He mea maʻamau ka kāhea ʻana iā Sturgeon i kahi pūʻulu o nā iʻa iʻa mai ka ʻohana Sturgeon. Hoʻohui ka poʻe he nui i nā sturgeons me kā lākou ʻiʻo a me ka caviar, i waiwai nui ʻia e nā kānaka. ʻO ka Stiggeon kahi ʻano o nā moʻolelo kahiko Rukia a me kahi malihini kipa ma nā papa o ka ʻelite a me nā ʻeke kālā. I kēia mau lā, kākaʻikahi kekahi o nā ʻano Steregeon, e hooikaika nui ana nā poʻe loea mai nā ʻāina like ʻole e hoʻonui i ko lākou lehulehu.
Hōʻike Sturgeon
Sturgeon - iʻa nui me kahi kino elongated... ʻO lākou kekahi o nā iʻa cartilaginous kahiko loa ma ka Honua. ʻO nā kūpuna pololei o nā Stefleon hou i frolicked i nā muliwai i ka wā o nā dinosaurs: Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā loaʻa pinepine o nā fossil o ko lākou iwi iwi e pili ana i ka wā Cretaceous (85 - 70 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei).
Helehelena
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino maʻamau o kahi paʻa paʻa makua a i 2 mau mika, ke kaumaha ma kahi o 50 - 80 kilokilo. ʻO ka paʻa ʻoi loa o ka paʻa i ka wā i kaupaona ʻia, ua hōʻike ʻia ke kaumaha o kahi o 816 kilokilo me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 8 mau mika. Uhi ʻia ke kino nui fusiform o ka paʻa paʻa me nā unahi, nā tubercles bony, a me nā pā, i hoʻonui ʻia me nā unahi mānoanoa (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "bugs"). Kū lākou i nā lālani lonikū 5: ʻelua ma ka ʻōpū, hoʻokahi ma ke kua a ʻelua ma nā ʻaoʻao. Aia ka helu o nā "ʻupu" i ka pili ʻana i kekahi ʻano.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke kino, ma ke ʻano he kaulike, i nā kala i ke kala o ka lepo o lalo - i ka brown, hina a me nā kani one, keʻokeʻo a hina paha ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa. Hiki i ke kua ke loaʻa i kahi malu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoliva nani paha.
He ʻehā antennae maʻalea nā Sturgeons - hoʻohana lākou iā lākou e ʻike i ka lepo i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Hoʻopuni ka antennae i kahi waha liʻiliʻi, niho ʻole me nā lehelehe momona, ʻiʻo kino, aia ma ka hopena o kahi elongated, kiko waha, i kāna ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa. Hānau ʻia nā Fries me nā niho liʻiliʻi i luhi ʻia i ko lākou oʻo ʻana. He palaka paʻa paʻa ko ka Stefgeon, ʻehā gills a me kahi wai ʻauʻau nui hoʻomohala maikaʻi. I loko o kona iwi iwi iwi, nele loa ka iwi iwi, a me ke kuamoʻo (kāna mau hana ma loko o ka pōʻaiapuni o ka iʻa e hoʻokō ʻia e ka notochord).
Ka hana a me ka nohona
Noho nā Sturgeons i nā hohonu mai 2 a 100 mau mika, makemake e noho a hānai i lalo. Ma muli o nā peculiarities o ko lākou wahi noho, hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi lākou i nā mahana wai haʻahaʻa a me ka pōloli lōʻihi. Wahi a ko lākou nohona, mahele ʻia nā ʻano Stiffgeon i:
- anadromous: noho i ka wai saline kahakai o ke kai a me ka moana, waha o ka muliwai. I ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a i ka hoʻoilo paha, piʻi lākou i uka o nā kahawai, e ʻau pinepine ana i kahi mamao;
- semi-anadromous: ʻokoʻa ka anadromous, huki lākou i nā waha o ka muliwai me ka neʻe ʻole ma kahi mamao aku;
- wai hou: sedentary.
Wā ola
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā Strege 40-60 mau makahiki. I beluga hiki i 100 mau makahiki, Lūkini Stefan - 50, stellate Sturate a me sterlet - a i 20-30 mau makahiki. Hoʻohuli ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā paʻa uila i ka nahelehele e nā mea e like me ke aniau a me nā fluctuations o ka mahana o ka wai i loko o ka makahiki, a me ka pae o ka haumia o nā kino wai.
Hoʻokaʻina, ʻano o ka Stefgeon
ʻIke nā ʻepekema i 17 mau ʻano ola. ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i helu ʻia i ka Buke ʻula.
Eia kekahi mau paʻa paʻa maʻamau ma Lūkia:
- Lūkini paʻa paʻa - nā iʻa, caviar a me nā ʻiʻo o nā mea i loiloi lōʻihi ʻia no kā lākou ʻono maikaʻi loa. Aia ia i kēia manawa ma ka palena o ka luku. ʻAʻole ulu ʻo Antennae, ʻokoʻa i nā paʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe, a puni ka waha, akā ma ka hope o ka waha. ʻO nā ola a me nā spawns i ke kai Caspian, ʻEleʻele, Azov a me nā kahawai nui e kahe ana i loko o lākou: ka Dnieper, Volga, Don, Kuban. Hiki iā lāua ke lilo i passable a me sedentary.
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi makua Lūkini paʻa paʻa ma mua o 25 kilokilo. Loaʻa iā ia kahi kino i kala ʻia i ke kani a me nā hina a me kahi ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. ʻAi ʻia i ka iʻa, crustacea, ilo. Hiki ke interbreed me nā ʻano Sturgeon (stellate Sturate, Sterlet) i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
- Kaluga - ʻaʻole wale he kūlanakauhale ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, akā he ʻano koa paʻa hoʻi e noho nei ma ka Hikina hikina. ʻO ke kua o ka kaluga ʻeleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uhi ʻia ke kino me nā lālani o nā unahi iwi me nā kākalaioa ʻoi loa a me nā ʻumiʻumi e pili nui ana i nā ʻano paʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe. Unpretentious i ka meaʻai kino. Hānai ʻia ia e ka omo ʻana i ka wai iā ia iho a huki pū me ia. I kēlā me kēia mau makahiki ʻelima, kupu aʻe kahi Kaluga wahine ma mua o hoʻokahi miliona mau hua manu.
- Sterlet - kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano he antennae me kahi ʻaoʻao lōʻihi a me kahi helu nui o nā pā iwi. I ka sterlet, ʻike mua ʻia ka ʻōpio ma mua o nā ʻano Steregeon. ʻO ka lāhui wai wai maʻa mua. Hiki i nā ana awelika i ka hapalua mika, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 50 kilokilo. He ʻano palupalu ia.
ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai me nā larvae insect, nā leech a me nā meaola benthic ʻē aʻe, ʻai ʻia ka iʻa i kahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO Bester, kahi ʻano hybrid o ka sterlet a me ka beluga, kahi mea kanu i makemake nui ʻia no kaʻiʻo a me ka caviar. Aia ka wahi kūlohelohe i nā kahawai o ke kahawai o ka Caspian, Black, Azov a me nā kai ʻo Balicic, loaʻa ia i loko o nā kahawai e like me Dnieper, Don, Yenisei, Ob, Volga a me nā mea kōkua, Kuban, Ural, Kama. - ʻO Amur sturgeon, ʻo kā Shrenk paʻa paʻa - hana i nā wai wai a me nā ʻano semi-anadromous, manaʻo ʻia ia he pili pili loa i ka Siberian Sturgeon. Mālamalama ʻo Gill rakers a loaʻa 1 apex. Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka make. Hiki i 3 mau mika i ka lōʻihi me ke kaumaha o ke kino ma kahi o 190 kg, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha ma mua o 56-80 kg. Hiki i kahi ihu elongated a i ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo. Aia nā lālani dorsal o ka Stefgeon mai ka 11 a i ka 17 beetles, nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao mai 32 a 47, a me nā ʻōpū mai 7 a 14. ʻAi lākou i nā larvae o nā lele caddis a me nā mayflies, crustacean, larrey lamprey a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi. Noho i ke kahawai ʻo Amur, mai ka pae o lalo a ma luna, a Shilka a me Argun, i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu, piʻi ka shoal i ka muliwai a hiki i ka ʻāina Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.
- Stellate sturgeon (lat. Acipenser stellatus) He ʻano anadromous o ka paʻa, pili loa i ka sterlet a me ke kākalaioa. ʻO Sevruga kahi iʻa nui, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 2.2 m me ka nui o kahi o 80 kg. ʻO ka stellate Sturate he elongated, heiki, a he pā iki, a hiki i 65% o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo. Aia nā lālani o nā nalo dorsal mai 11 a 14 mau mea, ma nā lālani ʻaoʻao aia 30 a 36, ma ka ʻōpū mai 10 a 11.
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ke kua i ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i ke kala, ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā ʻaoʻao, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka papaʻai o ka stellate Sturate ʻo ia hoʻi nā crustacea a me nā mysids, nā ʻano ʻenuhe, a me nā ʻano iʻa liʻiliʻi. Noho ʻo Sevruga i nā kīʻaha o ke kai Caspian, Azov a me Black, i kekahi manawa loaʻa nā iʻa i ke kai Adriatic a me Aegean. I ka wā hānau, haʻalele nā stellate Sturgeon no ka Volga, Ural, Kura, Kuban, Don, Dnieper, Pepeke Hema, Inguri a me Kodori.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Nui ka ʻāpana o ka Staggeon. Noho ka iʻa i ka wahi mehana (ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻo Sturgeon i nā wai mehana) ma ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau wale nō. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, noho nā paʻa paʻa i nā wai o ka Caspian, Black a me Azov Seas, ma ka Hikina hikina a me nā kahawai ʻākau.
I ka wā hānau, kū kēlā mau ʻano Stiffgeon ʻaʻole wai wai hou ma nā wahi o nā kahawai nui. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano iʻa e mahi hānai ʻia ma nā mahiʻai iʻa, aia ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe o kēia ʻano.
ʻAiʻai Sturgeon
He omnivorous ka mea paʻa. ʻO kāna papaʻai maʻamau ka limu, invertebrates (molluscs, crustaceans) a me nā ʻano iʻa kaulike waena. Hoʻololi ka Sturgeon e kanu i ka meaʻai ke loaʻa ka hemahema o nā holoholona.
Hiki i nā iʻa nui ke lele kūleʻa i ka moa wai. Ma ka manawa pōkole ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, e hoʻomaka ikaika nā kālapaʻa e ʻai ikaika i nā mea āpau a lākou e ʻike ai: nā lū, nā ilo, nā lepe Mālama lākou i ka momona hou aku, no ka mea i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻemi nui ʻia ka makemake o nā Stefgeon.
Hoʻokahi wale nō mahina ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hana hou ʻana, hoʻomaka ka iʻa e hānai... ʻO ka meaʻai nui no ka friggeon fry nā holoholona liʻiliʻi: copepods (cyclops) a me cladocerans (daphnia a me moina) crustaceans, nā ilo liʻiliʻi a me nā crustacean. Ke ulu nei, hoʻopili nā keiki ʻōpio i kā lākou papaʻai i nā crustacean nui, a me nā molluscs a me nā ʻelala insect.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hiki i nā Sturgeons ke oʻo moekolohe ma waena o nā makahiki o 5 a me 21 (ʻo ke anuanu ke anuanu, ka hope). Hoʻokumu nā wahine i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 3 mau makahiki, i nā manawa he nui i ko lākou ola, nā kāne - pinepine pinepine.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki ke lūlū i nā ʻano Stiffgeon mai Malaki a Nowemapa. ʻO ka piko o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i waenakonu o ke kauwela.
ʻO kahi mea e pono ai no ka hānau ʻana holomua a me ka oʻo ʻana o nā keiki ka hou o ka wai a me kahi kahe ikaika. ʻAʻole hiki i ka Stefange ke hoʻoulu i ka wai stagnant a i ʻole ka paʻakai. He mea nui ka mahana o ka wai: ʻo ka hoʻomehana o ke kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka hewa o ka caviar. Ke hoʻomehana ʻia i 22 kekelē a ʻoi aku, ʻaʻole ola nā embryo.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Salemona
- Carp kālā kala
- Salemona ʻākala
- Tuna
I ka manawa o hoʻokahi ʻōnaehana, hiki i nā wahine wahine ke hoʻomoe i kekahi mau miliona mau hua me ke anawaena he 2-3 mau milimita, ke kaupaona ʻia kēlā me kēia me 10 milligrams. Hana lākou i kēia ma nā kahawai o ka muliwai, ma waena o nā pōhaku a me nā ana o nā pōhaku nui. Hoʻopili paʻa nā hua koʻokoʻo i ka substrate, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e lawe ʻia e ka muliwai. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā embryos mai 2 a 10 mau lā.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe o nā ʻenemi i waena o nā paʻa wai hou ma waena o nā laha o nā holoholona hihiu. Pili wale ka hoʻemi o kā lākou helu i nā hana a ke kanaka.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ʻo Sturgeon me ka make ʻana i ke kenekulia 21 e like me ka wā ma mua... Pili kēia i nā hana a ke kanaka: ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kūlana kaiaola, lawaiʻa ikaika loa, i hoʻomau ʻia a hiki i ke kenekulia 20, a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ka mea pālahalaha a hiki i kēia lā.
ʻO ke ʻano i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā kālepa i ʻike ʻia i ka kenekulia 19, akā ʻo nā hana e mālama ai i nā ʻano laha - ka hakakā ʻana me ka lawaiʻa ʻana, e hoʻāla ana i nā mahiʻai iʻa me ka hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia ʻana i ka nāhelehele - ua hoʻomaka ʻia e hoʻokō ʻia i loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei. I kēia manawa, pāpā ikaika ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma kahi o nā ʻano Stefgeon a pau loa ma Rukia.
Waiwai kālepa
I kekahi mau ʻano o kaʻiʻo Stefgeon a me ka caviar waiwai nui: waiwai kēia mau huahana i ka protein digestible maʻalahi, ʻo ka mea i loko o kaʻiʻo a hiki i 15%, nā wikamina, ka sodium a me nā waikawa momona. ʻO nā kīʻaha Sturgeon kahi ʻāpana like ʻole o ka papaʻaina o nā tsars a me nā manars Lūkia, nā mea hanohano o Roma Roma a me Kina. Ua hoʻohana ka pūʻali koa o ka luna koa Alexander ka Nui i ka caviar concentrate i mea ʻai.
No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Sturgeon e hoʻomākaukau i ka iʻa iʻa, nā ʻopa, ka hodgepodge, ka palai a me ka mea i ukuhi ʻia. Hoʻopili maʻamau ka ʻiʻo keʻokeʻo lahilahi i nā ʻōnaehana pohō kaumaha. ʻAneʻane nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kino o ka paʻa paʻa, a hiki i ka cartilage a me ka notochord, kūpono i ka ʻai kanaka.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻohana ʻia ka momona Sturgeon a me ka caviar i ka wā i hala i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani, a ua hana ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka ʻau ʻauʻau.
Hiki ke wehewehe no ka manawa lōʻihi i nā hopena maikaʻi i loaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka Stefgeon i ke kino o ke kanaka... Kōkua ka momona o kēia iʻa i ke kaua ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi a me ke kaumaha, he hopena maikaʻi ka hana o ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular. ʻO ka caviar ka mea waiwai nui o ʻekolu mau ʻano paʻa (i ka iho ʻana):
- beluga (kala - hina a ʻeleʻele, hua nui)
- Lūkini paʻa paʻa (ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻeleʻele a melemele paha)
- stellate Sturgeon (nā hua manu waena)
