No ka honu wai hānai ʻEulopa (Emys orbiсularis) nā honu wai hou mai ke ʻano o nā kuhukukū ʻo Marsh. ʻO kahi mea kolo o kēia ʻano i huli hou ʻia e like me kahi holoholona maoli a ʻaʻole nui loa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me ka wehewehe
ʻO ka honu loko iʻa ʻEulopa he wahi kaʻa oval, haʻahaʻa a liʻiliʻi hoʻi me kahi ʻoluʻolu a me kahi pilina hoʻoneʻe me ka iwi haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke ʻano ʻōpio o kēia ʻano e kahi carapace poepoe me kahi keel waena waena nāwaliwali ma ka ʻaoʻao i puni ʻia.
Ma nā lālā he mau māiʻuʻuʻu lōʻihi a ʻoi loa hoʻi, a ma waena o nā manamana lima he mau membrane liʻiliʻi. Lōʻihi loa ka huelo. He huelo ko ka honu makua a hiki i ka hapahā o ka mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ia ka ʻāpana huelo i kuleana nui i ka ʻauʻau ʻana, a lawelawe pū me nā lālā hope, kahi ʻano hoʻokele hou.... Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka lōʻihi awelika o ka makua ma waena o 12-38 cm me ke kaumaha o ke kino o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kilokika.
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka iwi o ka honu makua he ʻoliva ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele me nā kiko liʻiliʻi, nā ʻāpana a me nā kiko kala melemele. ʻEʻeleʻele ka plastron a melemele paha i ke kala me nā ʻeleʻele blurred. ʻO ka wahi o ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, nā wāwae a me ka hiʻu i loko o nā kala ʻeleʻele, me ka nui o nā kiko melemele. He ʻano melemele, ʻalani, a ʻulaʻula paha kā ka maka. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī ʻo ia nā kaʻe laumania o nā ā a me ka pau ʻole o kahi "nuku".
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia nā manu kuhukukū ʻEulopa ma ka hema, a ma nā ʻaoʻao waena a hikina hoʻi o ʻEulopa, loaʻa lākou ma Caucasus a ma nā ʻāina he nui ʻo ʻAsia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kahi heluna nui o kēia ʻano i ʻaneʻane i nā ʻāina āpau a hiki i kēia manawa no ka panalāʻau o ka Soviet Union.
Hoihoi ia!E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā noiʻi he nui, i ka wā prealacial ma ka ʻāina ʻEulopa ua pālahalaha nui ʻia kēia ʻano, a i kekahi mau ʻāpana, ʻoiai i kēia lā, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā heluna kanaka i koe.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
Makemake nā honu Marsh e noho i loko o nā wahi ululāʻau, steppe a me nā ululāʻau, akā loaʻa pinepine ʻia lākou i nā waihona kūlohelohe hou, i hōʻike ʻia e nā wai wai, nā loko, nā loko, nā kahawai e kahe mālie a me nā kahawai wai nui.
ʻO nā waihona kūlohelohe me nā panakawai mālie a me nā wahi pāpaʻu i hoʻomehana ʻia me kahi lawa o nā mea kanu ke kūpono no ke ola. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau kānaka ma nā pae mauna.
Hoihoi ia!Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka honu kai kai ma kahi kai wai i kahi mahana o 18 ° C hiki ke ola me ka ʻole o ka ea no ʻaneʻane ʻelua mau lā.
I ka wā o ka hoʻoulu nui ʻana, hiki i nā honu makua makua ke haʻalele i ka waihona wai a neʻe aku iā ia mai kahi mamao o 300-500 ka m... ʻIke ka mea kolo i ka ʻauʻau a luʻu pono ʻana, a hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i kahi manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o ka wai, e puka ana i kēlā me kēia hapahā o ka hola i ka papa. No nā honu Marsh ka mahele o nā holoholona semi-aquatic e ʻeleu ana i ke ao a kū i ka lā no kekahi manawa lōʻihi. Hiki i ka honu ke hānai a puni ka lā, a i ka pō e hiamoe ia ma lalo o kahi wai kūlohelohe.
Wā ola
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, pālahalaha nā ʻano manu o nā kuhukukū marsh, i ʻokoʻa i nā ʻano lawena, ka papaʻai a me ka lōʻihi o ke ola. ʻO ka honu kai ʻEulopa ka mea maʻa mau, akā ʻo ke "kumuwaiwai" o ua mea kolo lā hiki ke loli me ka hilinaʻi nui i ka nohona a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāina.
ʻO nā kānaka āpau e noho ana ma waena o ʻEulopa e hiki ke ola i kanalima mau makahiki, a me nā kuhukukū e noho ana ma Ukraine, a ʻo Belarus a me ko mākou ʻāina, kākaʻikahi loa ka "hehi" i ka laina o nā makahiki he kanahā. I ka lawe pio ʻana, ʻo ka honu kai kai, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapahā o ke kenekulia.
Ke mālama nei i kahi honu kai i ka home
Ma ka home, koi nā kuhukukū marsh i ka mālama kūpono i nā pae āpau o ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala. He mea nui loa ke koho ʻana i ka aquarium kūpono, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka mea kolo me ka mālama kūpono a me ka papaʻai piha, maximally kaulike. No ke kumu o ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i ka wahi o lalo o ka wai, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka lāʻau driftwood a me nā mea kanu hana, i hiki ai ke hoʻolako i nā hale hoʻomalu ma lalo o ka wai e pono ai ka holoholona no ka hoʻomaha maikaʻi a me ka hiamoe o ka pō.
Koho Aquarium a me nā ʻano
No kekahi mau honu ʻEulopa makua, ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻia e kūʻai i kahi aquarium, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea i ʻekolu haneri liters. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻekolu o ia ʻano ma lalo o ka ʻāina, kahi e hoʻomehana ai a hoʻomaha ai paha ka mea kolo o loko. E ʻoluʻolu ʻelua mau kuhukukū ma kahi aquarium 150x60x50 cm.
ʻO kahi kūpono loa no ka mālama ʻana i kahi kuhukukū lū e lilo ia i wahi waihona wai ʻie a paʻa i pā paʻa ʻia i ka wahi kūloko.... ʻO kēlā loko iʻa māla aia i loko o ka lā pono no ka hapa nui o ka lā, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka hoʻomehana wai kūlike. I ka waihona wai, noho pono nā wahi pāpaʻu, a me kahi paepae no ka holo ʻana o nā holoholona wai hou. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kapakai e nā kuhukukū e hoʻomoe i kā lākou mau hua, no laila he one.
I nā wahi hema o ko mākou ʻāina, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke ʻano o ke aniau, hiki ke kau ʻia nā honu i loko o ka loko wai māla e hoʻomaka ana i ka wā mua o ka puna, a waiho iā lākou ma laila a hiki i ka hopena o ke kau, kahi e ʻae ai ka kino o ka holoholona i ka wā hoʻoilo. Pono e honu ka honu ma kahi mahana o 4 ° C, no laila paipai nā poʻe loea i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi "hoʻoilo" no ka honu ma loko o ka pahu hau o ka home maʻamau.
Mālama a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe
ʻO kekahi o nā koi maʻamau no ka mālama ʻana i kahi honu kukū ʻEulopa ma ka home ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka wai aquarium. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka pēpē amphibian i ka maʻemaʻe, no laila ʻo nā huahana ʻōpala a me nā ʻōpala mai ka hānai koke ʻana i pilikia nui o ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai.
Pathogenic a me pathogenic putrefactive microflora ke hoʻonui nei me ka wikiwiki, no laila, i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka mālama kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi maka a i ʻole nā hoʻololi pathological i ka ʻili. He mea nui ia e hoʻouka i kahi kānana ikaika a me ka maikaʻi me ka nui o ka hiki a me ke kahe mālie.
Mea nui!I mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻōnaehana o ka wai aquarium a me ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, pono e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka nui o nā mea hoʻonaninani ma lalo a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka nui o ka lepo ma lalo o ka wai.
He aha e hānai ai i kahi honu kai
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, pili nā honu marsh i ka mahele o nā amphibians omnivorous, akā ʻo ke kumu o ka papaʻai he pinepine pinepine i nā invertebrates waena, i hōʻike ʻia e nā mollusks, nā ilo a me nā crustacean like ʻole.
ʻO ka mea pio pinepine o ka honu ma lalo o ka wai a i ʻole nā mea kolo terestrial, a me kā lākou larvae... ʻAi ʻia nā larvae o nā mea kolo e like me nā dragonflies, nā beetle luʻu, nā makika, nā kika wahie a me nā nalo i nā nui he nui. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o nā kuhukukū e ʻai i nā nahesa ʻōpio a i ʻole nā ʻāpana o nā moa wai, a me nā kupapaʻu pū kekahi.
Ma ka home, ʻoiai ka omnivorousness a me ka unpretentiousness, pono e hoʻokokoke loa i ka pilikia o ka hānai ʻana i ka honu. Pono e komo i ka papaʻai nui:
- iʻa wiwi, me haddock, cod, perch a me pollock;
- nā ʻūpani, ʻo ia hoʻi ka moa a me ka ʻiʻo bipi a me ka puʻuwai;
- nā crustacean a me nā arthropods, me nā daphnia crustacean, nā ilo a me nā nalo;
- nā ʻano nohona kai like ʻole;
- mammal liʻiliʻi a me nā amphibians.
ʻO kahi mea e pono ai no ka meaʻai maikaʻi e hoʻopili ana i ka papaʻai me nā meaʻai maloʻo a me nā mea kanu, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu wai, a me nā meaʻai kūikawā no ka honu wai.
Hoihoi ia!Hāʻawi ʻia nā mea ulu ʻōpio a me nā wahine hāpai i ka meaʻai i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, a ʻo ka papaʻai o nā mākua e pili ana i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai ʻekolu wale nō manawa i ka pule.
ʻO ke olakino, maʻi a me ka pale ʻana
ʻAʻole maʻi nā ʻano honu wai hou o nā honu i nā kūlana o ka mālama kūpono ʻana, a loaʻa ka palekana maikaʻi ʻole kūlohelohe.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka mea nona ia ʻano pipi ke kū i nā pilikia aʻe:
- huʻihuʻi hele pū me ka hanu kūpono ʻole a me ka hana, hoʻokuʻu ka mucous mai ka ihu a i ʻole ka waha, hōʻole e ʻai, apathy a me wheezing ke hanu nei;
- hoʻopōlahalaha kūpono ai ʻole hoʻopōlahalaha kūpono;
- maʻi pākī i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻai hune a palau paha;
- leki a me nā helminth poepoe e komo i ke kino o ka holoholona me nā meaʻai i hana ʻole ʻia;
- keakea i ka ʻōpū;
- paralysis o nā kumu like ʻole;
- dystocia a i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia paha ka oviposition;
- ectoparasites.
I ka hoʻonohonoho kūpono ʻole o ka aquarium, ʻaʻole e kāpae ʻia nā ʻeha a me nā ʻano ʻino like ʻole o ka ʻili o ka holoholona.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, nā ʻike ʻole a mea novice paha o kahi honu momona e hana i nā hewa nui he nui i ka mālama ʻana, a he kumu ia e hoʻoliʻiliʻi ai ka pūpū. Ma ke ʻano he kumu, ʻo kēia hopena ka hopena o ka nele nui o nā complexes vitamina a me ka calcium i ke kahua o ka oʻo a i ʻole ka ulu ʻana o ka honu.
Hānau mai i ka honu kai ʻEulopa
ʻO nā kāne, ʻaʻole like me nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a mānoanoa o ka huelo, a me kahi plastron concave iki. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu i loko o nā lua ma kahakai, ma kahi kokoke o ka waihona wai.
Kanu ʻia nā hua elliptical i hoʻomoe ʻia e ka wahine. ʻAneʻane ʻeleʻele nā honu hānau hou a me kahi hiʻohiʻona melemele i haʻi iki ʻia.... Hāpai ʻia ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio i loko o ka wā hoʻoilo ma ke kumu kūʻai o kahi ʻeke yolk nui ma luna o ka ʻōpū.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kuhukukū a pau e ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka mahana o ka moekolohe o nā keiki āpau, no laila, me ka mahana hoʻoulu o 30 ° C a ʻoi aku, hatch wahine wale nō mai nā hua manu, a ʻo nā kāne wale nō ma nā hōʻailona wela haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻokumu nā kumukūʻai wela waena i ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki o nā kāne ʻelua.
Moehue
ʻO ke kaʻina awelika o ka wā hana nui e pili pono i nā kumu he nui, ʻo ka mea nui o nā kūlana anilā. I ko mākou ʻāina, puka mai nā kuhukukū marsh mai ka hibernation ma kahi o ʻApelila a i ʻole nā makahiki he 10 o Mei, ma hope o ka hiki ʻana o ka ea i 6-14 ° C, a ʻo ka mahana o ka wai ʻo 5-10 ° C. Hoʻomaka ka wā hoʻoilo i nā makahiki he 10 i hala ʻo ʻOkakopa a i ʻole mua o Nowemapa. Hana ʻia ka hibernation i ka lepo lepo o ka waihona. I ka home, hoʻomau ka mea kolo i kāna hana i ka hoʻoilo.
Kūʻai honu kukū, kumu kūʻai
ʻO nā honu ʻEulopa, ma muli o ko lākou helehelena maoli, ka laha ākea a me ka unpretentiousness pili i ka mālama ʻana i ka home, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua lilo i mea hoʻonani o nā aquarium o nā mea aloha o ia mau holoholona ʻano ʻē. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hopu pio ʻia nā mea aloha amphibian e ka uku kumukūʻai o ia ʻano holoholona. ʻO ke kumukūʻai maʻamau o hoʻokahi ʻōpio, me ka nānā ʻole i ka wahine, ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kaukani rubles.
Nā loiloi nona
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka home, koi ʻia ka nānā kūikawā e kū ai i ke ʻano mahana o ka wai ma ka pae o 25-27 ° C, a me ka mahana o ka wahi hoʻomehana ma waena o 36-40 ° C. Me ka mālama mau ʻana i ka lumi, pono ka holoholona e hāʻawi i kahi mahana kūpono wale nō, akā e hoʻomālamalama pono ʻia hoʻi, kahi e mālama ai i nā hana metabolic i loko o ke kino o ka honu ma ka pae kūpono.
Ma ka laulaha, pili pono kēia ʻano o nā honu i ka ʻāpana o ka mālama undemanding a unpretentious i nā ʻano paʻa. He mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i nā manu kuhukukū i kēia manawa i nā mālama ʻia he nui o ʻEulopa, kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai lākou me nā mea i pale ʻia, no laila, ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e kiʻi i nā kānaka i hopu ʻia i ko lākou wahi maoli.
