ʻO ka stingray muliwai (Potamotrygon motoro) kahi ʻano stingray mai ke kauoha stingray.
ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka stalker muliwai
ʻO ka muliwai stingray kahi hopena o nā ʻōnaehana muliwai ʻAmelika Hema. He ʻōiwi ia iā Brazil ma Amazon, a ʻoiai ua hōʻoia ʻia kona alo i nā kahawai ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻaʻole i ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waho o ka Amazon Amazon. ʻIke ʻia kēia stingray ma Uruguay, Parana, ma nā kahawai ma waena o Paraguay a me Orinoco, e like me ka hapa waena a me lalo o Rio Parana ma ke komohana o Brazil (kahi ʻo ia ka nui o nā ʻano), ka hapa waena o Rio Uruguay, Rio Bermejo, Rio -Guapore, Rio Negro, Rio Branco, Rio de Janeiro a me Rio Paraguay.
Ua pālahalaha aku nei kēia ʻano i nā palena kiʻekiʻe he nui o ka Basin Amazon a me nā wahi mamao ʻē aʻe ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi wai wai, kahi i hoʻoneʻe i nā pale kūlohelohe i ka neʻe ʻana.
Nā wahi noho o ka muliwai
ʻIke ʻia nā ʻauwai o ka muliwai i nā kahawai wai wai tropical me nā mahana o ka wai (24 ° C-26 ° C). Aia ka hohonu o ka nohona i ka hohonu o ka muliwai kahi e noho ai ka iʻa. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ua loaʻa kēia mau kukuna ma kahi hohonu o 0.5-2.5 mau mika i nā poʻo o ka muliwai Parana, ma kahi hohonu o 7-10 mika i ka muliwai Uruguay. Makemake nā poʻe kū i ka wai i nā wai mālie me kahi kahakai kahakai, keu hoʻi ma nā kapa o nā kahawai a me nā loko iʻa e peʻe pinepine ai.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi stingray muliwai
ʻOkoʻa nā stingray o ka muliwai mai nā mea pili pono e ka alo o nā maka ʻalani a melemele paha ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal, ua hoʻopuni ʻia kēlā me kēia me ke apo ʻeleʻele, me ke anawaena i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kēia wahi.
Hinahina ʻeleʻele i ke kino i ke kala. Oval ke kino me ka huelo ikaika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi i hiki i 100 knm a me ke kaupaona nui he 15 kg, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā stingray (50-60 cm a me ke kaupaona ʻana a 10 kg). ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Ka hana hou ʻana o ka stalker muliwai
Pili pono nā manawa hānau i ke kaʻapuni hydrological i nā kahawai a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kau maloʻo, kahi mai Iune a Nowemapa. ʻIke ʻia ka male ʻana i nā stingrays muliwai wale nō i ka lehulehu o ka nohona, no laila, aia paha he mau ʻokoʻa mai ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻāhiu hihiu. Hana nui ʻia ka māna ma ka pō. Lālau ke kāne i ka wahine a paʻa paʻa i kona mau ā ma ka hope o kāna disk, i kekahi manawa e waiho ana i nā kaha nahu.
Hiki paha i nā kāne ke male me kekahi mau wahine i nā wā o kekahi mau pule. ʻO nā stingrays kahawai he mau ʻano ovoviviparous, he 30 mm ke anawaena o kā lākou mau hua.
Hānau ka wahine i nā keiki no 6 mau mahina, ʻike ʻia nā stingray ʻōpio i ka wā ua mai Kēkēmapa a Malaki. (ʻIke ʻia nā keiki ma ka aquarium ma hope o 3 mau mahina). ʻO kā lākou helu mai 3 a 21 a ʻano maʻamau mau.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hānai ʻia kahi litter i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope, a ukali ʻia e kekahi mau makahiki o ka hana ʻole hou ʻana. Loaʻa i nā embryos i ke kino o ka wahine nā mea momona mai ka makuahine.
Hānau ka wahine wahine i nā keiki liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau i nā pua he 55% kāne a 45% wahine. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā stingray ʻōpio ʻo 96.8 mm i ka awelika. Kūʻokoʻa koke nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, hoʻonui ke hiki lākou i nā makahiki he 20 a 7 mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ke ola o nā stingrays muliwai i ka nahelehele. Noho kēia mau iʻa i ka pio ʻana a 15 mau makahiki paha.
Ka hana stalker muliwai
Hele ka poʻe kū i ka muliwai i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai. ʻO ka mamao, kahi a ka muliwai e neʻe ai, hiki i 100 mau kilomita. Noho wale ka iʻa, koe wale nō ka wā hānau. I loko o ka lā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā stingrays i kanu ʻia i nā waihona one. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia inā nā ʻāpana teritori kēia mau kukuna.
Aia nā maka i nā kukuna muliwai ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo o ke poʻo e hāʻawi i kahi o 360 ° kahua o ka ʻike. Loli ka nui o nā haumāna me nā kūlana uila. ʻIke ka laina ʻaoʻao me nā hunaola kūikawā i ka loli o ka kaomi i loko o ka wai. Loaʻa i nā stalkers muliwai kahi paʻakikī o nā uila uila e ʻae ai i nā impulses uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e ʻike i nā pio i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia i ka wai.
Ma ke ala like, ʻike kēia mau iʻa i nā mea ʻaihue a hoʻokele i ka wai kai e puni ana. Aia nā lālā o ka pilau i nā capsule cartilaginous ma ka piko o ke poʻo. Huli ʻia nā lawaiʻa muliwai e nā caimans a me nā iʻa nui. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka grrated, spine venomous ma ka huelo he pale nui i nā mea ʻino.
E hānai ʻai ana i ka muliwai
Aia ka meaʻai i nā stingray o ka muliwai i ka makahiki o nā kukuna a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea pio i ke kaiapuni. Ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, ʻai nā stingray ʻōpio i ka plankton a me nā ʻōpio, ʻai i nā mollusc liʻiliʻi, nā crustacea, a me nā larva insect aquatic.
ʻAi nā mākua i ka iʻa (astianax, bonito), a me nā crustacea, gastropods, a me nā iʻa aquatic.
He manaʻo no ke kanaka
Loaʻa i nā stingrays i ka ʻawaʻawa e waiho ana i nā ʻeha ʻeha ma ke kino o ke kanaka. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua nui a nui nā hihia i hōʻeha ʻia i ka poʻe ma ia wahi kahi e kahe ai ka muliwai ʻo Parana i nā hōʻike hanana. ʻO nā stingrays muliwai kahi mea e ʻimi holoholona ai; hopu a ʻai pinepine nā kamaʻāina.
Ke kūlana mālama o ka stalker muliwai
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka stingray muliwai e ka IUCN ma ke ʻano he "ʻikepili-lawa". ʻAʻole maopopo loa ka helu o kēlā me kēia kanaka, ke ala huna o ke ola a me ka noho ʻana i ka wai palolo e paʻakikī e hoʻopaʻa i ke kaolaola o kēia mau iʻa. I nā wahi he nui kahi e noho ai nā stingrays muliwai, ʻaʻohe mea kau palena i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā kukuna wai hou. I Uruguay, hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hana leʻaleʻa lawaiʻa no nā kahawai kahawai. ʻO ke koi haʻahaʻa no kēia ʻano iʻa e like me kahi kumu meaʻai e hāʻawi i ka hōʻemi i ka hoʻopau ʻana o nā kukuna muliwai i ke kūlohelohe.
