ʻO ka paʻakikī kūlohelohe nui loa o ka Honua ka envelope honua. Hoʻopili pū ia i ka lithosfer a me ka lewa, hydrosphere a me biosphere, e launa pū kekahi me kekahi. Mahalo i kēia, aia ka holo o ka ikehu a me nā mea i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO kēlā me kēia pūpū - gas, mineral, ola a me ka wai - he mau kānāwai ponoʻī no ka hoʻomohala a me ke ola.
Nā kumu nui o ka enopope honua:
- ʻāpana ʻāina;
- ke kūpaʻa a me ka pilina o nā ʻāpana āpau o ka leho o ka honua;
- mele - hana hou i nā hanana kūlohelohe i kēlā me kēia lā a me ka makahiki.
Pākuʻi honua
ʻO ka ʻāpana paʻakikī o ka honua, i loaʻa nā pōhaku, nā papa sedimentary a me nā minelala, kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka pūpū honua. Aia i loko o ka hanana ka nui o nā mea kemika he kanaiwakumamāiwa, i hoʻokaʻawale pono ʻia ma luna o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hao, magnesium, calcium, aluminika, oxygen, sodium, potassium ka hapa nui o nā pōhaku āpau o ka lithosfer. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole: ma lalo o ka mana o ka mahana a me ke kaomi, i ka wā o ka redeposition o nā huahana o ke anilana a me ka hana nui o nā meaola, i ka mānoanoa o ka honua a i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka sediment mai ka wai. Aia he mau ʻano ʻelua o ka iwi honua - ka moana a me ka pae ʻāina, ʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia me nā ʻano pōhaku a me ka mahana.
Kahua
ʻO ke ʻano ka mea nui o ka envelope honua. Hoʻopili ia i ke aniau a me ke aniau, ka hydrosphere, ka honua o flora a me nā holoholona. Māhele ʻia ka lewa i kekahi mau papa, a ʻo ka troposferos a me ka stratosfer kahi ʻāpana o ka envelope honua. Loaʻa i kēia mau papa i ka oxygen, i koi ʻia no nā pōʻaiapuni o nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma ka honua. Hoʻohui ʻia, pale ka papa o ka lewa i ka ʻili o ka honua mai nā kukuna ultraviolet o ka lā.
Kahua Kai
ʻO ka hydrosfir ka papa o ka wai o ka honua, nona ka wai o ka honua, nā muliwai, nā loko, nā kai a me nā moana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kumuwaiwai o ka Honua e pili ana i ka moana, a ʻo ke koena ma nā ʻāina nui. Hoʻopili pū ka hydrosfera i ka wai wai a me nā ao. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka permafrost, ka hau a me ka uhi hau kekahi ʻāpana o ka hydrosfer.
ʻO Biosfir a me ʻAnopopopera
ʻO ka biosffer kahi iwi-maha o ka honua, i komo pū me ka honua o nā flora a me nā holoholona, ka hydrosfir, ka lewa a me ka lithosphere, e launa pū kekahi me kekahi. ʻO kahi hoʻololi i kekahi o nā ʻāpana o ka biosphere e alakaʻi i nā hoʻololi nui i ke kaiaolaola holoʻokoʻa o ka honua. ʻO ke anthroposfer, ka sphere kahi e launa ai ka poʻe a me ke kūlohelohe, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka pūpū ʻāina o ka honua.
