No ka papa amphibian ʻo Leiopelma hamiltoni.
He wahi ākea loa kā Leiopelma Hamilton, kahi o Stephens Island wale nō, aia ma Marlborough, ma waho o ke kapakai o ka mokupuni hema o Nūhōlani. ʻO kahi o ka mokupuni ma kahi o hoʻokahi kilomika kilomika, a ke noho nei kēia ʻano amphibians ma kahi o 600 mika mika. m ma ka welau hema. ʻO ke koena o ka rana a Hamilton, i loaʻa ma Waitoma, Martinborough a me Wyrarapa ma ka mokupuni ʻākau o ka pae ʻāina ʻo Nūhōlani, e hōʻike ana ua ākea ka ʻāina ma mua.
Nā wahi noho o ka leiopelma a Hamilton.
Noho ʻia nā rana o Hamilton e nā mōʻaukala ma kahakai, akā i kēia manawa ua kaupalena ʻia ia wahi i ka 600 mau mika kūlike o ka ʻāina pōhaku i ʻike ʻia ʻo "bank frog" ma ka piko ʻo Stephens Island. Ua uhi mua ʻia kēia wahi me nā lau nahelehele, akā me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā wahi holoholona no ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona mahiʻai, ua lilo ka wahi i nā kū nahele. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia nā ʻāpana o kēia wahi i ko lākou kūlana maoli ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi pā e kāohi ai i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻohana hipa.
Uhi ʻia ka ʻāpana me nā mea kanu mauʻu a me nā kumu waina liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi ka nui o nā māwae hohonu i ka pōhaku i kahi nohona anuanu a me kahi kūpono i kūpono no nā rana. Noho ʻo Leiopelma ʻo Hamilton i nā mahana mai 8 ° C i ka hoʻoilo a 18 ° C i ke kauwela. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano amphibian ma mua o ʻekolu haneli mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o ka leiopelma a Hamilton.
ʻO ka Leiopelma ʻo Hamilton he ʻeleʻele ka nui i ke kala. ʻO kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha e holo i nā maka ma ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole like me ka nui o nā rana, i loaʻa nā haumāna ʻoki, he mau haumāna poepoe ko kā Froge, ʻano ʻē no nā amphibians. Ma ke kua, ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma nā lālā, ʻike ʻia nā lālani o nā gular granular, kahi e hūnā ai i kahi wai ʻaʻala e pono ai e makaʻu i nā mea ʻino. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 42 a 47 mm, ʻoiai ka nui o nā kāne mai 37 a 43 mm. E like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana Leiopelmatidae, loaʻa iā lākou nā iwi ʻaoʻao ʻaʻole hui pū me ka vertebrae. ʻO nā rana ʻōpio nā kope liʻiliʻi o nā mākua, akā he huelo wale nō ko lākou. I ka wā o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, nalowale iki kēia mau huelo, a lawe ka rana o Hamilton i ke ʻano o kahi pae makua o ka hoʻomohala.
Ke hoʻoulu nei i ka rana Hamilton.
ʻAʻole like me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe e pili ana, ʻaʻole hoʻohihi nā rana a Hamilton i kahi hoa me nā leo nui. ʻAʻohe o lākou membrane a me nā kaula leo, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e ʻū. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā amphibians ke hoʻoili i nā kuʻi lahilahi a me nā ʻūlū i ka wā hānau.
E like me ka nui o nā rana, i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, uhi ka rana kāne ʻo Hamilton i ka wahine mai hope a me nā lālā.
Hāpai nā rana a Hamilton i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, ma waena o ʻOkakopa a me Kekemapa. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu i nā wahi anuanu a mehana, ma lalo pinepine o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā lāʻau i loaʻa i ka nahele. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou i loko o kekahi mau puʻu, a pili pono ia. ʻO ka helu o nā hua manu mai ka ʻehiku a ka ʻumikūmāiwa. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hua manu kahi yolk i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka capsule nui e komo ana ʻekolu mau papa: kahi membrane vitelline o loko, kahi gelatinous ma waena, a me kahi pale o waho pale.
Kū ka ulu ʻana mai 7 a i 9 mau pule na lākou, no 11-13 mau pule ʻē aʻe, hoʻololi ʻia ka loli i kahi rana makua, ʻoiai e komo ana ka huelo a ulu nā lālā. Kū pololei ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kū nā ʻōpala, ʻo nā rana liʻiliʻi nā kope liʻiliʻi o nā rana makua. Lawe ka loli holoʻokoʻa i kahi manawa mai 3 a 4 mau makahiki ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ke kino o ke kāne, i kēia manawa aia ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 12-1 mm o ke kino.
Noho mau ke kāne ma kahi e waiho ai nā hua, pale i ka lālau mai hoʻokahi pule a hoʻokahi mahina. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻia ʻana o nā hua, pale ia i ka pūnana me nā hua, mālama i kahi nohona paʻa no ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki. ʻO ia mālama ʻana i nā keiki e hoʻonui i ka manawa e ola ai i nā rana ʻōpio ma o ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka predation a, a ʻo ka ulu ʻana paha o nā maʻi fungal.
ʻO ke ola o nā rana o Hamilton i koho ʻia ma 23 mau makahiki.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka rana Hamilton.
Noho maʻa wale nā rana o Hamilton, noho nā kānaka āpau i kahi kokoke i kekahi i kekahi ma kahi e hiki ai a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻike i ka nohona kanaka.
Pōʻakolu nā rana o Hamilton. Hōʻike lākou i ka wā ahiahi a hana maʻamau i nā pō ua me ka wela o ka pilina.
He mau maka ko nā poloka ʻo Hamilton i hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi ʻia e ʻike ai i nā kiʻi i nā kūlana o ke kukui liʻiliʻi ma muli o ke kū ʻana o kahi nui o nā hunaola receptor.
ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻili kahi laʻana o ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hope o ke kaiapuni. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke aniani o nā rana, i hiki ai iā lākou ke camouflage ma waena o nā pōhaku e pili ana, nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu. Inā kū mai nā mea ʻino, paʻa nā amphibians i kahi, e hoʻāʻo nei e noho ʻike ʻole ʻia, a hiki ke noho no ka manawa lōʻihi, paʻa i ke kūlana hoʻokahi, a hala ka hoʻoweliweli i ke ola. Hoʻoweliweli nā rana o Hamilton i nā mea hōkai me ke kū ʻana o ke kino me nā wāwae i kīnā ʻia. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu i nā mea me kahi ʻala maikaʻi ʻole mai nā momona momona i mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻouka kaua o nā mea ʻino.
Nutr o ka leiopelma a Hamilton.
ʻO nā Leiopelmas ʻo Hamilton he amphibia insectivorous e ʻai i nā ʻano invertebrates, e like me nā lele hua, nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā springtails, a me nā mu. He 20 mm wale nō ka lōʻihi o nā rana ʻōpio, ʻaʻohe o lākou niho, no laila hānai lākou i nā mea kolo me ka ʻole o ka uhi chitinous paʻakikī, e like me nā tikika a me nā lele hua.
ʻOkoʻa ka hana ʻai a nā rana o Hamilton i ka nui o nā rana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapanui o nā rana hopu i ka mea pio me kahi alelo palapū, akā ʻoiai e ulu ana nā alelo o nā rana o Hamilton i loko o ka waha, pono e neʻe kēia mau rana amphibian i ko lākou poʻo holoʻokoʻa i mua e hopu i ka mea pio.
Ke kūlana mālama o ka leiopelma a Hamilton.
ʻO Leiopelma Hamilton kahi ʻano ʻaneʻane make, i helu ʻia i ka puke ʻulaʻula me ka mahele ICUN. Hōʻike nā kuhi nei aia ma kahi o 300 mau rana i koe ma ka mokupuni ʻo Stephens. ʻO nā hoʻoweliweli i ka helu o nā amphibians laha ʻole e hele mai nā predators - tuatara a me ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i ka make ke loaʻa i kahi maʻi fungal weliweli i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka fungus chytrid.
Ke nānā nei ke Keʻena ʻĀina o Nūhōlani i ka nui o ka poʻe a ke hoʻokō nei i kahi papahana i makemake ʻia e hoʻihoʻi i ka helu o nā rana ʻo Hamilton i kā lākou pae mua. ʻO nā ʻano hana pale e komo pū ana me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pā a puni ka wahi i pale ʻia no ka mālama ʻole ʻana o nā mea ʻino, a me ka neʻe ʻana i kekahi mau rana i kahi mokupuni kokoke no ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana.
