ʻO ka iʻa ecology kahi lālā o ka ichthyology i loea i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka nohona o ka iʻa.
- ka ikaika o ka lehulehu;
- nā hui o nā ʻano like ʻole;
- nā kani o ke ola iʻa;
- nā meaʻai, nā hana hou a me nā pōʻaiapuni ola;
- ka pilina o ka iʻa me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka holoholona a me ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ka iʻa kahi papa o nā vertebrates e noho wale ana i nā kino o ka wai, ʻoiai aia he mau iʻa lung i hiki ke noho ma ka ʻāina no kekahi manawa (protopters, piʻi piʻi perches, lele lele lepo). Hoʻolahalaha lākou i nā kihi a pau o ka Honua, mai ka wela wela a i ka latitu anu anu. I ke kai a me ke kai, hiki i nā iʻa ke noho ma kahi hohonu o 1000 mau mika, no laila aia kekahi mau ʻano i ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka ʻepekema hou. Eia kekahi, mai kēlā manawa a kēia manawa, hiki ke ʻike i nā lāuna prehistoric i kū i 100 miliona mau makahiki i hala, a i ʻoi aku paha. Ma mua o 32.8 tausani mau ʻano iʻa i ʻike ʻia i ka honua, ʻokoʻa ka nui o ia mai 7.9 mm a 20 m.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēlā mau pūʻulu iʻa, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano o ko lākou wahi noho.
- pelagic - i ke kolamu wai (mano, pike, herring, tuna, walleye, trout);
- abyssal - noho i kahi hohonu o 200 m (nā mea ʻai ʻeleʻele, nā lawaiʻa);
- littoral - i nā wahi kai (gobies, nā nila o ke kai, nā ʻīlio kāwili ʻia, nā skates);
- lalo - noho ma lalo (flounders, ray, catfish).
Ka hopena o nā kumu o ka hydrosphere i ka nohona o ka iʻa
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka iʻa ke ola ka māmā. Hiki i nā kukui maikaʻi ke hoʻokele maikaʻi i loko o ka wai. ʻO ka hohonu o ka iʻa e ola ai, komo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma laila, a ʻo nā ʻano e noho hohonu a i lalo paha he makapō a ʻike paha i ke kukui nāwaliwali me nā maka telesopaka.
Ma muli o ka mahana o ke kino o ka iʻa i ka wela o ko lākou kaiapuni, no laila, pili ka wai mehana a me ke anuanu i ko lākou ola pōʻaiapili ma nā ʻano like ʻole. I ka wai mehana, ka hana iʻa, ʻike ʻia ko lākou ulu ʻana, hānai ʻana, hana hou a me ka neʻe ʻana. Hoʻololi ʻia kekahi mau iʻa i ka wela e noho ai lākou i nā punawai wela, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi poʻe ke kū i nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka wai o Antarctica a me ka Arctic.
Loaʻa i ka iʻa oxygen iʻa mai ka wai, a inā e ʻino kona ʻano, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ulu lohi, ka maʻi a me ka make ʻana o nā heluna holoʻokoʻa. No laila weliweli no ka iʻa nā ʻano haumia like ʻole o ka hydrosfer, keu hoʻi nā aila kahe. Ma ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana, he predatory ka iʻa, maluhia a omnivorous. He pilina ko lākou ma waena o nā kānaka like a like ʻole, a me nā ʻelele o nā papa o nā holoholona.
No laila, ʻo ka iʻa nā holoholona wai waiwai nui e noho i nā waihona wai o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻaʻole wale e noho i nā kahawai, nā loko, nā moana, nā kai, akā i ka paʻa pio - i nā aquarium. Nui nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o lākou iho, a he nui nā mea a ka ʻepekema hou e aʻo e pili ana iā lākou.
