i nā makahiki i hala aku nei ua piʻi iki. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui i kēia ʻano mai nā kānaka.... I nā kenekulia 18 a me 19, ua kī pono ʻia kēia mau manu, no ka mea ua luku lākou i nā holoholona (ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka hoʻopau loa ʻana o nā ʻaeto gula i Kelemania).
I ke kenekulia 20, ua make lākou ma muli o ka hoʻohana ākea o nā pesticides - i ka piko o ke kaulaʻai, ua hōʻili koke nā aeto gula i nā mea ʻino i loko o ke kino, a ua alakaʻi ʻia i nā hemahema i ka ulu ʻana o ka embryonic a me ka make ʻana o nā moa i kū ʻole ʻia I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui i ka helu o nā manu ka noho ʻana o nā panalāʻau kūpono no ka pūnana ʻana e nā kānaka a me ka nalo ʻana o nā manu a me nā koʻokoʻo nui, ʻo ia ka meaʻai no nā ʻaeto gula, ma muli o kā lākou hana.
I kēia lā, i nā ʻāina he nui i kūkulu i ka ʻaeto aeto gula, ke hana ʻia nei nā mea e mālama ai a hoʻihoʻi hou ai i ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano. No laila, ma Lūkia a me Kazakhstan, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻaeto gula i loko o nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula. Pale ʻia nā pūnaewele pūnana o nā aeto gula e nā mālama kūlohelohe. Ma ka panalāʻau wale nō o Rūsia, noho kēia manu i nā mālama he iwakālua. Hiki i nā ʻaeto gula ke noho i nā zoo, akā ʻano liʻiliʻi i ka pio.
Pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā aeto gula ma nā wahi āpau.
