Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano o ka lepo, a he ʻano ʻokoʻa kā kēlā me kēia o lākou mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Aia ka lepo i nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole o kēlā me kēia nui, i kapa ʻia ʻo "ʻenekini mīkini". ʻO nā mea o kēia mau mea e ʻae iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻohui granulometric o ka lepo, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ka nui o ka ʻāina maloʻo. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻenekini mechanical e ka nui a me ka hana ʻana i nā hakina.
Nā hakina maʻamau o nā mea paʻa i ka lepo
Aia kekahi mau pūʻulu o ka hoʻohui mechanical, akā ʻo ka mea aʻe e manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻokaʻina maʻamau.
- pōhaku;
- ʻiliʻili;
- one - mahele ʻia i loko o ka coarse, medium and fine;
- silt - ua mahele ʻia i ka coarse, maikaʻi a me nā colloids;
- lepo - nui, waena a maikaʻi.
ʻO kekahi mahele o ka hoʻohui granulometric o ka honua e like me kēia: one one, one cohesive, māmā, waena a me nā loam kaumaha, loam one, kukui, waena a me ka pālolo kaumaha. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia hui kahi pākēneka o ka pālolo kino.
Hoʻololi mau ka lepo, ma ke ʻano he hopena o kēia kaʻina hana, ʻaʻole like ka granulometric o nā lepo i kahi like (no ka laʻana, ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka podzol, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka sludge mai nā wahi o luna i nā mea haʻahaʻa). ʻO ke ʻano a me ka porosity o ka honua, kona hiki i ka wela a me ka hoʻopili ʻana, ka hiki ʻana o ka ea a me ka hiki i ka makū e pili i nā mea o ka lepo.
Hoʻokaʻina o nā lepo e ka iwi (e like me N.A Kachinsky)
| Nā palena palena, mm | Inoa hana |
|---|---|
| <0,0001 | Colloids |
| 0,0001—0,0005 | Silt lahilahi |
| 0,0005—0,001 | Silt mānoanoa |
| 0,001—0,005 | Puehuehu lepo |
| 0,005—0,01 | ʻŪlū waena |
| 0,01—0,05 | Lepo lehu |
| 0,05—0,25 | Ke one maikaʻi |
| 0,25—0,5 | Ke one waena |
| 0,5—1 | Ke one ʻehu |
| 1—3 | ʻĀina palaoa |
| ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 | Lepo pohaku |
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻāpana o nā ʻenekini
ʻO kekahi o nā hui nui e hana i ka hoʻohui granulometric o ka honua he "pōhaku". Aia i loko o nā ʻāpana o nā minelala mua, loaʻa ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka momona. ʻAʻole lawa nā mea kanu e ulu ana i kēia ʻāina i nā mea momona.
ʻO ka lua o nā mea nui i manaʻo ʻia he one - eia nā ʻāpana o nā minelala, kahi e noho ai ka quartz a me nā feldspars i ka hapa nui. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano o nā hakina me ka permeable me ka hiki ke halihali wai haʻahaʻa; ʻoi aku ka mana o ka wai ma mua o 3-10%.
Loaʻa i ka ʻāpana silt kahi liʻiliʻi o nā minelala e hana ana i ka pae paʻa o ka lepo a hana ʻia mai nā mea humic a me nā mea lua. Hiki iā ia ke coagulate, ke kumu o ka hana nui no nā mea kanu a waiwai i ka aluminika a me nā hao hao. ʻO ka mīkini mechanical ka mea e pono ai ka momona, he liʻiliʻi ka permeability o ka wai.
Pili ka lepo lehu i ka hapa o ke one, akā he wai maikaʻi kāna a ʻaʻole ia e komo i ka hana ʻana o ka lepo. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka ua, i ka hopena o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ʻike ʻia kahi pā i ka ʻili o ka honua, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka wai-wai o nā papa. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona, make paha kekahi mau mea kanu. ʻO ka lepo a me ka lepo maikaʻi e loaʻa i ka permeability wai haʻahaʻa a me ka paʻa o ka wai i ka hiki; ʻaʻole komo i ka hoʻokumu lepo.
Aia ka granulometric haku o nā lepo i nā huna nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mm) - he mau pōhaku kēia a me nā ʻiliʻili, kahi e hana ai i ka ʻiwi iwi, a liʻiliʻi (ma lalo o 1 mm) - honua maikaʻi. He waiwai kūʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia ʻāpana. Pili ka momona o ka lepo i ka helu kaulike o nā ʻano haku mele.
ʻO ke kuleana nui o ka hoʻohui mechanical o ka honua
ʻO ka hoʻohui mechanical o ka lepo kekahi o nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e alakaʻi ʻia e nā agronomists. ʻO ia ka mea nāna e hoʻoholo i ka momona o ka lepo. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mīkini i ka granular haku o ka lepo, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka waiwai a me nā nui he nui nā ʻano mineral i pono no ka ulu piha ʻana o nā mea kanu a me kā lākou meaʻai. Hoʻopili kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā kaʻina hana o ke kūkulu ʻana.
