No ka papa o nā amphibians huehue ka newt a maʻalahi paha. ʻO ia ka laha maʻamau o ka genus o nā newts liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka naturalist a me ka mea mākaʻikaʻi ʻo Karl Linnaeus i hōʻike mua i kēia amphibian i ka makahiki 1758.
Hōʻike o ka newt maʻamau
Huikau nā lehulehu i ka newt me nā moʻo a i ʻole nā toads.... Akā ʻo kēia holoholona, hiki ke noho i ka wai a ma ka ʻāina, he nui kona mau hiʻohiʻona kūwaho.
Helehelena
I ka lōʻihi, ʻo ka nui o nā newts mai 8 a 9 cm. Kiki iki ka ʻili o ke kino. Maʻalahi ka ʻōpū. Aia ke kala i ka laha, akā pinepine ka brown-ʻoliva. Hoʻohui, hiki i ka ʻili o ka ʻili ke loli i ke ola. Molts ʻo Newts i kēlā me kēia pule.
Nui a pālahalaha ke poʻo. Pili ʻia me kahi kino fusiform e kahi ʻāʻī pōkole. ʻAneʻane like ka huelo i ka lōʻihi me ke kino. ʻElua mau lālā o ka lōʻihi like. Ma ke alo, ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻekolu a ʻehā paha manamana. ʻElima mau manamana wāwae nā lālā hope.
Hoihoi ia! Uku Tritons no ka maka nāwaliwali loa me kahi ʻano hohono.
ʻOkoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne i waho. ʻO nā hope i nā kiko ʻeleʻele i ke kino. Hoʻohui, hoʻomohala nā kāne i kahi kāwili mālamalama i ka wā o ka moʻa. He mana kupaianaha ko Newts. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻihoʻi ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻāpana o ke kino, akā i nā mea o loko.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Noho pinepine lākou i nā hui liʻiliʻi o kekahi mau kānaka i nā kino o ka wai stagnant. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā loko wai liʻiliʻi, auwai. ʻO ka mea nui ka paʻa o ka waihona wai. Aloha i nā mānoanoa ma lalo o ka wai. ʻEleu ia i ka wai a puni ka uaki. Noho lākou i kahi hohonu o ka cm 50. Holo lākou no ka ea i kēlā me kēia 5-7 mau minuke. Akā no nā mea hou, he mea nui ka loaʻa ʻana o ka oxygen i loko o ka wai ponoʻī. Nocturnal lākou, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ka wela a me ka mālamalama o ke ao. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā ua, ʻikea nā hola ao.
Hoʻopuka nā Newts i nā kani pokole i ke alapine o 3000-4000 Hz. I ke kauwela, ke hiki mai ke anuanu, neʻe nā mea hou i ka ʻāina a peʻe ma lalo o nā puʻu o nā lau. Hiki iā lākou ke kolo i nā lua o nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi. Hoʻonāukiuki ka wela o Zero i ka lohi o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea hou, a hiki i ka mae ʻana. Moe hibernate.
Aia kekahi mau hihia i ka wā i hui nui ʻia ai ka nui o nā kānaka i ka hale haʻahaʻa a me nā hale waiho paʻa hale. Ua loaʻa iā lākou he ʻumi a he mau haneli hou, e hoʻouluulu like ana i kēia ʻano. I ka puna e hoʻi lākou i ka waihona wai. I kēia hihia, hiki ke mahana ka wai mai 4 a 12 kekelē.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā newts mākua ke ola i ka wai a me ka honua. Hanu lākou me nā gills a me nā akemāmā ʻelua. Inā maloʻo ka waihona, a laila no kekahi manawa hiki i nā mea hou ke noho, hūnā ʻana i nā papa mānoanoa o nā limu pulu.
ʻOi aku ka ʻino ma ka honua. Akā i ka wai hōʻike lākou i ka wikiwiki a me ka maneuverability o ka neʻe ʻana.
Ehia mau mea hou e ola nei
Pili i nā poʻe lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka honua holoholona... ʻO ka makahiki maʻamau e noho ai lākou i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 10-14 mau makahiki. I ke pio ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā makahiki 28-30. No kēia, hana nā aquarist i nā kūlana kūikawā no ke ola holomua o kēia mau amphibians.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ke kūkulu ʻia nei kahi waihona i hana ʻia me ka hohonu o 10 cm. He kūpono kahi aquaterrarium no 30-40 liters. Maʻa mau ka māhele i ka ʻāina a me nā ʻāpana wai. Hiki ke komo i ka ʻāina i nā pōhaku a i nā ʻiliʻili paha. Pono e hana i nā hale pale i loko. ʻAʻole hana ʻia nā kihi o ka waihona i kekahi hihia, i ʻole e ʻehaʻeha ka holoholona. Noho nui ka hale i nā mea kanu. No laila, ʻoluʻolu a palekana hoʻi ka mea hou. Koi ʻia kahi kānana wai.
Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia ka terrarium mai nā kumu kukui pololei. ʻAʻole ʻae nā Newts i ka wela a me nā kukui hāmama, hoʻomaka e maʻi a make paha. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka palena o ka mahana o luna ma mua o 25 kekelē. 15-17 kekelē kiʻekiʻe. E uhi pono i ka terrarium me kahi poʻi, e like me ka pinepine e pakele ai ka holoholona. Once i nā kūlana o kahi keʻena, paʻakikī loa e ʻike. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā kāne ʻelua e alakaʻi i nā hakakā mau. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i nā heterosexuals.
Nā lālā ʻē aʻe hou
Ma waena o nā subspecies o ka newt maʻamau i ʻike nui ʻia.
- Newt hou. ʻO Nominative, nā mea lawelawe ākea ākea loa. Hana ʻia mai ʻIlelani a i Siberia Komohana. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona, he piko niho kiʻekiʻe kona ma ke kua.
- Ka hua waina a i ʻole ampelous newt. Noho ma Romania. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kahi pali dorsal pōkole, 2-4 mm wale nō.
- Aretic newt. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma Helene, Makedonia.
- ʻO Cosswig's Triton. Noho ʻo ia ma Turkey.
- Triton Lanza. ʻO Habitat: ʻo Lūkia hema, ʻo Georgia, ʻo Azerbaijan, ʻo ka ʻĀkau o Armenia. ʻO kāna mau wahi punahele nā coniferous a me nā ulu lāʻau. Ka lōʻihi o ke kino 6-8 mm.
- Hema newt. Loaʻa ma ka ʻākau o ʻItalia, ma ka hema o Kuizena.
- ʻO Triton ʻo Schmidtler. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Turkey.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho nā newt maʻamau kahi nui nā mea kanu. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻaneʻane i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Noho lākou ma ʻEulopa Komohana, Hema a me ʻAkau ʻAmelika, ʻAsia, Siberia Komohana. Loaʻa lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1500 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai.
Makemake lākou e noho i nā ulu lāʻau ulu a deciduous, waiwai i nā ulu lāʻau. Hōʻalo i nā wahi maloʻo hāmama. Eia nō naʻe, inā ma kahi maloʻo kahi stagnant, wai paʻa mau, a laila noho mālie nā mea hou.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka newt maʻamau
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai i loko o ka waihona wai i haku ʻia me nā crustacean, nā ʻenela ʻelima a me nā invertebrates ʻē aʻe... ʻAʻole hōʻole i ka caviar, a me nā tadpoles. Ma ka ʻāina - slugs, earthworms, larvae. Hōʻike lākou i ka hana ʻai nui i ka wai. Eia kekahi, ma ka ʻāina, hiki ke centipedes ka papaʻai o kahi newt maʻamau, nā mite pūpū.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ʻo Puberty ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki o kona makahiki. Hoʻomaka koke ka hana ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hibernation, mai ma kahi o Malaki. I ke kau moʻo, hoʻololi nā kāne. Hoʻolālā lākou i kahi kāwili me kahi ʻalani polū a me ka ʻalani ʻalani. Hoʻopiha ʻia ka kualapa me nā kīʻaha koko, ka mea e hāʻawi i kēlā me kēia me ka oxygen. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻomohala nā kāne i nā lobes ma waena o nā manamana wāwae.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kāne a me ka wahine e ke ʻano o ka cloaca. I nā kāne nui a spherical ia, a i nā wahine kuhikuhi ʻia. Ke ʻimi nei nā kāne, i ka wai, i nā wahine. E hana ai i kēia, ke ʻike nei i kahi kanaka kūpono, ʻauʻau lākou a honi, pā i ka waha. Ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana he wahine kēia, hoʻomaka lākou e hulahula.
Hoihoi a ʻano ʻē ka hulina moena o ka newt. Hoʻomaka ka hōʻike me ke hoʻoluliluli mālie ʻana o ke kāne i mua a i mua, e ʻau ana i ka wahine. A laila kū i luna i nā wāwae mua. He kekona kekona ma hope, e kūlou ikaika i ka huelo, pahu i kahi kahawai ikaika i ka wahine. Ma hope o kēlā, kuʻi ke kāne iā ia iho me kāna huelo me kona ikaika āpau, ʻoiai e nānā ana i ka hopena o ke kuko. Ma ka huli, inā makemake ka wahine i nā maneuver i hana ʻia, haʻalele ʻo ia a ʻae iā ia e ukali iā ia.
He mea ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ke kaʻina moena ponoʻī. Hoʻomoe ke kāne i kāna spermatophores ma nā ʻāpana, a ʻo ka wahine e ʻohi iā lākou me ka ʻāpelu. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i ka lihi o kāna cloaca spermatophores, a laila hāʻule i loko o ka spermotheca - kahi ʻano kaumaha i ke ʻano o ka ʻeke.
Mai laila mai, holo ka sperm i nā hua e kupu mai ana a momona iā lākou. A laila hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana. He lōʻihi loa ka lōʻihi, kokoke i hoʻokahi mahina holoʻokoʻa. Aia he 700 mau hua i loko o ka ʻōpala, a ʻo kēlā me kēia, ʻo ka wahine me ke akahele a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi, wahī a hoʻopili i ka lau.
Hoihoi ia! Makemake nā wahine liʻiliʻi i nā kāne liʻiliʻi. Ma ka huli ʻana, hōʻike paha nā kāne nui i ka hoihoi i nā wahine nui.
Ma hope o 3 mau pule, ʻike ʻia nā ʻohana hou. Palupalu ko lākou kino, 6 mm wale nō, kukui i ke kala me nā wahi kukuna uila ma nā ʻaoʻao. Hiki i ke kua i melemele a i melemele-ʻulaʻula. Akā pouli nā waihoʻoluʻu, translucent. ʻO ka mea mua e hoʻomohala kūpono ʻo ka huelo. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka neʻe ke tikiki i ke ola. Akā ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka pilau ma hope o 9-10 mau lā.
Akā, ma hope o 48 mau hola, ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka waha, a hoʻomaka nā pēpē o nā mea hou e hopu i kā lākou ponoʻī. Hānai pinepine lākou i nā larvae mosika. I ka manawa mua, he hanu ka hanu, i ka manawa o ke oʻo ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka hanu pulmonary. I ka pae larval, haʻi ʻia nā gill feathery kūwaho i nā newts. Hoʻomaka ka ʻike o nā lālā hope i nā lā 21-22 o ke ola.
No ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mahina e ulu ikaika ana a e ulu ana ka newt, a laila hoʻāʻo e haku i ka ʻāina no ka manawa mua... I ka manawa a lākou i pae ai i ka ʻāina, 4-5 knm ke kino. Ma hope o ka hānau mua ʻana, hoʻomaka kēia mau amphibians e alakaʻi i kahi ola piha ma ka ʻāina. Hū ka ʻili o ka newt i kahi lāʻau make ʻole ʻino loa i nā kānaka, akā hōʻino i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka newt lehulehu he mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole noʻonoʻo ka poʻe he nui i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana iā lākou no ka ʻaina awakea. E hoʻomaka ana mai kā lākou mau hoa - nā newest crered a me nā rana o ka loko, e pau me nā iʻa, nāhesa, nā moonihoawa. ʻAi pū nā manu a me kekahi mau holoholona i nā newa clumsy ma ka ʻāina i kekahi manawa. I Lūkia, makemake nui nā pike, carp a me perch i ka iʻa mai ka iʻa. ʻO nā manu, ʻo ka ʻenemi ka hina heron, mallard, teal. ʻO kā lākou mau māmala ka vole wai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, helu ʻia ia i ka Red Book ma Russia, Azerbaijan. Manaʻo ʻia he ʻano laha ʻole ma UK a me Kuikilana. Pale ʻia e ka Berne Convention. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i manaʻo ʻia ka huina clogging o nā kino wai - nā wahi nui o nā newts.
I Rūsia, pale pale ʻia ia e nā kānāwai pekelala o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa "Ma ka Honua holoholona", "Ma nā ʻĀina Kūpono Kūpono Kūpono ʻia", a me ke kauoha a ke Kuhina o ka Hoʻomalu Kūlohelohe a me nā Kumuwaiwai Kūlohelohe o ka Russian Federation No. 126 o Mei 4, 1994 No.
