ʻO ka eider maʻamau (Somateria mollissima) kahi kai kai nui o ka ʻohana duck. ʻO kēia ʻano mai ke kauoha Anseriformes, i puʻunaue ʻia ma kahakai ʻākau o ʻEulopa, a ʻo Siberia Hikina a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻAmelika, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻāpua luʻu ʻākau a arctic paha.
Hōʻike o ka eider
He ʻano puʻupuʻu nui a pākī hoʻi, he ʻāʻī pōkole kona, a me kahi poʻo nui a me ke ʻano wedge, nuku e like me ka gose. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 50-71 cm me ka ʻēheu o 80-108 cm... Hiki ke loli ke kino o ka manu makua ma waena o 1.8-2.9 kg.
Helehelena
ʻO ke kala ke kuleana no ka puana ʻana, ʻike nui ʻia i ka dimorphism moekolohe ʻo ia ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāiki luʻu arctic:
- keʻokeʻo ka hapa luna o ke kino o ke kāne, koe wale nō ka pāpale ʻeleʻele vevety, aia ma ke kalaunu, a me ka māhele ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka aoao kiʻekiʻe o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele. ʻIke ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pale lahilahi, a pinkish-creamy i loko o ka umauma. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kāne he ʻeleʻele, me nā kiko keʻokeʻo maikaʻi i ʻike ʻia a nui ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka undertail. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka nuku e pili ana i nā ʻano o nā ʻāpana pākahi, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka me ke kala melemele-ʻalani a i ʻole grey-green. Eia kekahi, ua ʻano ʻokoʻa ke kinona o ke lauana ma ka nuku.
- ʻo ka plumage o kahi wahine lū lū wahine e hoʻohālikelike ʻia e kahi kāʻei brownish-brownish a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele he nui, aia ma ke kino o luna. ʻIke ʻia nā kaha ʻeleʻele i ka hope. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻoliva ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha ka nuku, ʻoi aku ka pouli ma mua o nā kāne. Hiki ke huikau ka pēpē ʻākau i ka wahine i kekahi manawa me ka wahine o nā eider comb e pili ana (Sotateria srestabilis), a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ka poʻo nui a me ka nuku hope.
ʻO nā ʻōpio o ka eider maʻamau, he ʻano like me nā wahine o kēia laha, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa e hōʻike ʻia ana e nā pouli, nā monotonous plumage me nā kahakaha liʻiliʻi a me kahi ʻaoʻao ventral hina.
Ka nohona a me ke ʻano
I loko nō o ka noho ʻana i ke aniau o ke aniau paʻakikī, haʻalele nā mea lawaiʻa i nā wahi pūnana me ka paʻakikī nui, a ʻaʻole pono ka wahi hoʻoilo ma nā latitu hema wale nō. Ma ka panalāʻau o ʻEulopa, nui nā lehulehu i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi a maʻa i ka nohona noho, akā ʻo kahi mahele nui o nā manu kai i hiki i ka neʻe hapa ʻana.
ʻO kahi lunamakaʻāinana nui o ka ʻohana Duck e lele haʻahaʻa loa ma luna o ka wai, a ʻauʻau paha... ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o ka eider maʻamau ka hiki ke luu a hohonu o ʻelima mau mika a ʻoi paha. Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ʻo ka hohonu keu i hiki ai i kēia manu ke iho i lalo he iwakālua mau mika. Hiki i kahi eider ke noho maʻalahi ma lalo o ka wai ma kahi o ʻekolu mau minuke.
Nui nā manu mai nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ko mākou ʻāina, a mai nā panalāʻau o Suedena, Pinilana a me Norewai, me nā poʻe kūloko, hiki i ka hoʻoilo i nā kūlana anilā o ke kapakai komohana o ka Murmansk, no ka nele o ka hau a me ka mālama ʻana i ka nui o ka meaʻai. Neʻe aku kekahi mau pūʻā manu o ka peʻa luku arctic i ke komohana a me ka ʻākau o Norewai a i ka Baltic a me ke kai Wadden.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi eider
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ke ola maʻamau o ka eider maʻamau i nā kūlana kūlohelohe hiki ke piʻi i ʻumikūmālima, a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o nā makahiki, he nui ka nui o nā kānaka o kēia manu kai i kahiki i nā makahiki he ʻumi.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe no ka pehu lū arctic ka wai kai kai. Hāʻawi ka eider maʻamau i ka makemake i nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi, pōhaku, kahi ʻaʻohe mea ʻaihue ʻāina weliweli loa no kēia laha.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā wahi nui i noho ʻia e ka heluna pākī ʻākau nā ʻāpana arctic a me subarctic, a me ke kahakai ʻākau kokoke i Kanada, ʻEulopa a me Siberia Hikina.
Ma ka hikina o ʻAmelika Hema, hiki i ka manu kai o ka manu kai ke pūnana i ka hema a hiki i Nova Scotia, a ma ke komohana o kēia ʻāina, kaupalena ʻia ka wahi e hoʻomoana ai ka ʻaina, Dease Strait a me Melville Peninsula, Victoria a me Banks Islands, St. Matthew a me St. Lawrence. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, hoʻolaha nui nā mea koho inoa mollissima.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻākau nui kokoke i nā wahi littoral o ke kai me ka nui o nā mollusks a me nā ola kai benthic ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole lele ka manu i uka a i uka, a hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pūnana kokoke i ka wai, ma kahi mamao loa o ka hapalua kilomika. ʻAʻole loaʻa ka eider maʻamau ma nā kahakai one mālie.
Eider hanai ana a hopu
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o ka eider maʻamau ka mea nui i hōʻike ʻia e nā mollusks, e like me ka mussels a me ka litorin, i loaʻa mai ka papa kai. Hiki i ka ʻāpala ʻākau ke hoʻohana no nā meaʻai o nā ʻano crustacean āpau, i hōʻike ʻia e nā amphipods, balanus a me nā isopods, a hānai pū ʻia hoʻi me nā echinod germ a me nā kahakai kahakai ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka manawa, ʻai ka ʻāpō luʻu Arctic i ka iʻa, a i ke kahua o ka hana hou ʻana, hānai nā mea ʻai wahine i nā meaʻai mea kanu, e like me ka limu, nā hua, nā hua a me nā lau o nā lau mauʻu kai āpau.
ʻO ke ala nui e loaʻa ai ka ʻai ka luʻu. E ale ʻia ka meaʻai a pau a laila ʻeli ʻia i loko o ka gizzard. Hānai nā eider maʻamau i ke ao, e ʻākoakoa nei i nā hui o nā helu like ʻole. Luʻu mua nā alakaʻi, a ma hope iho luʻu iho ke koena manu i lalo e ʻimi i ka meaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kau hoʻoilo paʻakikī loa, hooikaika ka mea eider maʻamau e mālama i ka ikehu ma nā ʻano kūpono loa, no laila ke hoʻāʻo nei ka manu kai e hopu i nā pio nui wale nō, a i ʻole hōʻole loa i ka meaʻai i ka wā o ka hau.
Pono ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha, ʻo ka manawa maʻamau he hapalua hola... Ma waena o nā luʻu, hoʻomaha ka moana kai ma kahakai, kahi e paipai ai i ka hana digestion o nā meaʻai i komo i loko.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka eider maʻamau kahi holoholona monogamous e pūnana pinepine i nā kolone, akā i kekahi manawa i nā pālua hoʻokahi. Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi helu nui o nā kāne male i ka wā hoʻoilo, a i ka puna, pīhoihoi nui nā kāne a hele wāwae i ka wahine. ʻO ka pūnana he lua me ke anawaena o ma kahi o ka hapahā o ka mika a me ka hohonu o 10-12 cm, i haki i ka honua, waiho ʻia me ka mauʻu a me ka nui o nā fluff i huki ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. Aia ka paʻa i ka lima, ma ke ʻano he rula, he ʻelima mau hua nui o kahi ʻoliva keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina.
Hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana hatch mai ka manawa i waiho ai ka hua hope... Hoʻopili wale ka wahine i ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, a ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā moa ma hope o ʻehā mau pule. No nā lā mua, aia ke kāne ma kahi o ka pūnana, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa ua lilo loa ʻo ia i ka makemake e hoʻomoe hua manu a hoʻi i kai o ke kai, ʻaʻole e hōʻike iki i kāna keiki. I ka hopena o ka incubation, lilo ka pae ʻana o ka wahine i mea paʻa loa a me ka hiki ʻole ke holo.
Hoihoi ia! I nā wai kai kai mai nā wahine like ʻole e kāwili pinepine ʻole wale kekahi me kekahi, akā me nā manu makua hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka hopena i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā ʻohana nui o nā makahiki like ʻole.
I kēia wā, hōʻole ka eider maʻamau i ka ʻai. ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o nā moa, ma ke ʻano he kaulike, he like like ia, ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeono mau hola. No nā lā ʻelua, hoʻāʻo nā pēpē hānau e noho kokoke i ka pūnana, kahi e hoʻāʻo ai lākou e hopu i nā makika a me kekahi mau mea kolo nui ʻole. Lawe ʻia aku nā pīpī makua e ka wahine kokoke i ke kai, kahi e hānai ai nā ʻōpio ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā pōhaku kahakai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka fox Arctic a me ka pueo hau i waena o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui loa no ka pākua luʻu Arctic makua, ʻoiai ʻo ka makaʻu maoli i nā ʻāpō e nā gulls a me nā manu ʻeleʻele. Ma ka laulaha, ʻo ka nui kai kai e ʻeha ka hapanui o nā mea āpau mai nā endoparasite like ʻole, i hiki ke luku koke i ke kino o ka eider maʻamau mai loko.
Waiwai kālepa
No ka poʻe, hoihoi nui ka eider maʻamau a i ʻole ka ʻūlū ʻākau, i hoʻokumu nui ʻia e ka mea kū hoʻokahi a haʻahaʻa i lalo. I kulike ai me kona ʻano mehana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ia mau mea i ka fluff o kekahi ʻano manu ʻē aʻe.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki ke ʻohiʻohi pololei ʻia nā mea ʻokoʻa i kāna mau ʻano ma ke ʻano o ka iho i nā pūnana, kahi mea e hiki ʻole ai ke hōʻeha i kahi manu ola.
He hoihoi loa ʻo Eiderdown no nā lawaiʻa, a aia ma ka umauma o kahi manu kai nui. Huki ʻia ka iho e kahi poma luʻu ʻo Arctic no ka hoʻonani kūpono loa o ka hoʻomoe hua manu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā helu helu, ʻo ka heluna kanaka o ka eider maʻamau e pūnana ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻEulopa he hoʻokahi miliona mau pālua. Ma kahi o ʻelua kaukani mau pālua e noho nei ma ka panalāʻau o ka Reserve Sea Black Biosfir.
I nā wahi a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka helu o nā manu kai nui e like me ka Duck diving duck.... I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi loa ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻomaʻomaʻu ʻākau, kahi mea e ʻike ʻia ai ka hōʻino nui ʻana o ke kaiaola o ke kai a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
