Ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka maʻalahi a me ka phlegmatic ʻano, e hana kēia rodent maluhia i kahi holoholona maikaʻi. Hoʻopilikia ʻelua mau hanana: nui loa ka capybara no ka noho ʻana i kahi keʻena a ʻaʻole hiki ke noho me ka ʻole o kahi waihona (loko a i ʻole wai wai).
Ka wehewehe ʻana o Capybara
ʻO ka puaʻa wai ka inoa ʻepekema kūhelu no ka capybara.... Kāhea ka poʻe Aborigine o ʻAmelika Hema a me Central America i ka caprinta ʻokoʻa - caprincho, poncho, corpincho, capigua a chiguire. Manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa i ka rodent ka inoa pololei loa mai nā ʻohana Brazil Tupi, nāna i kapa iā ia "ka mea ʻai o ka mauʻu lahilahi" (capybara).
Helehelena
Hoʻohālikelike ka mea kākau Pelekane ʻo Gerald Durrell i ke koʻokoʻo (me kahi ʻōlelo hoʻomalu mālie ma kāna waha) i kahi liona e hele ana, me ka poina ʻole e hoʻohui i ka capybara, ʻokoʻa ka mōʻī o nā holoholona, kahi mea ʻai pono ʻole.
E noʻonoʻo e noʻonoʻo pehea e hiki ai i kēia mea ʻai o nā mea kanu wai ke loaʻa i kahi moʻolelo (e kūʻē i ke kumu o nā koʻokoʻo ʻē aʻe) ke kaupaona: kaupaona nā kāne 54-63 kg, kaupaona nā wahine mai 62 a 74 kg. Akā ʻaʻole kēia ka palena - ʻike ʻia ua ʻai hoʻokahi wahine wahine a 81, ka lua - a 91 kg.
Hoʻohālikelike ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo me kahi ʻīlio nui a hiki i 50-62 knm. He poʻo ākea ko ka capybara me kahi muzzles ʻehā ʻehā, kūpono i nā pepeiao maikaʻi, nā puka ihu liʻiliʻi ākea a me nā maka liʻiliʻi.
He 20 mau niho o ka holoholona, ʻo ka "weliweli" loa he mau ʻalani ʻalani ʻālohilohi e like me nā peni pahiʻoi. Ke ulu nei nā niho papalina Rootless i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. Mahalo ke alelo, mahalo i nā tubercle he lehulehu.
Hoihoi ia! Lulu a paʻakikī ke kapa komo o ka capybara, ulu a 3-12 knm, akā ʻaʻohe ona undercoat. Mahalo i ke kūlana hope, wela koke ka ʻili o ke koʻokoʻo ma lalo o ka lā, ʻo ia ke kumu e moe pinepine ai ka capybara i ka lepo.
ʻO ka capybara ke nānā aku me he barela i hoʻonui ʻia me ka hulu hipa, i kākoʻo ʻia e kahi puʻupuʻu nui me ka ʻole o kahi huelo. Ma nā wāwae mua ʻehā mana a lōʻihi lōʻihi hoʻi, e hoʻopili ʻia e nā membrane ʻauʻau, ma nā wāwae hope - ʻekolu.
Hūnā ʻia nā genital o waho i nā kāne a me nā wahine ma lalo o ka ʻeke anal. ʻO ke kino o ke kino mai ka umauma ʻulaʻula a i ka brown brown, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū i ke kala, ʻeleʻele melemele maʻamau. Loaʻa i kekahi mau holoholona nā kiko ʻeleʻele i ko lākou mau maka. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke kala o nā capybaras ʻōpio ma mua o ko lākou mau hoahānau.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
He ʻōiwi ʻo Capybara i ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema, e like me Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia (hikina), Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina (ʻākau hikina), Panama a me Guyana.
Makemake ʻo Capybara i nā kahakai o nā kahawai, nā kahawai, nā loko a me nā waihona wai ʻino i ulu ʻia me ka pistia a me ka wai hyacinth. Noho pū kekahi ma nā ululāʻau ʻo Chaco, nā wahi hānai (me nā puaʻa manamana / mauʻu Guinean) a me ka ʻāina mahiʻai, nā ululāʻau semi-deciduous a me nā savannas i hoʻopiha ʻia.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke koʻokoʻo ma nā puʻu (a i 1300 m), a ma nā lepo hoʻi a me nā wai i hoʻopulu ʻia i ka wai, e komo pū ana me nā kūmaha bakau... ʻO ke kūlana nui ke kū ʻana o kahi waihona wai hāmama kokoke (ʻaʻole i hala ma mua o ka hapalua kilomita).
Auila
Hoʻokomo ʻia ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ka capybara i ka wai - ma aneʻi e pau ka make wai a me ka pōloli, hana hou, hoʻomaha a hoʻoponopono i ka mahana o ke kino, me ka hoʻopoina ʻole e ʻōwili i loko o ka lepo.
Hoʻokumu nā rodents i nā hui ʻohana (10-20 mau holoholona), e like me ka harem: kahi kāne kāne nui, nā wahine makua kāne moekolohe me nā keiki a me nā kāne. ʻO ka hope, ke manaʻo nei i ka hoʻokūkū, kipaku pinepine i nā mea hoʻokūkū, no laila ke ola nei ʻo 5-10% o nā kāne ma ke ʻano he hermits.
Ua hui pū ʻo Capybaras (nā kāne a me nā wahine) i nā gland preanal kokoke i ka anus, kahi e hūnā ai i kahi ʻala pākahi no kēlā me kēia. A ʻo ka mea huna i hānai ʻia e ka gland olfactory o ke kāne e hōʻike ana i kona kūlana i loko o ka pūʻā.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana o 1-10 hectares (a i kekahi manawa 200 hectares) i noho ʻia e kahi hui i māka ʻia me nā huna ihu a me nā anal, eia nō naʻe, kū ka hakakā kūloko. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka paio no ke alakaʻi ʻana i loko o kahi pūʻā bipi ʻaʻole i pau i ka make, akā hiki ke pau ka hopena weliweli inā e hakakā ana nā kāne mai nā hui like ʻole.
I ka wā ua, heleleʻi nā capybaras ma kahi ākea nui, akā ʻo ka maloʻo ka ikaika e hoʻākoakoa i nā kahawai ma nā kahawai a me nā loko wai. I kēia manawa, hōʻiliʻili he haneli mau capybaras a puni ka waihona wai, i kekahi manawa e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o 1,000 km i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka wai hoʻōla ola.
I ke kakahiaka, piʻo nā holoholona i ka lihi wai. Hoʻokomo ka lā wela iā lākou i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu a i ʻole i ka lepo. ʻAʻole ʻeli nā puaʻa wai i loko, akā e moe pololei i ka honua... I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pehea capybaras e lawe i kahi ʻīlio ʻīlio, e noho ana ma nā pūhaka.
ʻOkoʻa lākou i nā rodents ʻē aʻe i ka nele o ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i kā lākou meaʻai me kā lākou mau ʻūlū mua. ʻIke ʻia ka piko o ka hana ma hope o 4 pm a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ahiahi, ma hope o 20:00. Hiamoe iki ʻo Capybaras, e ala ana i ke aumoe e hōʻoluʻolu iā lākou iho.
Hoʻomaopopo mākou i ʻelua mau ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka honua - shuffling gait and galloping. Inā pilikia, haʻalele lākou i ka ʻenemi me nā lele ʻeleu. He ʻauʻau kai maikaʻi loa ʻo Capybaras, kōkua ʻia e nā membrane interdigital a me nā momona momona o ke kino e hoʻonui ai i ka buoyancy.
Hiki i nā Capybaras ke hoʻopaʻa, walaʻau, hae, ʻāwī, ʻūlū, ʻūlū, kaomi a wili i ko lākou mau niho.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka ʻuwā ʻana, e like me ka hae ʻana, hoʻohana lākou e makaʻala i ka pūʻā o kahi hoʻoweliweli, a me ke kani ʻana inā ʻeha a hopohopo paha lākou. Ke kamaʻilio nei me nā congeners, hoʻopuka lākou i ke kani ʻana o ke kani, a hele pū nā niho wili me nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne.
ʻO nā Capybaras e mālama ʻia i ka noho pio ʻana ua aʻo lākou e noi i nā meaʻai me nā leo e like me nā whimpers.
Wā ola
ʻO nā puaʻa wai e komo i nā zoo a i ʻole nā ʻona pilikino e hōʻike i kahi ola kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā holoholona e noho nei i ka nāhelehele. Noho nā kauā ma 10-12 mau makahiki, a me nā capybaras manuahi - mai 6 a 10 mau makahiki.
Meaʻai, ʻai capybara
ʻO nā Capybaras he mau māmela hānai āpau e hoʻopili pū i kā lākou papaʻai i nā mea kanu (ʻo ka hapanui me ka nui o ka protein protein). ʻO ka meaʻai maoli no capybaras ʻo:
- nā mea kanu semi-aquatic (Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Reimarochloa acuta, Panicum laxum a me Rice Leersia);
- makahiki mea ulu Paratheria prostrata;
- kūpale kūpale kūpale o axonopus a me Sporobolus dictus;
- sedge (i ka hopena o ke kau ua);
- ʻili a me nā hua o nā kumulāʻau;
- puaʻa, oxalis a me crabgrass;
- mauʻu a me nā paipu.
Hele pinepine nā puaʻa wai i nā māla me ke kō, nā cereala a me nā melon, ʻo ia ke kumu i helu ʻeleʻele ʻia ai nā koʻokoʻo e like me nā mea mahiʻai mahiʻai.
Lilo i mea hoʻokūkū meaʻai no nā holoholona hānai hānai i ka wā maloʻo... ʻO nā Caprophages he coprophages maʻamau e ʻai i kā lākou feces, kahi e kōkua ai i nā holoholona e ʻeli i ka cellulose i ka hānai.
Kāpena capybara
Hoʻokomo ʻo Capybaras i nā leʻaleʻa aloha i loko o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai lākou e hui pinepine i ka hoʻomaka o ke kau ua, i ʻApelila / Mei ma Venezuela a ʻOkakopa / Nowemapa ma Brazil.
Ke ʻimi nei no ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ka hapa hapalua o ka male lures hoa, e kaha ana i nā mea kanu a puni me kā lākou mea huna. ʻO ka pōʻai estrous o ka wahine he 7-9 mau lā, ʻoiai ke kau like ʻana o 8 mau hola wale nō.
Alualu ke kāne i ka wahine, pala no ka hoʻopili, mua ma ka ʻāina, a laila i ka wai papau. Ke kū nei ka wahine, hui pū ka hoa ma hope, e hana ana i nā ikaika ikaika he 6-10. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hiki i ka wahine ke kū aʻe i 20 mau moe kolohe me nā kahamaha liʻiliʻi (me hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā hoa ʻē aʻe).
Hāpai ka bearing i 150 mau lā... ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hānau hānau ma Kepakemapa-Nowemapa. ʻO ka wahine, ma ke ʻano he rula, hānau hānau hoʻokahi i ka makahiki, akā hiki nō hoʻi ka hānau hou ʻana, inā ʻaʻole e ʻenemi nā ʻenemi a nui nā meaʻai a puni.
ʻAe ʻia ka capybara mai ka ukana ma nā kūlana Spartan, kūpono ma ka honua, hānau ʻia he 2 a 8 mau niho, ua uhi ʻia me ka hulu hipa a me nā keiki ʻike maka, a ʻo kēlā me kēia mea e huki iā 1.5 kg. Mālama nā wahine a pau o nā bipi i nā keiki, a hānai ka makuahine i nā pēpē me ka waiū a 3-4 mau mahina, ʻoiai ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana ua nau lākou i ka mauʻu iā lākou iho.
Loaʻa ka hānau ma capybaras ma 15-18 mau mahina, ke ʻai lākou a 30-40 kg.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO Capybaras, ʻoiai ke ʻano nui o kā lākou, ʻaʻole i nui ka poʻe makemake ʻole. Ma ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka capybara:
- nā ʻoka;
- jaguars;
- poʻe caimans;
- ʻolela;
- ʻōpala;
- ʻīlio hihiu;
- anacondas.
Hāpai nā ʻīlio Feral i kahi hoʻoweliweli nui i nā meheu ulu, kahi i ʻimi pū ʻia e nā manu manu lele mai ka ʻohana manu manu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka catarta ʻeleʻele ʻAmelika. Ua aʻo ʻo Capybaras e pale i nā ʻenemi honua i loko o ka wai, a waiho wale i ko lākou mau ihu ma ka ʻili e hanu.
He lima pū kā ke kāne e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā puaʻa wai, e luku ana iā lākou no ka ʻiʻo (e like me ka puaʻa), incisors ākea (hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hoʻonaninani) a me nā ʻili (no ka haberdashery)
Hoihoi ia! Ma kahi o 300 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ka hale pule Katolika i ka capybara ... ma ke ʻano he iʻa i hiki i nā pāʻina ke ʻai i kāna ʻiʻo me ka ʻole o ka palena i ka wā o ka Lent. Ma hope ua hoʻopau ʻia kēia hoʻoholo pupule.
I kēia mau lā, hānai ʻia nā capybaras ma nā mahiʻai ʻAmelika Latin e huki i kā lākou ʻiʻo, ka ʻili a me ka momona subcutaneile (no ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau). ʻO nā rodents wild e holoholo nei i nā kula e hāʻule pinepine ma lalo o ka lima wela o ka poʻe mahiʻai i ʻoluʻolu ʻole me ka momona o nā mea komo hewa.
Ke mālama nei i ka capybara ma ka home
Mahalo nui ʻia kēia puʻupuʻu kūlohelohe - hāʻawi nā kahu hānai kūikawā i nā capybaras ma ke kumukūʻai o 120 tausani rubles a ʻoi aku.... ʻOiai ʻo ke ʻano kāne a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ka poʻe waiwai nui wale nō i kā lākou home ponoʻī e hiki ke mālama i kahi capybara.
Pono ʻoe e kūkulu i kahi pā ākea ākea me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ululāʻau a me kahi waihona (loko a i ʻole loko wai), a i ka hoʻoilo - he hale insulated. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hānai ʻana i kahi kāne (me ka ʻole o ka wahine), ʻoiai, i ka wā ʻōpio, e hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hoʻonāukiuki i kāna haku. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o ka papa kuhikuhi capybara ma muli o ke komo ʻana i loko.
- nā hua / mea kanu;
- nā mea kanu a me ka mauʻu;
- ʻai ʻīlio maloʻo a me ka meaʻai kēpau;
- nā granula no ka ʻaihue.
Mea nui!I mea e wili ai i nā incisors, pono ia e kau mau i nā lālā willow a birch paha.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, maikaʻi loa ka capybara no ka hana a ka holoholona: hele wāwae ʻia ia ma kahi kaula a aʻo pū i nā hana maʻalahi. Nonoi pinepine kahi capybara tamed no ke aloha a aloha i ka wili ʻana o kona ʻōpū, a hiamoe pinepine i ka manawa like.
