ʻO ka lupe ʻulaʻula (Milvus milvus) no ke kauoha ʻo Falconiformes.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o kahi lupe ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka lupe ʻulaʻula he 66 knm ka nui a loaʻa i kahi ʻēheu o 175 a 195 cm.
Kaona: 950 a 1300 g.
ʻEleʻele-huluhulu ka plumage - ʻulaʻula. Mālamu keʻokeʻo ke poʻo. He hāiki nā ʻeheu, ʻulaʻula, me nā kiki ʻeleʻele. Keʻokeʻo nā mea i lalo. He échancrée hohonu ka huelo a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻololi i ka ʻaoʻao. Māmā iki ka wahine. ʻO ka luna ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula i ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū me nā kaha ʻeleʻele lahilahi. Melemele ke kumu o ka nuku a me ka ʻili a puni ka maka. ʻO ka malu like o ka paw. ʻO Iris ambrés.
Ke ʻano o ka lupe ʻulaʻula.
Noho ka lupe ʻulaʻula i nā ululaau ākea, nāhelehele ākea a i ʻole nā ulu ulu me nā lau nahele. Hana ʻia i nā ʻāina mahi ʻai, nā māla heather a i ʻole nā wai pulu. Makemake nui ʻia i nā palena o ka ululāʻau ma nā wahi kaiāulu i nā wahi mauna, akā i ka pāpū hoʻi, ke hāʻawi ʻia nā kumu lāʻau nui kūpono no ka pūnana.
ʻO nā pūnana ma nā ululāʻau deciduous a me ka huikau, ʻāina mahiʻai, nā wahi hānai a me nā ʻāina heath, a i 2500 mau mika.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻike ʻo ia i nā wao akua, i nā ululāʻau o nā ulu lāʻau a me nā kahawai. ʻIke ʻia ma ke ʻano he scavenger o ke kūlanakauhale, kipa mau ʻo ia i waho o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale.
Pālahalaha aku ka lupe ʻula
Kaulana ka lupe ʻulaʻula ma ʻEulopa. Ma waho o ka European Union, loaʻa ia ma kekahi mau wahi ma ka hikina a me ke komohana hema o Lūkia.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manu i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻākau hikina o ʻEulopa e neʻe i ka hema o Palani a me ʻIberia. Hiki kekahi mau kānaka i ʻApelika. Hele nā malihini i ka hema ma waena o ʻAukake a me Nowemapa a hoʻi i ko lākou ʻāina home ma waena o Pepeluali a me ʻApelila
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ka lupe ʻulaʻula
ʻO nā līlū ʻulaʻula ma ka hema he mau manu noho, akā ʻo nā poʻe e noho ana i ka ʻākau e neʻe i nā ʻāina Kaiwaina a hiki i ʻApelika. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻākoakoa nā manu i nā huhui a hiki i hoʻokahi haneli mau kānaka. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, he manu mehameha mau nā kites ʻulaʻula, aia wale nō i ka wā hānau ke hana lākou i mau pālua.
Loaʻa i ka lupe ʻulaʻula ka hapa nui o kāna mau pio ma ka honua.
I ka manawa like, i kekahi manawa malū loa ka hūnā hulu, ʻaneʻane neʻe ʻole, kau i ka lewa, e nānā ana i ka mea pio, aia ma lalo pono o ia. Inā ʻike ʻo ia i ke kupapaʻu, iho mālie ia i mua o ka pae ʻana ma kahi kokoke. Inā ʻike ka lupe ʻulaʻula i ke pio pono, iho ia i ka luʻu pali, e waiho ana i kona mau wāwae i mua wale nō i ka manawa o ka pae ʻana i mea e hopu ai i ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia me kona mau māiʻuʻu. ʻAi pinepine ʻo ia i kāna mea pio i ka wā lele, e paʻa ana i ka ʻiole me kona mau māiʻuʻu a kuʻi iā ia me kona nuku.
I ka lele ʻana, hana ka lupe ʻulaʻula i mau pōʻai ākea, ma ka mauna a ma ka pā. Hoʻopili mālie ʻo ia a me ka wikiwiki ʻole, ukali ʻo ia i ke ala hele i wae ʻia, e nānā pono ana i ka honua. Piʻi pinepine ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ke lawe nei i ka neʻe o ka ea mehana. Makemake ʻo ia e lele i ke anilā maikaʻi, a hūnā no ka uhi ke ao a ua.
Hana hou i ka lupe ʻulaʻula
ʻIke ʻia nā līlū ʻulaʻula ma nā pūnaewele pūnana i ka hopena o Malaki a me ka mua o ʻApelila.
Kūkulu nā manu i kahi pūnana hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā i kekahi manawa noho lākou i kahi hale kahiko a i ʻole ka pūnana manu. ʻO ka pūnana aliʻi o Milan i loaʻa ma ka lāʻau ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 12 a 15 mau mika. ʻO nā lālā maloʻo pokole ka mea kūkulu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka pale e ka mauʻu maloʻo a i ʻole nā kolopa o ka hulu hipa. I ka mua, ua like ka pūnana me kahi pola, akā pālahalaha loa a lawe i ke ʻano o ka paepae o nā lālā a me nā ʻōpala.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua he 1 a 4 (kākaʻikahi loa). Ua keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo lākou i ke kala me nā kiko ʻulaʻula a poni paha. Hoʻomaka koke ka hoʻouluulu ʻana ma hope o ka waiho ʻana o ka wahine i ka hua mua. Hiki i ke kāne kāne ke pani iā ia ma waena o kahi manawa pōkole. Ma hope o 31 - 32 mau lā, ʻikea nā moa me ka momona-kala i lalo i ke poʻo, a ma ke kua o ka malu brown brown, ma lalo - kahi keʻokeʻo - momona. I ka makahiki 28, ua uhi paʻa ʻia nā moa i ka hulu. Hiki i ka haʻalele mua ʻana mai ka pūnana ma hope o 45/46 mau lā, loaʻa i nā lupe ʻōpio nā meaʻai mai nā manu makua.
E ʻai ana ka lupe ʻula
ʻO nā kumu ʻai o ka lupe ʻulaʻula, ʻokoʻa loa ia. Hōʻike ka predator hulu i ka loli kupaianaha a hiki ke hoʻololi koke i nā kūlana kūloko. ʻAi ia i ke kalaiwa, a me nā amphibians, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā mea hānai manu. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo kekahi i ka nele o ka wikiwiki i ka lele ʻana i nā kites ʻulaʻula, no laila he loea i ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio mai ka papa lepo. Ma kahi o 50% o kāna mau meaʻai e hele mai ana mai nā invertebrates, beetles, orthopterans.
Nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o ka lupe ʻula
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i nā laha ka:
- hoʻomāinoino kanaka
- hopu ʻole ʻole ʻia,
- loli a me nā wahi noho,
- nā kuʻina me nā uea a me ka uila uila mai nā laina uila.
Hoʻopilikia ka haumia insecticide i ka hana hou ʻana o nā kites ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui loa i kēia laha ke ʻona pololei ʻole i ke kānāwai e luku i nā manu ma ke ʻano he mea ʻino no nā holoholona a me nā moa. A me ka lāʻau make pesticide ʻole a me nā lāʻau ʻona lua mai ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā koʻokoʻo ʻino. Aia kahi lupe ʻulaʻula i kahi kūlana hoʻoweliweli no ka mea ke ʻike nei kēia ʻano i ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka heluna kanaka.
Nā Hana Hānai ʻulaʻula Kite
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lupe ʻulaʻula i ka Annex I o ka EU Birds Directive. Aia kēia ʻano ma lalo o ka mākaʻi kokoke a nā loea; lawe ʻia nā hana i māka ʻia e mālama iā ia ma luna o ka hapa nui o kāna pae. Mai ka 2007, ua hoʻokō ʻia kekahi mau papahana hoʻopuka hou, ʻo ka pahuhopu nui e hoʻihoʻi i ka helu ma Italia, ʻIlani. Ua paʻi ʻia ka papa hana hana mālama EU ma 2009. Aia nā hoʻolālā aupuni ma Kelemania, Palani, nā Moku Balearic a me Denmark a me Pokukala.
I Kelemania, ke aʻo nei ka poʻe loea i ka mana o nā māla makani ma ka pūnana o Red Kites. I ka makahiki 2007, no ka manawa mua, ua hoʻolako ʻia he ʻekolu mau manu ʻōpio ma Palani me nā transmitter ukali e loaʻa ai ka ʻike maʻamau.
ʻO nā ana nui no ka pale ʻana o ka lupe ʻulaʻula nā:
- ke nānā nei i ka helu a me ka hana o ka hana hou ʻana,
- ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana hana hou.
ʻO ke kānāwai o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides, keu hoʻi ma Palani a me Sepania. Hoʻonui i ka wahi o nā ululāʻau i pale ʻia e ka mokuʻāina. Ke hana pū nei me nā mea ʻona e pale ai i ka nohona a pale i nā līlū ʻulaʻula mai ke alualu ʻia ʻana. E noʻonoʻo e hāʻawi i nā meaʻai manu hou i kekahi mau wahi.
