ʻO ke kai liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua e kapa ʻia ʻo Arctic. Aia ia i ka hemisphere ʻākau o ka honua, ua anuanu ka wai i loko ona, a ua uhi ʻia ka ʻilikai i nā aniani ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻomaka kēia wahi wai e hana i ka wā Cretaceous, i ka manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ʻEulopa mai ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, a ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, aia kekahi hui pū ʻana o ʻAmelika a me ʻAsia. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā laina o nā mokupuni nui a me nā peninsulas. No laila, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wahi o ka wai, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kīʻaha o ka Moana ʻĀkau mai ka Pākīpika. I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kai, ua piʻi nā pae ʻāina, a ke hoʻomau nei ka neʻe ʻana o nā papa lithospheric a hiki i kēia lā.
Ka mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa a me ke aʻo ʻana o ka Moana Arctic
No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua manaʻo ʻia ke Kai Arctic he kai, ʻaʻole hohonu loa, me nā wai anuanu. Ua mākaukau lākou i ka wahi o ka wai no kahi manawa lōʻihi, hoʻohana i kāna kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua ʻeli lākou i ka limu, hopu iʻa a me nā holoholona. I ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa wale nō i noiʻi ʻia e F. Nansen, mahalo iā ia i hiki ai ke hōʻoia he kai ʻo ka Arctic. ʻAe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona wahi ma mua o ka Pākīpika a me ʻAkelanika paha, akā he kai piha me kāna kaiaolaola ponoʻī, he ʻāpana ia o ka Moana Honua.
Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā noiʻi ākea ākea. No laila, ʻo R. Byrd lāua ʻo R. Amundsen i ka hapahā mua o ke kenekulia iwakālua i hana i kahi ana maka manu o ka moana, kā lākou huakaʻi ma ka mokulele. Ma hope, ua mālama ʻia nā keʻena ʻepekema, ua lako pono lākou i ka ʻauhe hau ʻana. Ua hiki kēia i ke aʻo ʻana i ka lalo a me ka palapala honua o ka moana. Pēlā i ʻike ʻia ai nā pae mauna o lalo o ka wai.
ʻO kekahi o nā huakaʻi kaulana ka pūʻulu Pelekane, ka mea i hele i ka moana ma ka wāwae mai 1968 a 1969. Ua hala ko lākou ala mai ʻEulopa a i ʻAmelika, ʻo ka pahuhopu ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka honua o nā mea ulu a me nā holoholona, a me ke ʻano o ke aniau.
Ma mua o ka manawa hoʻokahi ua aʻo ʻia ka Moana Arctic e nā huakaʻi i nā moku, akā paʻakikī kēia i ka uhi ʻia ʻana o ka wahi wai me nā aniani, ʻike ʻia nā hau hau. Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano o ka wai a me ka honua i lalo o ka wai, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā aniani. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, mai ka hau e huki i ka wai kūpono no ka inu, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa paʻakai kona.
ʻO ke Kai Arctic kahi kaiaolaola kupaianaha o ko mākou honua. Anuanu kēia, heʻe nā glaciers, akā he wahi hoʻohiki kēia no ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana e ka poʻe. ʻOiai e ʻimi ʻia nei ke kai i kēia manawa, ʻike maʻalahi ʻia ia.
