ʻO ka ululāʻau tundra kahi wahi aniau paʻakikī, aia ia ma nā wahi o ka ʻāina i kūlike me ka nahele a me tundra, a me nā marshlands a me nā loko. ʻO ka tundra ululāʻau kahi ʻano hema loa o ka tundra, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa pinepine ʻia ai "ka hema". Aia ʻo tundra ululāʻau ma ka ʻāpana ʻāina subarctic. He wahi nani loa kēia kahi e pua ai ka nui o nā mea kanu like ʻole i ka puna. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia wahi e nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka wikiwiki o ka ulu ʻana o nā moʻo, ʻo ia ke kumu he wahi punahele ia no nā wahi hānai ʻo reindeer hoʻoilo.
Lepo-tundra lepo
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka tundra arctic a me ka maʻamau, hiki i ka lepo o ka tundra nahele ke mahi i ka mahiʻai. Ma kona mau ʻāina hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoulu i kaʻuala, kāpī a me nā aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Eia nō naʻe, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ko ka lepo.
- ilihune ka honua i ka humus;
- he waikawa kiʻekiʻe;
- he uuku ka nui o nā meaola.
ʻO ka ʻāina kūpono loa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu nā pali mahana o ke teritori. Akā nō naʻe, aia kekahi papa gley o ka lepo ma lalo o 20 knm o ka papa honua, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomohala i ke kumu aʻa ma lalo o 20 cm. Ma muli o ka ʻōnaehana mole maikaʻi ʻole, loaʻa i kahi heluna nui o nā kumulāʻau-tundra kahi kumu i kūlou ma ke kumu.
I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka momona o ia lepo, pono ʻoe i:
- hoʻowahāwahī hoʻowahāwahā;
- ke noi nei i nā kaha nui o nā mea momona;
- ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke aupuni wela.
Manaʻo ʻia ka pilikia nui loa he permafrost pinepine kēia mau ʻāina. I ke kauwela wale nō, hoʻomehana ka lā i ka lepo ma ka awelika o ka hapalua mika. Kuhi ʻia ka lepo o ka nahele-tundra i ka wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka ua i kāna panalāʻau. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka haʻahaʻa coefficient o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu he nui nā loko a me nā kahawai ma ka ʻāina. Ma muli o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana haʻahaʻa, hana mālie ka lepo i kahi papa o ka lepo momona. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka lepo chernozem, hoʻonui ka lepo o ka nahele-tundra i ka papa momona momona he 10 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ke aniau
ʻOkoʻa iki nā kūlana wela o ka nahele-tundra mai ke aniau o ka arctic a i ʻole tundra maʻamau. ʻO kaʻokoʻa loa ke kauwela. I ka ululāʻau-tundra, i ke kauwela, hiki i ka mahana ke piʻi aʻe i + 10-14⁰⁰. Inā mākou e nānā i ke aniau mai ka ʻākau a hiki i ka hema, ʻo kēia ka ʻāpana mua me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe i ke kauwela.
Hāʻawi nā ululāʻau i ka hāʻawi like ʻana o ka hau i ka hoʻoilo, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pā o ka makani ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka tundra maʻamau. ʻO ka awelika o ka mahana o ka makahiki i -5 ... -10⁰С. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe o ka uhi hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo he 45-55 cm. I ka ululāʻau-tundra, pā liʻiliʻi ka makani ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka tundra. ʻOi aku ka momona o nā lepo kokoke i nā kahawai, ke hoʻomehana lākou i ka honua, no laila ke nānā ʻia nā mea kanu nui i nā awāwa o ka muliwai.
Nā ʻano ʻāpana
Nā mea hoihoi hoihoi āpau:
- Ke puhi mau nei ka makani i nā mea kanu e cuddle i ka honua, a kekeʻe nā aʻa o nā kumulāʻau, no ka mea he rhizome liʻiliʻi kā lākou.
- Ma muli o ka hoʻemi ʻia o nā mea kanu, hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike o ka carbon dioxide i ka lewa o ka ululāʻau-tundra a me nā ʻano tundra ʻē aʻe.
- Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā holoholona like ʻole i nā meaʻai kanu ʻino a laha hoʻi. I ka manawa anuanu loa o ka makahiki, ʻai nā reindeer, nā lemona a me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka tundra i nā limu a me nā laikini wale nō.
- I ka tundra, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ua i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma mua o nā wao akua, akā ma muli o ka evaporation maikaʻi ʻole, mālama ʻia ka wai a ulu a lilo i mau puʻu he nui.
- ʻO ka hoʻoilo i ka ululāʻau-tundra no ka hapakolu o ka makahiki, pōkole ke kauwela, akā mahana ma mua o ka ʻāina o ka tundra maʻamau.
- Ma ka panalāʻau o ka ululāʻau-tundra i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kekahi o nā hanana hoihoi loa - nā kukui ʻākau.
- Liʻiliʻi ka holoholona o ka nahele-tundra, akā nui loa ia.
- Hiki ke uhi ka hau i ka hoʻoilo i mau mika.
- Nui aʻe nā mea kanu ma nā kahawai, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻoi aku ka nui o nā holoholona.
- ʻO ka tundra ululāʻau kahi wahi kūpono loa no nā mea kanu a me nā hanauna holoholona ma mua o ka tundra maʻamau.
Huahana
He ʻāina ʻoʻoleʻa ʻo Forest-tundra no ke ola, kahi i hoʻopili ai nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wahi e nā hoʻoilo lōʻihi a me nā kauwela kau pōkole. Hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka lepo o ka ʻāina no ka mahiʻai, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā mea kanu i ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a pōkole ko lākou aʻa. I ka hoʻoilo, lawa ka nui o nā lichens a me nā limu e huki i nā holoholona he nui i kēia wahi.
