ʻO ka dia ʻulaʻula (lat. Servus elarhus) he mammal ia mai ke kauoha Artiodactyl, no ka ʻohana Deer a me ka genus deer Real. ʻO kahi holoholona nui nui ke kino lōkihi.
Hōʻike o ka dia ʻulaʻula
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano ʻāpana ʻulaʻula e ka nui o nā ʻāpana, ʻokoʻa ka mea ʻokoʻa mai kekahi i kekahi ʻaʻole wale i ke kaupaona a me ko lākou nui, akā i ke kala a me kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe:
- Dia dia Pākehā;
- Ka dia Caucasian;
- Wapiti,
- Maral;
- Dia dia Crimea;
- ʻO Tugai a i ʻole Bukhara dia;
- Dia ʻulaʻula.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau no nā subspecies ka palule, ka mea i loaʻa ʻole ke kala i ʻike ʻia i ke kauwela, a me ke kū ʻana o kahi kiko keʻokeʻo nui lawa ma lalo o ka huelo. Loaʻa nā dia i ka ʻulaʻula me nā kaʻina hana he nui, no ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia kahi "kalaunu" ʻano maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi ma ke poʻo i ka hapanui o nā hihia.... I kēia manawa, aia he ʻumikūmālima mau ʻohana i pili i nā ʻano ʻāpana ʻulaʻula.
Helehelena
Kūlike ka nui o nā subspecies i ka nui. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ke kaupaona o nā marals nui a me wapiti i ʻoi aku ma mua o 290-300 kg me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 2.5 m a ʻoi a me ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mākua ma nā mea mae - 130-160 cm. -190 knm. ʻO ke kala o ka hulu dia ʻulaʻula keʻokeʻo-ʻeleʻele-melemele.
He lālā ʻelima kāne kāne makua i lala i nā antlers me ʻelima a ʻoi paha mau kui e kalaunu i kēlā me kēia aniani. ʻO nā wahine o kēia laha ʻaʻohewi. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka holoholona e nā pepeiao nui a me nā oval, a me kahi huelo pokole. Loaʻa i nā dia nā keiki i ke kala o ke kino, akā i ka ʻelele makua o ka laha, ʻike ʻē ʻia a ʻike palupalu paha ke kīnā ʻana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā maka o nā holoholona no ka ʻohana Deer a me ke ʻano He dia maoli ke ʻano ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha i ka pō.
ʻO ke kua o nā ʻūhā, kahi e kokoke ana i ka huelo, ʻike ʻia e ke kū ʻana o kahi "māla" me nā kala ʻōniʻoniʻo. ʻO ia "aniani" ka huelo e ʻae ai i nā holoholona ʻaʻole e lilo kekahi i kekahi ma nā wahi nahele lau lau nui. I nā dia ʻulaʻula makua, hoʻonui ke kukui "aniani" ma mua o ka huelo a ʻike ʻia e kahi aniani ele.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
Noho nā dia i nā wahi pālahalaha i nā holoholona noho, no laila mālama lākou i nā holoholona he ʻumi a ʻoi paha mau kānaka, e noho ana i nā wahi liʻiliʻi me ka nui o 300-400 hectares. Noho nā holoholona i nā kahakai mauna i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi o ka wā a hiki ke uhi i kahi mamao o 100-150 km.
ʻO ka hoʻololi i nā wahi no ka hoʻoilo me ka hau liʻiliʻi e hele mālie, aʻo ko lākou lōʻihi, ma ke ʻano he rula, ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa a i ʻelua mau mahina. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela o Mei, ke hoʻoheheʻe wikiwiki ka hau i nā wahi mauna, hoʻi ka dia. Ma nā panalāʻau wela o ʻAkia Waena, makemake ka dia e neʻe i ka palena me kahi wao nahele i ka pō.
I nā lā wela loa, hoʻāʻo ʻo reindeer e komo i loko o ka wai a hānai i nā wā lōʻihi, e kuapo ana ma waena o ka hānai ʻana a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i waena o ka mauʻu. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hāpai nā holoholona luhi a hoʻolei i kahi hau liʻiliʻi, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hoʻomehana i nā lua no ka hoʻomaha.
ʻO kahi bipi reindeer i hui pinepine ʻia e alakaʻi ʻia e kahi luahine, kahi e ʻākoakoa ai nā keiki o nā makahiki like ʻole... ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā poʻe i kēlā ʻano hipa ma mua o ʻeono poʻo. I ka pūnāwai, hemo koke nā bipi, a i ke kauwela, ʻohiʻohi nā kāne i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo harem. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻāpā reindeer, hui pū nā ʻōpio a me nā bipi keiki i ka hui, i pani ʻia e nā wahine makua, no laila hiki i ka ʻohana ke helu i kanakolu poʻe.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā anela i hoʻomohala a koʻikoʻi loa i nā makahiki he ʻumi mau makahiki, no laila, i ka maral mākua, ʻo ke kaumaha o nā antlers he ʻumi kilokika, a i nā dia Caucasian - ma kahi o 7-8 kg.
Hoʻomaka ka ulu o nā kāne o ke kāne mai ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, a i ka wā o ka hāʻule o ka makahiki ʻelua, ua hoʻonani ʻia ke poʻo o nā dia ʻōpio me nā "match" ossified - nā pepeiaohao i loaʻa ʻole nā kaʻina hana. Ma kahi o ʻApelila, hoʻokahe ka dia i nā antlers mua loa, a ma hope e hoʻomohala i nā hana hou, me ʻekolu a ʻehā mau kaʻina. Ke ulu a makua, hoʻonui ka pepeiaohao i ka nui, a nui ka nui o nā kaʻina hana.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai nā dia ʻulaʻula?
Ke mālama ʻia i ke pio ʻana, ola paha nā dia ʻulaʻula a hiki i ke kanakolu o kona mau makahiki, a i nā kūlana kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe paha, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēlā holoholona ma mua o ʻumikūmāhā mau makahiki. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ʻo ka dia ʻulaʻula ma nā wahi he nui o ko mākou honua, no laila nui a ʻano ʻokoʻa hoʻi kā lākou pae. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Deer a me ke ʻano He dia maoli i loaʻa ma nā wahi a pau ma Western Europe, a ʻo Morocco a me Algeria hoʻi.
ʻO Scandinavia Hema, Afghanistan a me Mongolia, Tibet, a me ka ʻaoʻao hema a hikina hoʻi o Kina e ʻoluʻolu no ke ola o nā dia. ʻO ka laulā ʻo Cervus elaphus i hoʻolaha nui ʻia i loaʻa ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau. ʻO nā holoholona o nā makahiki ʻokoʻa e pili ana i kēia ʻano i loaʻa pū ʻia ma Nūhōlani a me ʻAukekulelia, Chile a me ʻAtenitina, kahi i hoʻolauna kūikawā ʻia ai a acclimatized maikaʻi loa lākou.
I ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka laulā, ua koho nā dia i nā wahi me nā kumu lāʻau ʻoka a me nā ululāʻau beech māmā.... Ma nā panalāʻau o Caucasus, i ke kauwela, ʻo ia mau holoholona, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, noho i nā ʻaoʻao luna o ke kāʻei ulu lāʻau, i ʻike ʻia e ka nui o nā nāhelehele me nā forbs kiʻekiʻe. Ma nā mauna Sayan a me Altai, makemake ka marals e noho i nā wahi ahi i hoʻomāhuahua ʻia a i ʻole ka piko o nā wahi nahele, mai kahi e hele ai nā holoholona i nā wahi hānai o nā kula alpine.
Hoihoi ia! Ma Sikhote-Alin, nā wahi ākea ʻoka ākea a me nā mālamalama, a me nā wahi ulu o nā wahi mauna, kekahi o nā wahi punahele o nā dia ʻulaʻula makua a me kā lākou hanauna ʻōpio.
Noho pinepine nā dia Bukhara ma nā wahi kai i waiwai i nā ulu lāʻau poplar, nā mānoanoa o nā lāʻau ʻoʻoi a me nā ʻohe. Ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ʻike ʻia ka wapiti ma nā wahi mauna, a hāʻawi pū i ka makemake i nā wahi kahi e kuapo ai nā wahi nahele me nā wahi ākea o ka ʻāina.
ʻAiʻai ʻulaʻula
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Deer a me ka genus ʻAi hānai hānai maoli nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu. ʻO ka papa kuʻuna o ia mau holoholona he waiwai i nā lau a me nā ʻōpuʻu o nā mea kanu like ʻole, nā lālā o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau maikaʻi. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau kau, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka papaʻai o ka dia ʻulaʻula me nā limu a me nā lau, a me nā ʻano hua berry.
Ma ke kahakai pinepine ka nui o nā limu i hoʻolei ʻia e nā nalu, i ʻai ʻia me ka hauʻoli nui e nā marals. ʻAi ka dia i nā lālā o nā kumu lāʻau deciduous āpau, e like me ka ʻoka a me ka beech, ka willow a me ka lehu, a me ka ʻāhiu a me ka pea.
He mea nui loa i ka papaʻai mau o kēlā me kēia ʻelele o ka ʻohana Deer a me ka genus ʻO nā dia maoli ke pāʻani i nā ʻano cereala. ʻO kēia ʻano meaʻai ka mea nui i nā holoholona i ke kau puna. Inā no kekahi kumu ʻaʻole lawa ka waihona meaʻai maʻamau, a laila hiki ke hoʻololi i nā dia i ka hānai ʻana i nā nila kui. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēlā huahana resinous ke hana i nā haunaele i ka hana ʻana o ka ʻōpū a me nā disruptions i ka hana o ka ʻōpū o ke ʻōpū, ʻo ia ke kumu e pili nui ai nā ʻōpio a me nā mea nāwaliwali.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe, kūlohelohe hoʻi o nā mea āpau āpau o nā dia ʻulaʻula he wōlele ʻino i kēia manawa. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻelemakule, hoʻomohala maikaʻi a holoʻokoʻa ke dia pono ʻole e alualu ʻole ʻia e hoʻokahi predator, no laila e ʻūlū wale nā pūʻulu ʻīlio hae i nā kānaka nui. Pale ʻo Deer iā lākou iho mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana me nā hooves ikaika e lawa pono ai. Hoʻohana pū nā kāne i nā pepeiaohao ikaika a nui hoʻi e like me ko lākou pale nui.
Huli ʻia hoʻi nā mamamala mai ke kauoha Artiodactyl e nā tigika a me nā leopadi, nā lynxes, nā wolverine a me nā bea nui.... Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻo ka mea maʻa maʻalahi no ka mea ʻino he ʻōpio ia a ʻaʻole ikaika ikaika i nā fawns a i nā maʻi a nāwaliwali nā mākua. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui no nā dia ʻulaʻula, ʻo ia ke kāne.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana no ka dia, kahi e noho ai i nā panalāʻau he nui, ua kapu loa ʻia ma kekahi mau wahi, a pale ʻia nā holoholona ponoʻī ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana o ka holoholona.
ʻO nā mea i kapa ʻia nā anela a i ʻole nā oserified antlers antlers waiwai nui ma muli o kā lākou lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua ʻike ʻia ka hānau ʻana o ka Reindeer antler i mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana ma ke ʻano nui ma Altai. Mālama ʻia nā dia no kēia kumu i loko o nā peni i hana kūikawā ʻia, a ʻokiʻoki wale ʻia nā antlers mai kahi holoholona ola.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea loaʻa wai ʻona i loaʻa mai nā antlers i ʻoki ʻia mai kahi holoholona i ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he tonic ākea a me kahi lāʻau adaptogenic. I ka Soviet Union, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā mea unuhi mai nā anela dia ʻulaʻula a kūʻai ʻia ma lalo o ka inoa inoa Pantokrin. I kēia manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia lāʻau lapaʻau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o nā hana therapeutic complex no ka astenic syndrome a i ʻole overwork, hypotension arterial a me neurasthenia.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ua mākaukau nā kāne ʻulaʻula no ka hana hou wale ʻana i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o ka makahiki, a loaʻa i nā wahine ka oʻo moekolohe ma mua iki - ma kahi o ʻumikūmāhā a me ʻumikūmāono mahina. ʻO ka wā hānau o ka dia ʻōpio wahine ʻōpio muli o 193-263 mau lā, ʻoiai i ka poʻe ʻelemakule, ʻo ke keiki, ma ke ʻano he rula, aia ma hope o 228-243 mau lā.
Hānau ʻia ʻo Fawns o kēia ʻano mai ka waena o Mei a Iulai. I loko o kēia wā, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahine ʻāhine ʻulaʻula āpau mai ka pūʻā ʻāpana hui a piʻi hohonu i loko o nā mānoanoa, aia ma ke kahakai o nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. Lawe ʻia ke kaʻina o ka hānai ʻana i dia wahine i loko o nā nooks i hūnā ʻole ʻia e ka holoholona. Hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi fawn pinepine wale, akā i kekahi mau manawa ua hānau ʻia nā māhoe. ʻO ke kaumaha awelika o kahi fawn hānau hou ma kahi o ʻumi kilokilo.
ʻO ka fawn liʻiliʻi he ʻano ʻeleʻele i ʻike ʻia, kahi e pale ai no ka holoholona a kōkua iā ia e camouflage maʻalahi iā ia iho i ke kaiapuni. I loko o nā pule mua o ke ola, ʻo ia ke kala i ʻike ʻia ka pale nui o ka fawn a hoʻopakele iā ia mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai o nā mea he nui.
Hoihoi ia! Ma waena o nā kāne, i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia nā poʻe kī ʻole waha ʻole e komo i nā hakakā kuʻuna ma waena o nā holoholona, akā e hoʻāʻo e komo mālie i nā haremene o haʻi.
Hoʻomaka nā keiki bipi e hānai iā lākou iho mai ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina. Eia nō naʻe, i ka like me ka ʻai ʻana i ka mauʻu, hānai nā pēpē i ka waiū o ka wahine.
ʻO ka wā hānai i kekahi manawa a i hoʻokahi makahiki o ka makahiki. Piʻi a mānoanoa ka fawn a ʻeono paha mahina, a ma hope e lohi ka hana ulu ʻana, a ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ʻeono mau makahiki, pau ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka dia i loko o ka papa inoa o nā lāhui weliweli weliweli e like me ka mana i hāʻawi ʻia e ka International Union for Conservation of Nature. ʻO ka dia ʻulaʻula ka mea weliweli nui i nā panalāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema, kahi e hoʻokūkū ai nā dia de South Andeer, a ʻo ka guanaco paha, i ka meaʻai.
Ma ka panalāʻau o Argentina, hoʻolaha koke nā ʻelele o nā ʻano ʻāʻula i nā paka lehulehu... I kekahi mau wahi, hōʻalo ka dia ʻulaʻula i ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o nā mea ulu kūloko. ʻO ka ʻai ikaika o nā mea kanu like ʻole ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole ma nā hōʻailona nui o ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā kaiāulu mea kanu kūlohelohe.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻole i hana ʻia nā hana kūikawā e hoʻopau ai i ka heluna o ka poʻe ʻulaʻula ma ʻAmelika Hema, akā ʻo nā ʻelele o nā lāhui i waena o nā mea o ka ʻimi holoholona Tropezine. ʻEhā mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā dia ʻulaʻula i nā papa inoa o nā holoholona mahiʻai, a mahalo i nā hana kūikawā a nā mahiʻai he nui, ua hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o ka helu a me ka wahi nui o ka dia.
