ʻO ka ʻāpala ʻApelika (Oxyura maccoa) no ka ʻohana duck, ke kauoha Anseriformes. ʻO ka wehewehe "maccoa" mai ka inoa o ka 'Macau' ʻāpana ma Kina a hewa ia no ka mea ʻo ka ʻāʻī kekahi ʻano pato i loaʻa ma ʻApelika-Sahara ʻApelika akā ʻaʻole ma ʻAsia.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o ka ʻāpala ʻApelika.
ʻO ka pēpē ʻApelika kahi pepelu lū me kahi huelo ʻeleʻele ʻoʻoleʻa, a paʻa like ia i ka ʻilikai o ka wai a hāpai pono iā ia. Nā nui o ke kino 46 - 51 knm. ʻO kēia wale nō ke ʻano o nā ʻāpō me kahi huelo maʻalahi ʻole i ka ʻāina. He nuku polū ko ke kāne i ka hānai hānau ʻana. ʻO ka plumage o ke kino he chestnut. Pouli ke poʻo. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahine a me nā kāne ma waho o ka wā o ka pūnana e kahi nuku ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, kahi puʻu māmā a me nā plumage ʻeleʻele o ke kino a me ke poʻo, me nā kaha mae ma lalo o nā maka. ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka pepeke i loko o ka pae.
Hoʻolaha o ka ʻāpala ʻApelika.
Loaʻa ka laulā o ka Duck. Hoʻolahalaha ka heluna ʻākau i Eritrea, ʻAitiopa, Kenya a me Tanzania. A ma Kongo hoʻi, Lesotho, Namibia, Rwanda, ʻApelika Hema, Uganda.
Loaʻa ka heluna hema ma Angola, Botswana, Namibia, ʻApelika Hema a me Zimbabwe. ʻO ʻApelika Hema kahi home o nā ʻohana hipa nui loa mai 4500-5500 mau kānaka.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hana a ka ʻāpala ʻApelika.
Noho ka hū nui, akā ma hope o ka pūnana ʻana, neʻe liʻiliʻi lākou i ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi kūpono kūpono i ke kau maloʻo. ʻAʻole hele kēia ʻano pato ma mua o 500 km.
ʻO ka hoʻoulu a me ka pūnana ʻana o ka ʻāpala ʻApelika.
ʻO nā pua Duck ma ʻApelika Hema mai Iulai a ʻApelila, me kahi piko i ka wā mākū mai Kepakemapa a Nowemapa. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i ka ʻākau o ka pae i nā mahina āpau, a, e like me ka maʻamau, pili i ka nui o ka ua.
Noho nā manu ma nā wahi punana i nā hui kaʻawale a i ʻole nā hui ākea, me ka nui o 30 mau kānaka ma 100 hectares.
Pale ke kāne i kahi ma kahi o 900 mau mika mika. He mea hoihoi ia e kaohi i ka ʻāina kahi a nā wahine e pūnana ai i ka manawa hoʻokahi, a hiki i nā ʻewalu ʻewalu, a mālama ka wahine i ka mālama hānau. Kipaku ke kāne i nā kāne ʻē aʻe, a ʻumeʻume i nā wahine i kāna panalāʻau. Hoʻokūkū nā Drakes ma ka ʻāina a i ka wai, hoʻouka kekahi manu kekahi i kekahi a kuʻi me ko lākou mau ʻeheu. Hōʻike nā kāne i ka hana a ka ʻāina a me ka hana no ʻehā mau mahina. Kūkulu nā wahine i kahi pūnana, hoʻomoe i nā hua manu a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, nā ʻāpala kēpau. I kekahi mau hihia, moe ka ʻūlū i hoʻokahi pūnana, a hoʻokahi wale nō wahine hoʻouluulu, a ʻo ka pīpī ʻApelika hoʻi e waiho i nā hua manu i nā pūnana o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana duck. Kūleʻa ka pūnana parasitism no ka pepeke ʻApelika, hoʻolei nā ʻāpala i nā hua manu ʻaʻole wale i ko lākou ʻohana, moe pū lākou i nā pūnana o nā ʻāpala ʻeleʻele, nā geese ʻAigupita, a me ka luʻu ʻana. Kūkulu ka wahine i ka pūnana i nā lau nahele kai e like me ka ʻohe, cattail a sedge paha. ʻIke ʻia e like me kahi pola nui a hana ʻia e nā lau i ʻōlou ʻia o ka mole ʻohe a ʻohe paha, aia ma 8 - 23 knm ma luna o ka pae wai. Akā mau ka maʻalahi i ka wai kahe.
I kekahi manawa nā pūnana ʻino ʻApelika i nā pūnana kahiko o ka coot (Fulik cristata) a i ʻole kūkulu i kahi pūnana hou ma kahi pūnana i haʻalele ʻia o ka hina greest. Aia he 2-9 mau hua i loko o kahi paʻa, hoʻomoe ʻia kēlā me kēia hua me ka haki hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau lā. Inā waiho ʻia ma mua o ʻeiwa mau hua i loko o ka punana (a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 16), ʻo kēia ka hopena o ka pūnana parasitism o nā wahine ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokomo ka wahine i 25-27 mau lā ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka paʻa. Hoʻolilo ʻo ia ma kahi o 72% o kona manawa ma ka pūnana a nalo ka nui o ka ikaika. Ma mua o ka pūnana ʻana, pono i ka ʻāpō ke hōʻiliʻili i kahi papa momona ma lalo o ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20% o kona kino kaumaha. Inā ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i ka wahine ke kū i ka wā hoʻoulu, a i kekahi manawa haʻalele ka paʻa.
Haʻalele nā pīpī i ka pūnana ma hope koke iho o ka hatching a hiki ke luʻu a ʻauʻau. Noho ka ʻūpē me ka pua no 2-5 mau pule ʻē aʻe. I ka mua, mālama ia ma kahi o ka pūnana a noho i ka pō me nā moa i kahi paʻa. Mai loko mai o ke kau pūnana, hana nā ʻāpō poʻo keʻokeʻo ʻApelika i mau pūʻulu a i 1000 mau kānaka.
Nā wahi noho o ka ʻāpala ʻApelika.
Noho ʻo Duck Duck i nā loko wai kai papau a kūpaʻa hoʻi i ka wā hoʻoulu holoholona, makemake i ka poʻe waiwai i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi a me nā meaola, a me nā mea ulu ulu e like me ka ʻohe a me nā cattails. Kūpono loa ia mau wahi no ka pūnana. Makemake ʻo Duckweed i nā wahi me ka lalo lepo a me nā mea kanu lana liʻiliʻi e hāʻawi ana i nā kūlana hānai maikaʻi. Mālama pū kekahi nā Duck i nā waihona i hana ʻia e like me nā loko wai liʻiliʻi kokoke i nā mahiʻai ma Namibia a me nā loko wai. Holo nā ʻūlū ʻApelika non-pūnana ma hope o ka wā hānau ma nā loko nui a hohonu a me nā lagoon brackish. I ka wā hoʻoheheʻe, noho mau nā peʻa ma nā loko nui loa.
Hanai ʻuckpē.
ʻAi nui ka pēpē ʻApelika i nā invertebrates benthic, ʻo ia hoʻi nā larvae lele, nā paipu, daphnia a me nā molluscs wai liʻiliʻi. ʻAi lākou i ka limu, nā hua o nā knotweed, a me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu wai ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa kēia meaʻai i nā pālule i ka luʻu ʻana a i hōʻiliʻili ʻia paha mai nā substrates benthic. Nā kumu no ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka helu o ka ʻāpala ʻApelika.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole maopopo iki ka pilina ma waena o nā ʻano kanaka a me nā hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻūlū ʻApelika.
ʻO ka hoʻohaumia kaiapuni ke kumu nui o ka emi ʻana, ʻoiai ke hānai nui nei kēia ʻano i nā invertebrates a, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka hōʻiliʻili bio o nā mea haumia ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka nalowale o ka nohona mai ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā wahi wai kahi mea weliweli nui i ka mahiʻai, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana i nā pae wai e hopena ana mai nā loli kūloko e like me ka ululāʻau ʻana e hiki ke loli loa i nā hopena o ka hoʻoulu. Aia kahi helu make kiʻekiʻe mai ka hoʻopili hewa ʻana i nā ʻupena ʻupena. ʻO ka ʻimi holoholona a me ka ʻimi holoholona, hoʻokūkū me nā iʻa benthic i hoʻolauna ʻia e hoʻoweliweli nui i ka nohona.
Nā hana palekana kaiapuni.
Ke emi nei ka nui o nā kānaka o ka laha ma kahi wikiwiki. No ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāpō, pono e pale ʻia nā wahi wai kī nui mai ka hoʻoweliweli o ke kahawai a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nohona. Pono e hoʻoholo i ka hopena o ka hoʻohaumia o nā kino wai i ka nui o nā ʻāiki. Kāohi i ke kī ʻana o nā manu. Ka palena o ka nohona e loli ke lawe mai i nā mea kanu lūlū haole. Loiloi i ka hopena o ka hoʻokūkū mai ka mahi ʻana iʻa i nā kino wai. ʻO ke kūlana i pale ʻia o ka ʻūlū ma Botswana e pono ai e loiloi a ʻae ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻē kahi kahi i pale ʻole ʻia ai ka ʻāpō. Aia kahi hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi i ka nohona o nā laha i nā wahi kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā waihona wai ʻimi me nā dam ma nā mahiʻai mahiʻai.
